Kudyara uye kutarisira actinidia: kusarudza nzvimbo nevhu, kudiridza, kupfeka kwepamusoro, kugadzira korona, kubereka + mhando dzakanakisa.

Zvinoumba actinidia

Actinidia ihama yepedyo ye kiwi, a perennial dioecious chirimwa chemuti wemuzambiringa genus. Pasina kutsigirwa, inokura kusvika 1,5-2 m. Matanda anochinjika, akatsetseka akafukidzwa nemakwati ebrownish. Mashizha mahombe akafanana nemoyo ane serrated kumucheto, girini, pasina stipules. Kana shrub ichitumbuka, matipi emashizha emashizha anoshanduka achena, ozoita pink uye pakupedzisira raspberry.

Munguva yemaruva, inotangira kubva munaMay kusvika munaJune, simiti yakafukidzwa nemaruva akaita semukombe ane dhayamita 1 kusvika 3 cm. Muvara wavo unoenderana nemhando dzakasiyana uye unogona kubva kuchena kusvika kune yepepuru. Mazhinji marudzi e actinidia haanhuhwi, asi mamwe marudzi ane kakunhuhwirira kanonaka. Kuibva kwezvibereko kunotanga mukutanga kwematsutso. Oblong inodyiwa yero-girinhi kana akareruka orenji mabheri anokura muhukuru kubva 1 kusvika 8 cm.

Vhidhiyo "Kudyara uye kutarisira actinidia"

Muvhidhiyo iyi, nyanzvi ichakuudza nzira yekudyara zvakanaka actinidia uye kutarisira chirimwa.

Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati pechikadzi actinidia nemurume

Zvinokwanisika kusiyanisa mukadzi actinidia kubva kumurume chete panguva yemaruva. Pakuisa mbeu, hazvibviri kuziva mhedzisiro yacho pachine nguva. Kana iwe uchida kuwana maruva akanaka uye michero inonaka, unoda kudyara zvose zviri zviviri mubindu.

Muenzaniso wechikadzi unotumbuka nemaruva ega, umo mune pistils uye embryos. Shrub yechirume iri nyore kuziva ne inflorescences, inosanganisira 3-4 maruva ane akawanda marefu stamens. Munguva yekumesa, mukume unotamiswa kubva pane chimwe chirimwa kuenda kune chimwe.

Mhando dzakakurumbira dzekukura

Pakazara, actinidia ine marudzi anopfuura makumi manomwe, ayo anosanganisira michero nemhando dzekushongedza. Zvinonyanyozivikanwa ndezvi:

1. Kolomikta. Frost-resistant mhando, inomira kutonhora kusvika -42 ° C. Yakakurumbira muUrals neSiberia. Inokura kusvika ku 5-10 m, yakafukidzwa nemashizha egirinhi 2-2,5 cm muhukuru nekutanga kwematsutso. Mashizha akachekwa akasvibira, ane murwi wakatsvuka. Kubva munaGunyana, mashizha anozorwazve muyero-tsvuku uye pink-yepepuru toni. Mhando dzakanakisisa: Lakomka, Pineapple, Doctor Shimanovsky.
2. Argut. Iyo yakakura yeactinidia, iyo madzinde ayo anosvika 36 m kureba. Mashizha emashizha akatsetseka, akatsetseka, akasvibira muruvara. Iyo shrub haina kuzvikudza uye inobereka michero yakawanda mune chero mamiriro ezvinhu. Michero inotanga kuonekwa mukutanga kwaSeptember. Michero inosvika 3 cm muhukuru inogona kunge yakasvibira kana ine ruvara rwepepuru. Mhando dzakanakisisa: Yakakura-fruited, Self-fertile, Primorskaya.
3. Barika. Weakly branching liana ine pfuti kwete kupfuura 5 m. Mhando chete iyo, kunze kwezvibereko, mashizha anodyiwawo. Mahwendefa emashizha ane mazano akajeka akasvibira, achishandura mumvuri wavo zvishoma. Orange berries ine beta-carotene yakawanda uye inonaka semaonde. Mhando dzakanakisa: Runako, Yakagadzirwa, Apricot.

Kumhara muvhu rakashama

Varimi vane ruzivo vanokurudzira kudyara mbeu muvhu rakavhurika, iro zera ravo risingapfuuri makore matatu. Zviri nani kutenga chirimwa chine midzi yakavharwa. Chiedza chezuva chakananga, tembiricha yepamusoro uye kushaikwa kwemwando zvinogona kukuvadza vechidiki actinidia.

Paunenge uchitenga mbesa, zvakakosha kufunga nezvehutano hwechirimwa. Sezvo inotarirwa chete nemaruva, nhungirwa dzeshrub rakapera zviri nani. Nzira iyo yekucheka inokura nayo inokosha. Actinidia inokura kubva kumbeu inorasikirwa nezviratidzo zvekuve zvezvakasiyana.

Nguva yakakwana

Actinidia inogona kudyarwa chero nguva yegore, kunze kwemwedzi yechando. Varimi vebindu havana maonero akafanana nezve nguva, saka vanodyara mbesa munguva dzakasiyana:

• mukutanga kwechirimo (kusati kwatanga kufamba kwejusi);
• mumakore gumi echitatu aApril (apo shrub inopera);
• autumn (chando chekutanga chisati chasvika).

Kusarudzwa kwenzvimbo uye kuumbwa kwevhu

Nzvimbo yakanaka yekukura actinidia inofanira kuva ine acidic kana kuti zvishoma. Kana ivhu risina kwarakarerekera, rinonyatsoiswa fetereza yekukura zvakanaka. Hazvikurudzirwi kudyara muti pane loam, pamwe nenzvimbo dzine huwandu hwemvura yepasi. Shrub ichakura zvakanaka pakakwirira, muvhu rakanyoroveswa.

Vakafanotangira uye vavakidzani

Shrub ichanzwa zvakanaka pedyo nemiti isingapedze ivhu (blackcurrant, hazel). Kuvandudza ivhu, uye zvakare chengetedza iyo optimum nhanho yekunyorova legumes. Iwe unogonawo kudyara zvakachengeteka maruva emubindu pedyo.

Hazvikurudzirwi kukura muzambiringa pedyo nemiti yemichero. Vanotora hunyoro hwakawanda, uye kukwidza denderedzwa repasi kunogona kukuvadza midzi ye actinidia. Uyezve, nhungirwa dzegwenzi, kuruka hunde, kazhinji "dzinosungirira" miti midiki.

Kumhara chaiko

Makomba ekudyara anogadzirirwa mavhiki maviri asati adyarwa. Izvo zvinogadzirwa kure ne 2 cm kubva kune mumwe, kuyera 50x50x50 cm. Mushonga wemvura unoiswa pasi, musanganiswa wevhu unodururwa pamusoro: humus, marasha, superphosphate.

Usati wadyara, simiti inonyatsoongororwa uye zvikamu zvakaoma kana zvakakanganiswa zvinobviswa. Midzi inoiswa muvhu revhu, uye nzvimbo yekudyara yakanyoroveswa nebhakiti 1 remvura. Kana wadzikisa chirimwa mugomba, siya mudzi wemutsipa uchipeperetswa nepamusoro. Ivhu rinosungirirwa uye rakaputirwa. Pedzisa maitiro nekudiridza kwakawanda (2-3 mabhakiti). Dzinde diki rakafukidzwa ne gauze kana bepa kuti ridzivirire kubva kuzuva rakananga.

Peculiarities yekukura

Pasinei nemamiriro ekunze, mizambiringa yekushongedza inoda kutarisirwa kwakakosha uye mamiriro ekukura. Hazvisi zvakaoma kugadzira nzvimbo yakasununguka ye actinidia - zvakakwana kuziva mamwe mitemo yeagrotechnical.

Kudiridza uye kutarisira ivhu

Pasina kudiridza kwakakodzera, shrub haizokwanisi kuvapo kazhinji. Kana hunyoro huri muvhu huri pasi pezinga rinodiwa, simiti inodurura mashizha, inomira kukura, uye haigoni kushivirira nguva yechando zvakanaka. Kuwedzeredza humidity kunewo kukanganisa kwakaipa pa actinidia. Varimi vebindu vanokurudzira kudiridza kamwe pavhiki. Panguva imwecheteyo, 1-2 mabhakiti emvura anodiwa pagwenzi, uye munguva dzakaoma huwandu hwakapetwa kaviri. Mushure mekunyorova, ivhu rinosunungurwa, masora anobviswa uye akafukidzwa nekuwedzera mulch layer.

Iwe unogona kudiridza actinidia pashizha chete mangwanani kana manheru.

Kuiswa kwemafetireza

Mineral fetiraiza inokurudzira kukura, kusimba, kubereka, uye zvakare kusimbisa chirimwa chisati chapinda muchando. Kupfeka kwepamusoro kwemizambiringa kunoitwa katatu pamwaka:

• mukutanga kwechirimo: nitrogen (35 g), phosphorus uye potassium (20 g imwe neimwe) michina;
• panguva yekuumbwa kwemaovari: nitrogen (15-20 g), phosphorus uye potassium (10-12 g imwe neimwe);
• pakati peSeptember, mushure mekukohwa: chete phosphorus-potassium fertilizer (20 g imwe neimwe).

Izvo zvakagadzirirwa zvinogoverwa pamusoro pepamusoro pedenderedzwa rezasi uye zvakadzika muvhu ne 10-12 cm. Pakupera kwekuita, ivhu rinofanira kunyoroveswa zvakanyanya.

Kuumbwa kwekorona

Varimi vebindu vanokurudzira kuchekerera pakarepo mushure memaruva. Izvo zvinodikanwa kubvisa mapfuti akawandisa, pamwe nekupfupisa iwo nechetatu pagore. Anti-aging pruning inoitwa chete kune zvirimwa zvakakura kupfuura makore masere. Iyo nzira, iyo iyo muzambiringa unotemwa kune chigutsa 8-30 cm kureba, inoitwa makore ese 40-3.

Kune rumwe rudzi rweshrub, nzira yakasiyana yekuchekerera inoshandiswa. Saka, kupopotedzana kunofanira kazhinji kuderedzwa kunze, kupfupisa madzinde, asi guru rine simba rebazi harifaniri kubatwa. Mune kolomikt mukuru, gore negore rimwe pfuti rekare rinotsiviwa nediki, uye korona inoumbwa nenzira ye fan.

Kudzora zvipembenene nezvirwere

Actinidia inenge isingadzivirirwe nehutachiona uye zvipembenene. Kutarisirwa kwakakodzera kweshrub zvakakwana kuti ichengetedze hutano. Zvisinei, dzimwe nguva chirimwa chinogona kukanganiswa nehosha dzefungal kana zvipembenene zvemashizha. Kubva pakuora uye powdery mildew, kubviswa kwemashizha akaoma kana akakuvadzwa, pamwe chete nemichero, kuchaponesa. Iwe unogona kuparadza fungi uye kutyisa zvipembenene nemusanganiswa weBordeaux (1%) kana mhinduro ye soda ash (0,5%).

Nzira yekuparadzira actinidia

Kuberekwa kwe actinidia inzira iri nyore. Zvakanakisisa kuita izvi nekucheka, sezvo simiti icharamba iri yezvakasiyana-siyana, zvepabonde, uye inotanga kubereka michero kare kwemakore 3-4. Mamwe makwenzi akasimba anokura kubva kumbeu, asi achapa goho chete mushure memakore manomwe.

Mbeu

Kudyara zvinhu zvinoshambidzwa, kuomeswa uye kunyoroveswa kwemazuva mana. Mbeu dzakanyorova dzinovigwa mumudziyo une jecha, dzichigara dzichidiridza uye dzichidzifuridzira kwemwedzi miviri. Zvadaro, panguva imwe chete, mudziyo, wakafukidzwa nemamvemve, unotorwa kunze kunotonhora. Nhanho inotevera ndeyokuisa bhokisi rembeu munzvimbo inotonhorera, apo mushure memazuva 4-2 mazamu ekutanga anooneka. Vanodyarwa mumidziyo ine ivhu muhafu ne perlite, uye kana shizha rechitatu raonekwa, vanosimwa muvhu.

Kucheka

Varimi vanoshandisa nzira mbiri:

1. Green cuttings. Mushure mokutumbuka, nhungirwa yakareba 10-15 cm ine mashizha matatu inogurwa kubva mugwenzi. Iyo pfuti inodyarwa mugomba rakazadzwa nedhizha remvura uye musanganiswa we humus nejecha. Fukidza nefoil, pfapfaidza kaviri pazuva uye nemhepo nguva dzose. Actinidia inosimwa muvhu rakavhurika muchirimo.
2. Woody cuttings. Kuchekerera matavi ekudyara kunoitwa mukudonha. Kureba kwavo kunofanira kuva 20 cm. Iyo nhungirwa inoiswa vertically mujecha uye inochengetwa kusvika kutanga kwaKurume, yozodyarwa mugreenhouse. Kana midzi yaonekwa, dzinde rinoiswa muvhu rakavhurika.

Arc layering

Iyo nzira inosanganisira kudonhedza nhungirwa dzakasvibirira. Diki grooves 7-10 cm yakadzika inogadzirwa pasi pe shrub, jira remusanganiswa wevhu (sawdust, peat, humus) yakavharwa uye tsinde rezasi rechidiki rinoiswa, richisiya kumusoro pamusoro pepamusoro. Yakarara nevhu uye yakagadziriswa kubva kumhepo, inogara ichidiridzwa kuti iite yakazvimirira midzi. Kuparadzanisa pfuti kubva kune munhu mukuru chirimwa muchirimo.

Kuunganidza, kuchengetedza uye kushandiswa kwechirimwa

Actinidia inotanga kubereka muchero pazera remakore 3-4, uye kubva pazera remakore manomwe rinozviita nguva dzose. Imwe shrub inogona kubereka kubva pa7 kusvika ku12 kg yemichero. Kukohwa kubva mukupera kwezhizha kusvika mukupera kwematsutso. Ma berries akaibva anopwanyika kubva kune liana papepa rakapararira. Nzvimbo yekuchengetera inofanira kuva inotonhorera uye inofefetera zvakanaka. Uyezve, michero inogona kuomeswa, yakaoma kana kuoma.

Nekuda kwehuwandu hwevhitamini C uye zvicherwa, actinidia inobatsira zvakanyanya:

• Inosimbisa immune system;
• inodzikamisa basa remoyo, kuumbwa kweropa uye elasticity yemidziyo yeropa;
• inobatsira pamitezo yekufema system;
• inorwisa zvirwere zvegastrointestinal tract;
• anobvisa slags;
• inovandudza ganda uye elasticity.

Chirimwa chekushongedza icho chisingangotaridzi chinonakidza, asiwo chinounza goho ndiko kurota kwechero murimi. Iyo yakasimba uye haina kuzvikudza, uye saka kunyange vanotanga vanogona kukura actinidia.