El Konyka

Konika ndeimwe yemhando dzakakurumbira uye dzakanaka kwazvo dzeCanada spruce. Kana kuti pane kudaro, kuchinja kwayo kwechisikigo.

Canadian spruce, zvakare grey spruce (Picea glauca) inowanikwa kuNorth America. Ikoko inotora nzvimbo yakakura kubva kuLabrador kusvika kuAlaska uye inokura mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma zvikuru, dzimwe nguva kunyange papermafrost muchirimo. Uyu muti mukuru kwazvo, 25 - 35 m kureba. Uye imwe yeiyi spruce ine shanduko - muti wakaoma wakakura, wakawanikwa pamhenderekedzo yeCanadian Lake Ligan muna 1904. Kureba kwayo hakupfuuri 3 - 4 m - iyi inopfuura ka10 kudarika yehama dzayo. Uye inosvika pakureba kwakadaro chete nezera re 60. Iyo korona dhayamita haisi kupfuura 2 m (1). Varimi vebindu vakafarira chirimwa chisina kujairika uye vakatanga kuchiparadzira.

Konika inokura zvishoma nezvishoma - inowedzera 3 - 6 cm chete pagore. Iyo yepamusoro yekukura kwekushanda inoonekwa pazera remakore 6 - 7 - panguva ino gore negore inowedzera ne 10 cm. Uye kubva pazera remakore 12 - 15, kukura kwayo kunononoka zvikuru uye hakupfuuri 2 - 3 cm pamwaka.

Nenzira, Konik spruce ine shanduko dzayo, dzave dzakasiyana siyana.

Alberta Globe. Iko shanduko yakawanikwa muna 1967 muHolland. Ichi chirimwa chipfupi chine korona yedenderedzwa. Pazera remakore gumi, ine dhayamita ye10 cm chete. Mumiti yevanhu vakuru, korona inosvika kureba 30 cm, uye yakafara kusvika 90 cm. Tsono dzakasvibira.

Blue Wonder (Blue Wonder). Iyi shanduko yakawanikwa muna 1984 muGermany (2). Inosiyaniswa kubva kuKonika yepakutanga nekorona yakanyanyisa - nezera remakore gumi haisi yakakwirira kudarika 10 cm, kureba kwemiti yevanhu vakuru inenge mamita maviri, korona yekorona ndeye 70 cm. Asi musiyano mukuru ndiwo ruvara rwetsono: ine bluish tint.

Daisy's White. Iko kushanduka kwakawanikwa muBelgium muna 1979. Korona yemhando iyi ndeye pyramidal, pazera remakore gumi haipfuuri 10 cm. Mukana mukuru weiyi spruce ndiwo ruvara rwemadiki madiki: pakutanga iwo yero, obva atendeuka chena, obva ashanduka akasvibira.

Dwarf (Gnom). Kunonoka-kukura shanduko yeKonik spruce - inopa 3-5 cm yekukura pagore. Rudzi rwetsono igrey-girini.

Laurin. Yakawanikwa muna 1950 muGermany. Dwarf mutation, inokura zvishoma nezvishoma, inopa kuwedzera kwe1,5 - 2,5 cm chete pagore. Korona yakagwadamira. Tsono dzakasvibira.

Kudyara muti wemhashu

Dambudziko guru reKonik spruce nderekuti korona yaro inopisa zvakashata mukutanga kwechirimo. Chikonzero ndechekuti iyi yakasiyana-siyana ine tsono dzakatetepa uye nepamusoro midzi midzi. Pakupera kwaFebruary - March, zuva rinotanga kushanda, rinopisa tsono, uye rinotanga kushingaira kubuda unyoro. Uye midzi haigoni kuwana mvura, nokuti iri muvhu rakaoma nechando. Somugumisiro, tsono dzinooma. Dambudziko iri rinoitika mumakoniferi akawanda, semuenzaniso, mu thuja uye juniper, asi makore ekutanga 2-3 chete. Uye Konika anogona kupisa kusvika 4 - 5 makore. Uye kana isina kudyarwa ipapo, ipapo yakareba.

Ndicho chikonzero Konika isingagoni kudyarwa munzvimbo dzakashama - kunyange pokugara munguva yechando dzimwe nguva haimuponesi kubva pakuneta. Nzvimbo yakakodzera kwaari iri pasi pekorona dzemiti mikuru yeconiferous, semuenzaniso, pasi pemapaini. Kana kubva kuchamhembe kweimba, zvivakwa kana fence yakakwirira isina chinhu. Hazvina maturo kuidyara pasi pemiti yakasvibiswa - munguva yechando vanomira vasina mashizha uye vanorega zuva rakakwana kuti riparadze muti weKisimusi wakaoma.

Sezvo Koniks achiwanzo tengeswa mumidziyo, hapana chikonzero chekuchera gomba guru rembeu - rinofanira kunge rakakura zvishoma pane clod yevhu. Zvinokwanisika kudyara mbesa nemidzi yakavharwa (ZKS) kubva pakati paApril kusvika pakati paOctober.

Mushure mekudyara, mbeu inofanira kunwisa mvura - 1 - 2 mabhakiti, zvichienderana nekukura kwemuti. Uye mune ramangwana, mvura kanenge kamwechete pavhiki mubhaketi.

Kutarisira Konik spruce

Sezvo iyo yakasiyana-siyana Konika ndeyeCanada spruce, yakachengetedza chinhu chikuru chezvipenyu - high frost resistance (kusvika -40 ° C) uye inogona kukura munzvimbo dzose umo spruce yedu yakajairika inokura.

Ground

Spruce Konik inofarira loamy hunyoro-inopisa ivhu. Kana ivhu riri jecha, gomba rakakura rekudyara rinofanira kucherwa uye ivhu rine soddy, ivhu uye humus zvinofanirwa kuwedzerwa kwariri muchiyero che1: 1: 1.

Lighting

Takatotaura kuti Konik spruce haibvumiri zuva rakananga, saka sarudza nzvimbo dzine shaded nokuda kwayo.

Kudiridza

Muzvisikwa, maspruce eCanada anokura paivhu rakanyorova, kazhinji pamhenderekedzo dzemadziva, padyo nematope, uye Konica spruce yakagara nhaka rudo rweunyoro kubva kumadzitateguru ayo. Inoda kudiridzwa kazhinji - zvakanaka kamwe pavhiki, bhakiti remvura pamuti. Uye mukupisa kwakanyanya - 1 nguva pavhiki. Kana izvi zvisingabviri, denderedzwa re trunk rinofanira kuvharwa nepine kana larch bark, kana ne coniferous sawdust nehupamhi hwe 2-7 cm - inoderedza kubuda kwehunyoro kubva muvhu.

Mukuwedzera pakudiridza, zvinobatsira kudururira hose pamusoro pekorona yemuti kamwe pavhiki.

fertilizer

Paivhu rakaorera pakudyara fetereza haigone kuiswa. Kune varombo, zvinobatsira kuwedzera bhakiti ye humus kune gomba rekudyara.

Kudyisa

Konik spruce inogona kukura pasina kupfeka kwepamusoro. Asi kuitira kuti korona ive yakajeka uye yakawedzera kunaka, kunyanya kana ichipisa muchirimo, pakati paApril, fetireza yakakosha yekoniferi inogona kuiswa pasi payo. Kana humus - hafu yebhakiti pamuti.

Pokugara muchando

Mumakore mashanu ekutanga mushure mekudyara, Konik spruce inofanira kuvharwa yechando kubva pakupisa. Inowanzo kurairwa kuiputira mu burlap, asi iyi inzira yakaipa - mukutanga kwechirimo, kana zuva richitanga kubikwa, tembiricha inokwira zvakanyanya pasi peburlap, greenhouse effect inogadzirwa uye tsono, senge muzuva. , tanga kushingaira kubuda unyoro uye kuoma. Mukuwedzera, pasi peburlap, inoorawo.

Zvakanakisisa kuvhara Konika nematavi econiferous: pine kana spruce. Kuti uite izvi, iwe unofanirwa kuisa matanda akasimba seimba yakatenderedza muti uye kuisa matavi econiferous kwavari kuitira kuti vafukidze chirimwa zvachose, pasi chaipo.

Kuberekwa kwespruce Konik

Kuti uchengetedze zviratidzo zvezvakasiyana-siyana, Konik spruce inofanira kuparadzirwa nekucheka. Asi nzira iyi yakaoma, kutaura chokwadi, zviri nyore kutenga seedling. Asi kana uine chido uye nguva, unogona kuedza.

Zviri nani kutora ma cuttings ekugadzirisa midzi mukutanga kwechirimo: pakupera kwaMarch - hafu yekutanga yaApril. Vanofanira kubvamburwa pamwe chete nechitsitsinho - chidimbu chebark rehunde. Uye zviri nani pazuva rine makore. Iyo yakakodzera yekucheka kureba ndeye 7-10 cm.

Kuchekwa kwakachekwa kunofanirwa kuchengetwa kwezuva muHeteroauxin, inosimudzira midzi. Mushure meizvozvo, vanodyarwa muvhu rakaorera rakajeka pakona ye30 °, kudzika ne2 - 3 cm. Chimwe nechimwe chekucheka chiri muhari yakasiyana.

Mapoto ane cuttings anofanira kuiswa mu greenhouse kana kuvharwa nechirongo kana plastiki pact. Kamwe pazuva rekudyara iwe unofanirwa kufefetera.

Konik spruce cuttings inotora midzi kwenguva yakareba - kubva pamwedzi mitanhatu kusvika kune 6 gore. Nguva yose iyi unoda kudiridza panguva yakakodzera - ivhu rinofanira kuva rakanyorova nguva dzose. Kamwe mavhiki maviri ega ega, heteroauxin inofanira kuwedzerwa kumvura yekudiridza.

Midzi cuttings inodyarwa mubindu muchirimo - pakupera kwaApril. Kutanga, kuchikoro - nzvimbo yakavanzika mumumvuri. Ikoko vanofanira kupedza rimwe gore. Uye chete ipapo vanogona kuisirwa kunzvimbo inogara.

Zvirwere zvespruce Konik

Tracheomycosis (fusarium). Chiratidzo chekutanga chechirwere ichi chifukidzo chitsvuku pane tsono. Inobva yaita shava yotanga kukoromoka. Chirwere ichi chinokonzerwa nefungus inokanganisa midzi yemuti.

Zvinosuruvarisa, iyi pathology hairapike. Panguva imwecheteyo, ine ngozi zvikuru - chirwere chinokurumidza kukanganisa zvirimwa zvakavakidzana: spruce, pine, fir uye larch. Nzira chete yekuumisa kuchera muti nemidzi yawo wopisa. Uye bata ivhu neFundazol (3).

Ngura (spruce spinner). Iyo inokonzerwa neiyo pathogenic fungus. Chirwere chacho chinogona kuonekwa nediki, 0,5 cm muhupamhi, kuputika kweorenji pamakwati. Tsono dzinoita yero dzodonha.

Pakuratidzwa kwekutanga kwechirwere, zvakakosha kutema nekupisa matavi akabatwa, uyezve kubata zvirimwa neHom (copper oxychloride) (3) kana Rakurs.

Brown Shutte (brown snow mold). Kune marudzi akawanda e schütte, anonyanya kukanganisa miti yepine, asi brown schütte inowanikwawo pamiti yespruce. Iyo pathogenic fungus inogara pane tsono mumatsutso uye inoshingaira inokura munguva yechando, pane nhungirwa dziri pasi pechando. Zviratidzo zvechirwere tsvuku dzetsono dzine ruvara ruchena.

Kurapa kwechirwere, mishonga Hom kana Racurs inoshandiswa (3).

Zvipembenene zvakadya Mhushu

Spruce leaflet-needleworm. Ichi chipfukuto chidiki. Vakuru havakuvadzi, asi zvipembenene zvavo zvinogona kukonzera kukanganisa kukuru pamiti. Makonye anogara mukati metsono - anoruma pahwaro hwawo uye anoita migodhi mukati. Nekufamba kwenguva, tsono dzinofukidzwa nedandemutande uye dzinoputsika nemhepo inovhuvhuta.

Kurwisa tupukanana, mishonga yehurongwa inoshandiswa - Calypso, Confidor kana Engio.

Spruce spider mite. Zviratidzo zvekutanga zvekukuvara zvinogona kuonekwa nemavara eyero patsono. Nehutachiona hwakasimba, zvinomera zvinova zvakafukidzwa ne cobwebs, tsono dzinoshanduka uye dzinoputsika. Spider mite inobereka mumakore akaoma. Munguva yezhizha, chikwekwe chinopa avhareji yezvizvarwa zvishanu, saka huwandu hwehutachiona hunoitika mukupera kwezhizha.

Actellik kana Fitoverm mishonga ichabatsira kubvisa chipembenene.

Spruce nhema nhovo. Izvi zvipembenene zviduku zvinoyamwa, zvakafanana nemabhora matsvuku, zvinowanzogara pamiti miduku - bark netsono. Unogona kuaziva nekunamira kwawo. Mumiti yakakanganiswa, tsono dzinoita tsvuku uye dzinodonha, matavi anokotama uye akaoma.

Iwe unogona kubvisa chipembenene chete ne systemic drugs. Inonyanya kushanda kwavari ndeye Aktara uye Konfidor.

Coniferous bugs. Izvi zvipembenene zvinoyamwa hazvikanganisi kune chero ipi zvayo - vane bristles machena pamusana wavo. Mumakore akaoma, dzinowanda zvakasimba zvokuti nhungirwa dzinoita sokunge dzakafukidzwa nechando. Pazvidyarwa zvakakanganisika, tsono dzinoita yero uye dzakamonana.

Bvisa honye zvichabatsira mushonga wePinocid.

Spruce sawfly. Kapembenene kadiki kanoita senhunzi. Kukuvadza kwayo mapuropa - anodya tsono. Hazvisi nyore kuvaona - vanozviita mapini netsono. Iwe unogona kuziva hutachiona nemuvara wetsono diki - inova tsvuku-tsvuku, asi panguva imwechete haiputsi kwenguva yakareba.

Kurwisa spruce sawfly, unogona kushandisa mushonga Pinocid. Zvisinei, havadi kugadzirisa korona yemuti chete, asiwo ivhu rakaipoteredza, nokuti mhute inorara pasi.

Mibvunzo nemhinduro dzakakurumbira

Takabvunza nezvaKonik agronomist-breeder Svetlana Mykhaylova - akapindura mibvunzo yakakurumbira yevagari vezhizha.

Zvitubu zve

1. Stupakova OM, Aksyanova T.Yu. Zvinoumbwa zveperennial herbaceous, woody coniferous uye deciduous zvinomera mumaguta landscaping // Conifers of the boreal zone, 2013 https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/kompozitsii-iz-mnogoletnih-travyanistyh-drevesnyh-hvoynyh-i-listvenny rasteniy- v-ozelenenii-gorodov
2. Kordes G. Picea glauca chirimwa chinonzi Blue Wonder: pat. PP10933 USA. – 1999 https://patents.google.com/patent/USPP10933?oq=Picea+glauca+%27Sanders+Blue%27
3. State catalog of pesticides and agrochemicals as of July 6, 2021 // Ministry of Agriculture of the Federation https://mcx.gov.ru/ministry/departments/departament-rastenievodstva-mekhanizatsii-khimizatsii-i-zashchity-rasteniy/industry- information/info-gosudarstvennaya-usluga-po-gosudarstvennoy-registratsii-pestitsidov-i-agrokhimikatov/