Mukati
dhinda() - pamwe ndiwo wekutanga kuraira uyo anotanga kusangana nawo kana achidzidza Python kubva kutanga. Anenge munhu wese anotanga nekwaziso yakapfava pachiratidziri uye anoenderera mberi nekuenderera mberi nekudzidza kwe syntax, mabasa uye nzira dzemutauro, pasina kufunga nezve mamwe maficha. dhinda (). Nekudaro, muPythpa3 uyu murairo unopa mukana weiyo yakakosha data kubuda basa neyakagadzika paramita uye kugona. Kuziva aya maficha kuchakubvumidza iwe kukwenenzvera kuburitsa data kune yega yega kesi.
Feature Mabhenefiti dhinda() mune Python 3
Muchikamu chechitatu chePython dhinda() inosanganisirwa mune yekutanga seti yemabasa. Pakuita cheki mhando(dhinda) ruzivo runoratidzwa: kirasi 'buildin_basa_or_nzira'. Shoko buildin inoratidza kuti basa ririkuedzwa riri mukati.
Chiregedzahpazvinhu 3 zvinobuda (Chinhus) anoiswa mumabhuraketi mushure mezwi dhinda. Pamuenzaniso wekubuda kwekwaziso yechinyakare, zvingaite seizvi:
For Python 3: dhinda('Mhoro, Nyika!').
MuPython 2, chirevo chinoshandiswa pasina maparentheses: dhinda 'Mhoro, nyika! '
Mhedzisiro mumavhezheni ese ari maviri ichave yakafanana: Mhoro, nyika!
Kana mune yechipiri vhezheni yePython maitiro mushure dhinda isa mumabhuraketi, ipapo tuple icharatidzwa - mhando yedata iri rondedzero isingachinjiki:
dhinda (1, 'kutanga', 2, 'yechipiri')
(1, 'kutanga', 2, 'yechipiri')
Pakuedza kubvisa mabhuraketi mushure dhinda mune yechitatu vhezheni yePython, chirongwa chinopa chikanganiso che syntax.
print ("Mhoro, Nyika!")Faira "", mutsetse 1 wakadhinda "Mhoro, Nyika!" ^ SyntaxError: Kushaikwa maparentheses pakudaidza 'print'. Waireva here kudhinda("Hello, World!")?
Zvinoitika zvekudhinda () syntax muPython 3
Basa rechirevo dhinda () inosanganisira chinhu chaicho kana zvinhu (zvinhu), iyo inogonawo kunzi maitiro (tsika) kana zvinhu (zvinhu), uye mashoma sarudzo. Kuti zvinhu zvinopihwa sei zvinotemwa nemapokana mana ane mazita: the element separator (Gunyana), tambo yakadhindwa mushure mezvinhu zvese (magumo), iyo faira inoburitswa data (fillet), uye parameter inotarisira kuburitsa buffering (svina).
dhinda(kukosha, ..., sep='', kuguma='n', faira=sys.stdout, flush=Nhema)
Kufona kwekuita kunogoneka pasina kudoma parameter values uye kunyangwe pasina chero zvinhu: dhinda (). Muchiitiko ichi, maparameter anoshandiswa anoshandiswa, uye kana pasina zvinhu, mutsara usina tambo usina kuratidzwa ucharatidzwa - chaizvoizvo, kukosha kweparameter. magumo - 'n'. Kufona kwakadai, semuenzaniso, kunogona kushandiswa vertical indentation pakati pepini.
Zvese zvisiri-keyword nharo (zvinhu) zvakanyorwa kune data rwizi, inoshandurwa kuita tambo dzakapatsanurwa ne. Gunyana uye kupera magumo. Parameter Nharo Gunyana и magumo vanewo rudzi rwetambo, vangave vasina kutaurwa kana uchishandisa maitiro ekutanga.
Parameter Gunyana
Kukosha kwese parameters dhinda zvinotsanangurwa semashoko makuru emashoko Gunyana, magumo, fillet, svina. Kana iyo parameter Gunyana haina kutaurwa, ipapo kukosha kwayo kwekutanga kunoshandiswa: Gunyana= ", uye zvinhu zvinobuda zvinopatsanurwa nenzvimbo. muenzaniso:
dhinda(1, 2, 3)
1 2 3
Senharo Gunyana unogona kutsanangura imwe kukosha, semuenzaniso:
- chinoparadzanisa chisipo sep=»;
- mutsetse mutsva kubuda sep ='kwete ';
- kana chero mutsara:
dhinda(1, 2, 3, patsanuro='izwi rekuparadzanisa')
1 izwi-chipatsanuri 2 izwi-chipatsanuri 3
Parameter magumo
By default magumo='n', uye kubuda kwezvinhu kunopera nemutsara mutsva. Kutsiva iyo yekutanga kukosha neimwe nharo, semuenzaniso, magumo=“, ichachinja fomati ye data yakabuda:
dhinda ('imwe_', kupera =»)
dhinda('mbiri_', kupera =»)
dhinda ('vatatu')
mumwe_vaviri_vatatu
Parameter fillet
dzichipfekeka dhinda () inotsigira kuburitsa redirection kuburikidza neparameter fillet, iyo inongogara inoreva sys.stdout - standard goho. Kukosha kunogona kuchinjwa kuva sys.stdin or sys.stderr. faira chinhu stdin inoshandiswa pakuisa, uye stderr kutumira mazano emuturikiri nemashoko ekukanganisa. Kushandisa parameter fillet unogona kuseta zvakabuda kufaira. Aya anogona kuva .csv kana .txt mafaira. Nzira inokwanisika yekunyora tambo kune faira:
fileitem = vhura('printfile.txt','a')
def bvunzo (zvinhu):
ye element muzvinhu:
dhinda(chinhu, faira=fileitem)
fileitem.close()
bvunzo([10,9,8,7,6,5,4,3,2,1])
Pakubuda, zvinhu zvechinyorwa zvichanyorerwa printfile.txt mumwe pamutsetse.
Parameter svina
Iyi parameter ine chekuita nedhata stream buffering uye sezvo iri boolean inogona kutora maviri maitiro - chokwadi и venhema. Nekumisikidza, sarudzo yacho yakadzimwa: svina=venhema. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kuchengetedza data kubva mubuffer yemukati kuenda kufaira kunongoitika mushure mekunge faira ravharwa kana mushure mekufona kwakananga ku. tsvaira (). Kuchengetedza mushure mekufona kwega kwega dhinda () iyo parameter inoda kupihwa kukosha chokwadi:
file_flush = vhura(r'file_flush.txt', 'a')
dhinda («rekodhimitsaraвfaira«, file=file_flush, flush=Chokwadi)
dhinda («rekodhichepirimitsaraвfaira«, file=file_flush, flush=Chokwadi)
file_flush.close()
Mumwe muenzaniso wekushandisa parameter svina uchishandisa iyo nguva module:
Muchiitiko ichi, nharo chokwadi parameter svina ichabvumira nhamba kuti dzionekwe imwe panguva mumasekonzi matatu, nepo nekusingaperi nhamba dzese dzaizoratidzwa pachiratidziri mushure memasekondi gumi nemashanu. Kuti utarise kuona mhedzisiro yeparameter svina, zviri nani kumhanyisa script mune console. Icho chokwadi ndechekuti kana uchishandisa mamwe mabhomba ewebhu, kunyanya, Jupyter Notebook, chirongwa chinoitwa zvakasiyana (pasina kufunga nezve parameter. svina).
Kudhinda Variable Values neprint()
Paunenge uchiratidza tambo ine kukosha kwakapihwa kune inoshanduka, inokwana kutsanangura yaunoda identifier (variable name) inoparadzaniswa necomma. Mhando yekusiyana haifanirwe kutaurwa, nekuti dhinda inoshandura data yemhando ipi zvayo kuita tambo. Heino muenzaniso:
kuti = 0
b = 'Python kubva kutanga'
dhinda (a,'- nhamba, а',b,'- mutsetse.')
0 inhamba uye Python kubva mukutanga itambo.
Chimwe chishandiso chekupfuudza akasiyana kukosha kune zvakabuda ndiyo nzira urongwa. dhinda panguva imwe chete, inoshanda se template umo panzvimbo yemazita akasiyana-siyana mu-curly braces, indexes of positional arguments inoratidzwa:
kuti = 0
b = 'Python kubva kutanga'
dhinda('{0} inhamba uye {1} itambo.'.urongwa(a,b))
0 inhamba uye Python kubva mukutanga itambo.
Panzvimbo ye urongwa iyo % chiratidzo inogona kushandiswa, iyo inoshanda pamusimboti mumwechete wezvibatiso (mumuenzaniso wapfuura, mabhuraketi akamonana aiita sezvibatiso). Muchiitiko ichi, nhamba dze index dzinotsiviwa nemhando yedata yakadzoserwa nebasa:
- chibatiso %d chinoshandiswa kudhata renhamba;
- chibatiso %s ndechetambo.
kuti = 0
b = 'Python kubva kutanga'
dhinda('%d nhamba uye %s – tambo.'%(a,b))
0 inhamba uye Python kubva mukutanga itambo.
Kana panzvimbo pechibatiso chemanhamba %d tsanangura %sbasa dhinda ichashandura nhamba kuita tambo uye kodhi ichashanda nemazvo. Asi pakutsiva %s on %d meseji yemhosho icharatidzwa nekuti reverse conversion haina kuitwa.
mhedziso
Kushandisa basa dhinda dzakasiyana-siyana data goho sarudzo dzinogona kuitwa. Pamusoro penzira dzakatsanangurwa muchinyorwa chino, kune dzimwe nzira dzekushandisa chishandiso ichi chinozove chiripo paunenge uchinyura mukati menyika yePython programming.