Mukati
Izwi rokuti "pneumosclerosis" rave richishandiswa nemishonga kubva muna 1819, wekutanga kuiisa mukushandiswa ndiLaennec, uyo akaita izvi kurondedzera mamiriro emurwere ane rusvingo rwebronchus rwakakuvadzwa, chikamu chayo chakawedzerwa. Pfungwa iyi yakabatanidza mazwi maviri echiGiriki - chiedza uye compaction.
Chii chinonzi pulmonary fibrosis?
Pneumosclerosis yemapapu kuwedzera kusingaenzaniswi muhukuru hwehuni hunobatanidza hunogona kuitika mumapapu (s) emunhu nekuda kwekuzvimba, dystrophic process. Mazoni akabatwa neakadaro tishu anorasikirwa nekusimba kwavo, pathological shanduko muchimiro chebronchi inoonekwa. Matishu emapapu anoderera uye anokora, nhengo inowana dense, isina mweya, uye kudzvanywa kunoitika. Kazhinji kazhinji, chirwere ichi chinotarisana nevarume (asi vakadzi havana kudzivirirwa kana), boka rezera harina basa.
Zvikonzero zvepneumosclerosis
Kune zvirwere, kushaikwa kwekurapa kwakakodzera uye kwakaringana izvo zvinogona kukonzera kukura kwepneumosclerosis mumurwere:
sarcoidosis yemapapu;
tibhii (pleura, mapapu), mycosis;
bronchitis mune chimiro chisingaperi;
pneumonia (inotapukira, aspiratory, viral);
magasi emaindasitiri;
radiation therapy (mukurwisana nekenza);
alveolitis (fibrosing, allergic);
kukanganisa kumadziro emidziyo yeropa (granulomatosis);
chisingaperi gastroesophageal reflux;
kukuvadza kune sternum, kukuvadzwa kumapapu parenchyma;
genetic predisposition (zvirwere zvepulmonary);
exudative pleurisy (yakaoma fomu, kwenguva refu kosi);
chinhu chekunze mubronchi.
Chirwere chinogonawo kukonzerwa nekutora mishonga yakawanda (apressin, cordarone). Mukuwedzera, tsika dzakaipa (kusvuta), urombo hweecology (kugara munzvimbo ine ngozi) dzinoonekwa sezvikonzero zvengozi.
Kune mabasa ane varidzi vari panjodzi yakawedzerwa. Kugadzirwa kunokuvadza, migodhi inzvimbo umo magasi anokuvadza neguruva zvinokura. Ngozi inotyisidzira vanocheka magirazi, vavaki, vanokuya uye zvichingodaro.
Chiratidzo pneumosclerosis
Zviratidzo zvikuru zvepulmonary pneumosclerosis ndiyo kuratidzwa kwechirwere, mugumisiro wakava.
Iwe unogona zvakare kuona zvinotevera zviratidzo, zvichiratidza kukosha kwekushanyira chiremba nekukurumidza:
kupfupika kwekufema, kuwana chimiro chechigarire, kuramba kunyange mumamiriro ekusaita basa;
chikosoro chakanyanya, chichiperekedzwa nekuvanzika muchimiro chemucopurulent sputum;
kusingaperi kuneta, kushaya simba, kuputika kwedzungu;
kurwadziwa muchipfuva;
cyanosis yeganda;
kuonda;
chipfuva chirema;
kusakwana kwakanyanya kwepulmonary;
phalanges yeminwe yakafanana nemadhiramu (minwe yeHippocrates);
rales pa auscultation (yakaoma, yakanyatsoputika).
Kuoma kwezviratidzo zvechirwere zvakananga kunoenderana nehuwandu hwehutachiona hwehutachiona. Kuratidzira kudiki kunonyanya hunhu hweiyo limited pneumosclerosis.
Mhando dzepneumosclerosis
Zvinoenderana nekusimba kwekuparadzira mupulmonary parenchyma yekubatanidza tishu, itsika kusiyanisa anotevera marudzi epneumosclerosis:
Fibrosis. Iyo inoratidzirwa nekuchinjika kwekubatanidza uye mapapu tishu mumurwere.
Sclerosis. Kune kutsiva kwemapapu parenchyma nekubatanidza tishu, deformation yechimiro chayo.
Cirrhosis. Kubatana kwepleura, kutsiviwa kwetsinga dzeropa, bronchi uye alveoli ine collagen, kukundikana kwegasi kuchinjana mabasa. Danho iri rinonzi ndiro rine ngozi zvikuru.
Zvichienderana nenzvimbo yechironda, marudzi anotevera echirwere anosiyaniswa:
interstitial;
peribronchial;
alveolar;
perilobular;
perivascular.
Kana murwere akaita interstitial pneumosclerosis, interstitial pneumonia ndiyo inonyanya kutangira. Chinangwa chikuru chekubatanidza tishu inzvimbo iri pedyo nebronchi, mitsipa yeropa, uye interalveolar septa inotamburawo.
Kuonekwa kwePeribronchial kazhinji kunokonzerwa nechirwere chisingaperi chebronchitis. Kune iyi fomu, kubatwa kwenzvimbo yakapoteredza bronchi yemurwere inofananidzwa, kuumbwa kwehutano hunoitika panzvimbo yemapapu emapapu. Chirwere muzviitiko zvakawanda chinozvirondedzera chete nechikosoro, mushure mechinguva kubuda kwesputum kunogona kuwedzerwa.
Perivascular pneumosclerosis zvinoreva kukanganisa kunzvimbo yakakomberedza tsinga dzeropa. Perilobular inotungamirira kune nzvimbo yekukuvadza pamwe chete nemabhiriji e-interlobular.
Zvakare, pneumosclerosis yakakamurwa kuva mhando zvichienderana nekuti chirwere chipi chinoita kuti chipararire.
Mapoka anotevera anosiyaniswa:
sclerosis yemapapu tishu;
postnecrotic;
discirculatory.
Mukuwedzera, chiyero chekupararira kwechirwere chinotaridzirwa - zvishoma, zvinopararira pneumosclerosis.
Iyo yakaganhurwa fomu, zvakare, yakakamurwa kuva yenzvimbo uye yakatarisana:
Local pneumosclerosis inogona kuvapo mumuviri wemunhu kwenguva yakareba pasina kupa chero zviratidzo. Inogona kuonekwa chete nekupupuma kwakanaka uye kufema zvakaoma pakuteerera. Iyo x-ray ichabatsirawo kuita kuongororwa, mufananidzo ucharatidza chikamu chemapapu akaumbwa. Mhando iyi haigoni kuva chikonzero chekushaya kukwana kwepulmonary.
Kunobva kurudzi rwefocal iabscess yemapapu, inotungamira kukuvara kumapapu parenchyma. Zvakare, chikonzero chinogona kurara mumapako (tuberculosis). Zvichida kuwedzera kwekubatanidza tishu, kukuvadza kune iripo uye yatopora foci.
Kuparadzira pneumosclerosis yemapapu
Chinangwa chekupararira pneumosclerosis chinogona kunge chisiri bapu rimwe chete (kuruboshwe kana kurudyi), asi ese ari maviri. Muchiitiko ichi, chiitiko che cysts mumapapu chinogona kuitika, uye kuchinja kwepathological kunoitika nemidziyo kunogonawo kuitika. Hunhu hwekudya kwehupfu hwemapapu neokisijeni hunoderera, maitiro ekufema anokanganiswa. Iyo yakapararira fomu inogona kukonzera kuumbwa kwe "cor pulmonale". Ichi chimiro chinoratidzwa nekukura nekukurumidza kwemoyo wakarurama, kunokonzerwa nekukwira kweropa.
Iyo anatomy yemapapu mune diffuse pneumosclerosis inoitika zvinotevera shanduko:
Collagenization yemapapu - panzvimbo yekuderera kwemafiber elastic, nzvimbo huru dze collagen fibers dzinoonekwa.
Kuwanda kwemapapu kunoderedzwa, chimiro chakaremara.
Mapango (cysts) ane bronchoalveolar epithelium anooneka.
Zvikonzero zvikuru zvekukura kwechirwere ichi maitiro ekuputika anoitika muchipfuva. Kunobva kwavo kunogona kuve kwakasiyana - tibhii, pneumonia isingaperi, kurwara nemwaranzi, kusangana nemakemikari, syphilis, kukuvara kwechipfuva.
Kure nekugara kupararira pneumosclerosis inoyambira nezvayo nezviratidzo zvakananga. Murwere anogona kunzwa kupfupika kwekufema, pakutanga kunoitika chete nekuneta, kushanda nesimba, kudzidziswa kwemitambo. Zvino kunouya nhanho apo kupfupika kwekufema kunoonekwa kunyangwe mukudzikama, panguva yekuzorora. Ichi chiratidzo hachisi chega, zvinokwanisikawo kukosora (kuoma, kazhinji), kurwadziwa kunogara kuchirwadza munzvimbo yechipfuva.
Uyewo, zviratidzo zvakadai sekupfupika kwemhepo, cyanosis yeganda, inopiwa nekushayikwa kweokisijeni, inogonawo. Murwere anogona kuerekana arasikirwa uremu, kunzwa kushaya simba nguva dzose.
Peripheral pneumosclerosis
Iyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa yehilar pneumosclerosis ibronchitis, iyo ine chimiro chisingaperi. “Vakonzeri” vehosha yacho vanogonawo kuva muchetura nezvinhu zvinokuvadza, mabayo, uye tibhii. Kukura kwechirwere, sekutonga, kunoitika kunopesana nemashure ekugadzirisa maitiro, dystrophy. Zviratidzo zveunhu kurasikirwa kwekunyungudika munzvimbo yakakanganiswa, kuwedzera kwehukuru hwekubatanidza tishu kunoitika munzvimbo dzepasi dzemapapu. Kuwedzerwawo kutyora kwekutsinhana kwegasi.
Basal pneumosclerosis
Kana nyama yemapapu ikatsiviwa netishu dzinobatanidza kunyanya muzvikamu zvebasal, chirwere ichi chinonzi basal pneumosclerosis. Imwe yenzvimbo huru dzechirwere ichi inoonekwa seyakaderera lobe pneumonia, zvichida murwere akambosangana nechirwere ichi. I-x-ray icharatidza kuwedzera kujekesa kwezvinyama zvezvikamu zvebasal, kuwedzera kwemaitiro.
Kurapa kwepulmonary pneumosclerosis
Kana uine zviratidzo zvepneumosclerosis, iwe unofanirwa kusaina kubvunzurudza kune general practitioner kana pulmonologist. Nzira dzekurapa dzinotsanangurwa nedanho iro chirwere chiripo. Iyo yekutanga, yakapfava fomu, isingaperekedzwe nezviratidzo zvakakomba, haidi kurapa kunoshanda. Tichifunga kuti pneumosclerosis muzviitiko zvakawanda inoshanda sechirwere chinopindirana, zvakakosha kurapa kwainotangira.
Masero eshato
Imwe nzira itsva yekurwisa pneumosclerosis ndeye cell therapy. Stem cells ndiwo anotangira masero ese ari mumuviri wemunhu. "Matarenda" avo akasiyana ari mukukwanisa kushandura kuita chero mamwe maseru. Hunhu uhu hunoshandiswa zvakanyanya musero kurapa kurwisa pulmonary pneumosclerosis.
Kubaiwa jekiseni netsinga, stem cells dzinopinda nemuropa kuenda kunhengo inenge yabatwa. Zvadaro, vanotsiva matishu akakuvadzwa nechirwere. Mukufanana, kudzivirira kwemuviri kwemuviri kunoitwa, metabolic maitiro anoitwa. Matishu emapapu akajairika anozvarwa patsva.
Kubudirira kwesero therapy kunotsanangurwa nezuva rekutanga kwayo. Zvinokurudzirwa kutanga kurapwa mapapu ese asati abatwa neiyo fibrosis process. Kubudirira zvakare kunoenderana nekuvapo kwepuratifomu yehutano tishu, izvo zvinodiwa kuti maseru abatanidze zvakachengeteka uye kutanga maitiro ekuvakazve.
Stem cell kurapwa inogadzirisa metabolic maitiro anoitika mumuviri wemurwere ane pneumosclerosis. Mabasa e endocrine, immune uye nervous system anodzoreredzwa. Iwo maseru anoburitsawo inoshanda antitumor athari. Nekuda kwekurapa, iyo nhengo yakakanganisika inowanazve kuita kwayo yakarasika uye inova ine hutano.
Mhedzisiro yekurapa kwe "cellular" ndiko kudzoreredzwa kwechimiro chemapapu, kunyangarika kwekupfupika kwekufema uye chikosoro chakaoma, izvo zvaive zvikonzero zvikuru zvekutambudzwa kusingaperi kwemurwere. Kuchengetedzeka uye kushanda kwekurapa kwakaratidzwa nezvidzidzo zvakawanda.
Oxygen kurapa
Oxygen therapy inzira yemazuva ano yekurapa inobva pakufemerwa kweokisijeni-gasi musanganiswa nemurwere. Iyo nzira inobvumidza iwe kutsiva kushaikwa kweokisijeni yakaumbwa mumuviri. Chimwe chezviratidzo zvikuru zvekushandiswa kwayo ndeye pneumosclerosis yemapapu.
Iyo gasi, inova mudziyo weokisijeni therapy, yakazadzwa neokisijeni muhuwandu hwakafanana iyo inoiswa mumhepo yemhepo. Gasi rekupa rinowanzoitwa uchishandisa nasal (intranasal) catheters, inogona zvakare kuve:
masks (muromo nemhino);
matende eokisijeni;
machubhu (tracheostomy, intubation);
hyperbaric oxygenation.
Nekuda kwekupihwa kweokisijeni, kudzoreredzwa kwesero metabolism kunoitika.
Kurapa Kwemishonga
Kana iyo pneumosclerosis ichiperekedzwa nekuwedzera kwekuputika (pneumonia, bronchitis), murwere anorayirwa mishonga:
antibacterial;
anti-kuzvimba;
expectorant;
mucolytic;
bronchodilators.
Kana pneumosclerosis yakaoma, kune kukurumidza kufambira mberi kwechirwere, vanachiremba vanobatanidza glucocorticosteroids. Course therapy, iyo inosanganisira kushandiswa kwemishonga yehomoni mudiki dosi, inoitwa kumisa maitiro ekuzvimba, kudzvanya kukura kwekubatanidza tishu. Kazhinji mishonga iyi inosanganiswa ne immunosuppressive agents. Anabolic uye vhitamini gadziriro inogonawo kurongerwa.
Kuti kurapwa kwezvinodhaka kuve kwakabudirira sezvinobvira, kurapa bronchoscopy inoshandiswa. Uku kunyengedza kunokubvumira kuendesa mishonga zvakananga kune bronchial tissue, bvisa congestive uye zvinopisa zviri mukati mebronchopulmonary system.
Physiotherapy
Kana murwere ane pneumosclerosis, anogona kurongerwa physiotherapy. Basa re physiotherapeutic maitiro munyaya iyi nderokusunungura chirwere muchikamu chisingaiti, kudzikamisa maitiro muchikamu chinoshanda.
Mukusavapo kwekushaya simba kwemapapu, iontophoresis ne calcium chloride, novocaine inoratidzwa. An ultrasound ine novocaine inogonawo kurongerwa. Kana chirwere chacho chiri padanho rekubhadharwa, zvinokurudzirwa kuita inductometry uye diathermy munzvimbo yechipfuva. Nekuparadzana kwakashata kwesputum, Vermel system (electrophoresis ine iodine) inoshandiswa, nekushaya zvokudya zvinovaka muviri - ultraviolet irradiation. Imwe nzira isinganyanyi kushanda ndeye irradiation ine solux rambi.
Kana zvichibvira, physiotherapy inokurudzirwa kuti ibatanidzwe nekurapa kwemamiriro ekunze. Varwere vane pneumosclerosis vanoratidzwa kuzorora pamhenderekedzo yeGungwa Rakafa. Mamiriro ekunze enzvimbo achave nemhedzisiro yekuporesa pane yakabatwa chipenyu.
Kurapa kurovedza muviri
Basa guru, kubudirira kwaro kunofambiswa nekurapa kwekurovedza muviri, ndiko kusimbiswa kwemisimba yekufema. Makirasi anoitwa pasi pekutariswa kwepedyo kwevarairidzi vehunyanzvi, kuita kweamateur kunogona kukuvadza.
Yakabhadharwa pneumosclerosis chiratidzo chekufema gymnastics. Kudzidzira kwega kwega kunofanirwa kuitwa pasina kushushikana, kuomerera kune inononoka kana yepakati nhanho, zvishoma nezvishoma kuwedzera mutoro. Nzvimbo yakanakisisa yekudzidzira ndiyo mugwagwa, mweya mutsva unowedzera kushanda kwekudzidzira. Physiotherapy maitiro ane contraindications - high fever, chirwere chakakomba chechirwere, kudzokorora hemoptysis.
Paunenge uchibhadhara iyo pathological process, varwere vanogona kubatanidza mimwe mitambo. Ne pneumosclerosis, kukwasva, skating uye skiing zvinobatsira. Vanachiremba vanowanzokurudzira kukwizwa kwechipfuva zvakare. Nekubatsirwa kwemaitiro, kusangana kunoumba mumapapu emapapu kunobviswa. Massage inovandudza mamiriro emoyo, bronchi, mapapu, uye inhibits kukura kwepulmonary fibrosis.
Kupindira kwekushanda
Kupindira kwakanyanya kungave kwakakodzera kana murwere ane chimiro chenharaunda chechirwere, kuparadzwa kwemapapu emapapu, kuwedzera kwemapapu parenchyma, fibrosis uye cirrhosis yemapapu. Chinokosha chekurapa ndechekubvisa nekuvhiya nzvimbo yakakanganiswa yemapapu tishu.
ekudzivirira matanho
Nguva dzose zviri nyore kudzivirira pneumosclerosis pane kuibvisa zvachose. Chinhu chinonyanya kukosha cheizvi ndechekurapwa kwenguva yakakodzera kwepineumonia, tuberculosis, bronchitis, uye kutonhora. Zvinotevera zvichabatsira zvakare:
kurega kusvuta;
kuchinja kwebasa nekusangana nguva dzose nenjodzi dzebasa;
kuderedza kunwiwa kwedoro;
kuomesa maitiro;
maitiro ekufema nguva dzose, gymnastics;
kudya kwakakwana, kudya kwevhitamini complexes;
kufamba kazhinji mumhepo;
gore negore radiography.
Kusiya kusvuta ndicho chinhu chakakosha pane iyi runyorwa. Midzanga inokanganisa zvakanyanya mamiriro emapapu, inobatsira mukukura kwezvirwere zvenhengo dzekufema.
Kana pneumosclerosis ichionekwa panguva yakakodzera, inotarisirwa kurapwa kwakarurama, murwere anonyatsoomerera kune zvose zvinorayirwa nachiremba uye anotungamirira mararamiro ane hutano, chirwere chichakundwa.