Pine muti

Zvinotendwa kuti yekutanga kuratidzwa kweKunstkamera yaive chikamu chemuti wepaini, iro davi rekudivi iro, rakamonyoroka zvine hungwaru, rakakura kuita hunde. Bazi rine chidimbu chehunde rinogona kuramba richionekwa mumuseum. Kunyange zvakadaro, muti wacho haunganzi wakajairika. Nekudaro, mushanduro yechiLatin, zita rayo isango pine (Pinus sylvestris).

Muti uyu unokura kwose kwose uye unozivikanwa nevakawanda. Haawanzovhiringika nemamwe hofori dzakasvibira. Kunze kwekunge nespruce, kunyanya kana iyi miti yakaisvonaka ichiri mudiki, kusvika kumakore 15-20. Ingori kuti iyo silhouette yakafanana. Uye vashoma vanhu vanoteerera kureba uye ruvara rwetsono. Nenzira, masango epine anotsanangurwa sechiedza coniferous, uye kana spruce ichikunda, iyi yatova sango rakasviba coniferous.

Kureba kwezvienzaniso zvevakuru zveScotch pine i 20 - 30 m (1), uye izvi zvingasava muganhu.

Scotch pine mafomu

Munzvimbo dzepasi peguta, pine yakajairika inodyarwa nekuchera muti pane imwe nzvimbo padivi pemugwagwa. Kana kuti vanosiya pine seed mubindu, iyo yakangoerekana yazviratidza pachayo, kubva kumbeu yakasvika kubva musango riri pedyo.

Asi mumadachas, munzvimbo dzeguta nemapaki, unogona kazhinji kuona isiri-yakasikwa fomu yeScots pine, uye kwete subtypes hunhu, semuenzaniso, maBalkan, Karelia kana Mongolia. Kune akawanda akabatana uye akanaka "hama" dzakazvarwa nevarimi. Kazhinji anoshandiswa kugadzira nzvimbo (2).

Yakakurumbira uye yakapararira akasiyana ane columnar korona chimiro fastigiata, compact (kusvika 4 - 7 m) Watereri, dwarfish Globose Green и musikana.

Scotch pine ine mafomu ekushongedza ane atypical coloring yetsono. Negoridhe - aura и Wintergold, ine bluish-grey - Bonn и glauc.

Scotch pine care

Scotch pine muti unoshanda, asi zvimwe zvezvinhu zvawo zvinofanirwa kuverengerwa kana uchikura.

Ground

Zviri nyore kufungidzira kuti Scotch pine yakavimbika kune chero kuumbwa kwevhu. Zvechokwadi, mumasikirwo, inokura pajecha, sandy loams, loams, ivhu rinorema. Kunyangwe pamatombo ane thinnest, mamirimita mashoma, akaorera layer! Iko kukwanisa kunamatira kumateru nemidzi, kugadzirisa ivhu rinokambaira, rinowanzoshandiswa munzvimbo dzakadzika midzi (mahombekombe emakungwa nenzizi, materu emipata).

Mapaini akasiyana-siyana, anofarirwa nevagari vezhizha uye vagadziri vemamiriro ekunze, ari kudiwa kupfuura chitarisiko chechisikigo (3).

Lighting

Zvose zvipenyu zvinomera uye marudzi eScotch pine ane photophilous. Kunyangwe mumumvuri usina kunyatso kutaurwa, korona inova yakasununguka uye kwete seyakanaka senge munzvimbo dzine zuva. 

Asi kurasikirwa kwekushongedza hakusi chinhu chinosuruvarisa. Mumumvuri, muti wepaini unopera simba, unogona kurwara uye kuve nyore kubatwa netupukanana. Saka kudyara chero miti yemipine mumumvuri hakuna maturo.

Kudiridza

Mature pines anoshivirira kusanaya kwemvura. Vanogona kunyange kuita pasina kudiridza mukupisa. Izvo zvakasiyana ndezvichangobva kudyarwa zvinomera, kunyanya zvakakura, pamwe chete nemhando dzakasiyana dzine midzi isina kudzika.

Hazvidikanwi kudyara mapaini munzvimbo dzakanyorova, kunyangwe mumasikirwo aya marudzi emaconifers achiri kuwanikwa munzvimbo dzine hunyoro.

fertilizer

Mipaini hainyanyi kudiwa pakudya kwevhu pane akawanda anogara akasvibira. Saka, hazvifanirwe kuisa mafetireza ezvirimwa izvi paimba yavo yezhizha. Kusiyana neizvi, "kudya kunovaka muviri" kwakanyanya, semuenzaniso, kana iri manyowa matsva kana kune yakawanda nitrogen mumineral fertilizer, inogona kukuvadza zvirimwa. Kunyanya pakugadzira pakupera kwezhizha uye gare gare.

Kudyisa

Dzimwe nguva muvhu pane kushomeka kwechimwe chinhu chakakosha kune zvirimwa, chimwe kana akati wandei kamwechete. Muchiitiko ichi, kazhinji kamwechete mumwaka kana zvishoma, muchirimo, mushure mokunge chando chanyunguduka, kudyara kunodyiswa, kuunza fetiraiza yakakodzera yakaoma ye conifers. Kana kuti vanoshandisa chishandiso chakanyanya hunyanzvi, chinosanganisira microelement (boron, manganese, nezvimwewo), iyo kushaikwa kwayo kunofanirwa kuzadzwa.

Kuberekwa kweScots pine

Pane nzira nhatu dzekuparadzira Scotch pine.

Mbeu. Nzira iri nyore yekuparadzira imbeu. Iyi ndiyo nzira iyo miti yepine inoparadzirwa nayo mumasango. Zvinoitika kuti mhodzi dzepine dzakaibva, nekuda kwebapiro duku (kusvika 20 mm), rinopararira kure nemuti wemubereki. Pashure pegore, maviri kana kupfuura, akawanda anomera. Saka usashamisika kana ukawana mupaini mudiki usingaonekwi nesango remupaini.

Unoda kudyara mbeu dzeScotch pine iwe pachako? Kutanga, dzinoda kubviswa kubva kumakoni akaumbwa, akaibva uye achangotanga kuvhurika. Nguva yakanakisa yekuunganidza mapine cones matsutso (Gunyana naGumiguru).

Makoni akaiswa muzvikamu 1 - 2 pabepanhau kana kuiswa mundiro hombe, ndiro, kana bhegi rejira remhando yepillowcase. Chengeta mazuva akawanda munzvimbo yakaoma, inodziya, ichikurudzira dzimwe nguva. Mushure memazuva mashoma, mhodzi pachadzo dzichadonha kubva mumakoni. Zvinokurudzirwa kuvadyara pakarepo, nguva yechando isati yasvika, kuitira kuti vapinde stratification yepanyama. Ipapo kumera kuchava neushamwari, uye mbesa dzichava noutano hwakanaka. Dyara munzvimbo yakagadzirirwa zuva kana kuti ine mumvuri zvishoma. Iwo akadzama ne 2 - 3 cm. Kudyara kunodiwa mumitsara, uye kwete zvisina tsarukano, ine chinhambwe pakati pemhodzi ye15 cm. Iwe unogona kudyara zvakanyanya, asi uchitarisira kuti kutetepa kuchaitwa nenguva.

Mushure memakore 1 - 2, michero yepine inogona kudyarwa munzvimbo inogara. Kana kuti dzokera, ndiko kuti, gara zvakanyanya, kuti uwedzere kukura.

Kudyarwa muchirimo kana kutanga kwematsutso kunoregererwa zviri nyore nemhando diki dzeScots pine, nekuda kweiyo yakasarudzika midzi midzi. Gare gare, apo urefu hwemiti hunosvika anenge 1,5 m, tap root system inotanga kuumba, iyo inonyanya kuoma kuchengetedza kana yakacherwa. Asi kunyangwe mune iyi kesi, nekunyatso kuisirwa uye nekuchengetedza kunotevera, kuchinjika kwevechidiki mapaini munzvimbo nyowani kunowanzo budirira.

Kuparadzirwa kwemhando dzeScots pine nekudyara mhodzi hakuzviruramise, sezvo mbesa dzisingawanzo dzokorora hunhu hwemhando yepakutanga. Asi kudyara mbeu kunoitwa kugadzira mafomu matsva ekushongedza.

Cuttings. Kuparidzirwa kweScots pine nekucheka uye kuiswa kwakabatana nehuwandu hwematambudziko, saka haiwanzo kushandiswa. Kucheka kunotanga muchirimo kusati kwatanga kushingaira kukura kwemashizha matsva. Kucheka 10-15 cm kureba kunotorwa kubva pakukura nhungirwa dzezvirimwa zvidiki. Vanofanira kunge vane "chitsitsinho", ndiko kuti, muchikamu chezasi chepfuti yegore rapera pane chikamu chegore pamberi pehuni dzegore rapera.

Zvikamu zvakaderera zvekucheka zvinoshambidzwa mumvura kwemaawa 1-3 kuti zvibvise resin. Zvadaro vanobatwa nemidzi yekugadzira stimulants uye yakasimwa mu greenhouse, zvakanaka nekupisa kwepasi. Rooting yakareba, chikamu chekucheka midzi idiki. Kudyara kwemidzi midzi kunoitwa mukudonha kwegore rinotevera kana gare gare.

Inoculation. Kuti uwane mafomu ekushongedza, kuparadzirwa kwevarietal pines, kubatanidza kunowanzoshandiswa. Imiti yakabatanidzwa iyo yatinowanzoona mumakiriniki.

Sezvineiwo, pakubatanidza uye kubereka mhando nyowani dzemakoniferi, kusanganisira mapaini, kwete chete zvikamu zveakatozivikanwa (uye akanyoreswa) marudzi anoshandiswa, asiwo ayo anonzi mabhururu emuroyi anowanikwa mune zvakasikwa.

Zvirwere zveScots pine

Kuti mapaini musango anorwara sei, isu kazhinji hationi. Asi mukudyara kwemaguta, uye kunyanya kana kamwe kamwe imwe nhamo yakaitika kumuti wepaini munharaunda yeguta, dambudziko nokukurumidza kana kuti gare gare rinova pachena.

Ichokwadi, hazviiti nguva dzose kuziva kuti chii chakanyatsoitika pamuti, kunyanya panguva yekutanga yeronda. Uye kusarudza mishonga yekurapa kana dzimwe nzira dzekurwisana hakusi nyore nguva dzose. Zvirwere zvepaini nemamwe maconifers zvakasiyana zvikuru nezvinetso zveapuro imwechete kana currant!

Scotch pine nema cultivar ayo anobatwa nemhando dzakasiyana dze schütte, rust fungus, uye humwe hutachiona. Saka, ivo vanosiyanisa pakati peyakajairika pine nechando shutte. Muchiitiko chekutanga, tsono dzinova dzvuku, mavara madema (mitsetse) anooneka pavari. Kune tsono dzakabatwa nechando shute, chiedza chegrey tint chinoratidzika.

Zvakafanana zvikuru netsono ngura uye utachiona, iyo inowanzonzi pine spinner. Ne ngura, tsono dzinoshanduka shava, dzakaoma, asi hadzidonhe kwenguva refu. Uye pine spinner inonyanya "kushanda" nemashizha. Zvikamu zvine utachiona zvematavi madiki, kana zvikasafa, zvinogona kupedzisira zvamonyoroka, zvichitora maumbirwo anoshamisa.

Zviri nani kuti usaunza hutachiona pakupararira kukuru, kana zvisina kudaro unogona kurasikirwa nemiti. Pazviratidzo zvekutanga zvehutachiona hwefungal (pine spinner, rust, shute, etc.), kurapwa nemishonga ine mhangura inotanga. Semuenzaniso, Bordeaux liquid (1% solution), pamwe neXOM, Agiba-Peak kugadzirira. Inogona kumisa kukura kwehutachiona Topaz, biofungicides Alirin-B, Gliocladin, Fitosporin (4).

Kudyara (kusanganisira ivhu pasi pezvirimwa) kuchafanirwa kusaswa nekugadzirira kakawanda, kanenge 3-4 nguva mumwaka. Vanotanga muchirimo mushure mekunge chando chanyunguduka. Kumbomira pakati pekurapa kubva 5-7 mazuva. Pamberi pacho, mu compact low specimens, zvakakosha kubvisa uye kuparadza tsono dzakafa, matavi anonyanya kukanganiswa nehutachiona.

Zvipembenene zveScotch pine

Rondedzero yezvipembenene zveconiferous inosanganisirawo aphid anozivikanwa, zvipembenene, spider mite, uye vamiriri vezvipfuyo, "kunyanya" kunyanya mumapine. Vamwe vanodya tsono, vamwe vanodya muto, vamwe vanoita nzira mumakwati uye mumatanda akadzika ehuni, nezvimwewo.

Shchitovki. Izvo zviri nyore kuziva uye kuoneka pazvidyarwa se plaques, warts dzakasimudzwa, kana dzinenge dzakatetepa dzakatenderedzwa senge maumbirwo. 

Hazvisi nyore kutarisana nechipembenene, kunyange zvazvo "chinofura" pachena pane tsono. Hazvigoneki kuti zvichave zvichiita kuunganidza zvipembenene zvechiyero zvakasimba zvakabatanidzwa kune tsono, uye kuwana munhu wose ibasa risingabviri. Saka pane imwe chete sarudzo - kemikari kurwisa. Aktara, Aktellik (4) achabatsira. Aya magadzirirwo akafanana akanaka kana aphid akarwisa mapaini uye akajairwa echivanhu mishonga haigone kurarama nazvo.

Spider mite. Mukurwisa dandemutande, chipembenene chine ngozi icho, kana chakagovaniswa muzhizha chinopisa, chakaoma, chinopinza nhungirwa nehutete hwakachena webhu, kukoshesa kunopihwa kune mamwe maitiro. 

Kutanga, zvakakodzera kushandisa korona yekusasa. Izvo zvinodikanwa kusasa, uye edza kunyorovesa matavi kubva pasi, pamwe nenzvimbo dzese dzakaoma-kusvika-munzvimbo dzakadzika dzekorona dzakaomarara dzevarietal pines. Mushure mezvose, iripo iyo spider mite inogara, chipembenene chiduku, icho kazhinji chisingagoni kuonekwa pasina girazi rinokudza.

Kana nzira dzenguva dzose dzemvura kwemavhiki akati wandei dzisina kubatsira, vanochinjira kukushandiswa kwegadziriro dzakakosha, kusanganisira dzakanangidzirwa padiki, kunyanya kurwisa zvikwekwe (acaricides). Zvakare, maajenti anoshanda pamhando dzakasiyana dzezvipembenene zvegadheni anoshanda kurwisa spider mite. Iyi ndiyo Fitoverm, Aktellik (4).

Pine sawfly. Mumakore achangopfuura, mumasango akawanda emapine epakati pepakati muzhizha, munhu anogona kuona chipembenene chisingafadzi - pine sawfly. Makonye mazhinji mumapoka emakumi akati wandei anotora tsono dzepaini uye achishingairira kuidya. Chiratidzo chacho, kana chichionekwa chiri kure, chinotyisa, kunyange chinonyangadza zvikuru. Makonye anofamba zvakanyanya uye anopenga, uyezve, pane akawanda awo papine nhungirwa. Dzimwe nguva vanodya tsono dzose dzekare (vanotanga nayo) uye chete ipapo vanoenderera mberi kune vaduku, vachangobva kuumbwa tsono.

Vagari vemuzhizha vari kuwedzera kunyunyuta nezve pine sawfly, iyo inokuvadza ese akajairwa uye akasiyana mapaini. Kana kuunganidzwa kwemaoko kana kugogodza makonye pasi nekumanikidza kwakasimba kwemvura hakubatsiri, Aliot, Pinocide, Aktara, Lepidocid inogona kushandiswa kubvisa chipembenene. Uye zvinyoronyoro usunungure pedyo-trunk madenderedzwa pasi pemiti mukuwa, uchiedza kusakuvadza midzi.

Mibvunzo nemhinduro dzakakurumbira

Takataura nezvekurima Scots pine ne agronomist-breeder Svetlana Mikhailova.

Zvitubu zve 

1. Aleksandrova MS Coniferous zvinomera mumunda wako // Moscow, CJSC "Fiton +", 2000 - 224 p.

2. Markovsky Yu.B. Iyo yakanakisisa conifers mukugadzirwa kwebindu // Moscow, CJSC Fiton +, 2004 - 144 p.

3. Gostev VG, Yuskevich NN Kugadzira mapindu nemapaki // Moscow, Stroyizdat, 1991 - 340 p.

4. State catalog yemishonga yezvipembenene uye agrochemicals inotenderwa kushandiswa munharaunda yeFederation kubva munaChikunguru 6, 2021 // Ministry of Agriculture yeFederation.

https://mcx.gov.ru/ministry/departments/departament-rastenievodstva-mekhanizatsii-khimizatsii-i-zashchity-rasteniy/industry-information/info-gosudarstvennaya-usluga-po-gosudarstvennoy-registratsii-pestitsidov-i-agrokhimikatov/