La yeprostate iri gland remurume chibereko. Inowanikwa pazasi pedundira uye, serin'i, inotenderedza urethra, mukoto unobuda nawo weti nembeu mumuviri. Basa reprostate nderekugadzira prostatic fluid, chimwe chezvinhu zvinoumba urume pamwe chete neseminal fluid uye urume, kuchengetedza kwenguva pfupi urume isati yabuda, uyezve kubatira panguva yekubuda, nokudaro kutora chikamu mukuburitsa. kudzingwa kwembeu.

Le Kenza yeprotate rudzi rwegomarara rinonyanya kupararira muvarume: zvinofungidzirwa kuti 1 muvarume ve7 achaonekwa kuti anayo, kazhinji mumakore makumi manomwe. Kunyange zvazvo pasina chikonzero chaicho chakawanikwa, pane a genetic kufungidzira.

Kakawanda kenza yeprostate inofambira mberi zvishoma nezvishoma. Uyezve, ruzhinji rwevarume vanobatwa gomarara iri vanofa nechimwe chikonzero. Kazhinji kazhinji tumarara inoramba iri mu yeprostate uye ine mhedzisiro yehutano hushoma, dzimwe nguva ichikonzera urinary kana erectile kusagadzikana. Zvisinei, mamwe magomarara anogona kukura nekupararira nekukasika.

MuFrance, kenza yeprostate ndiyo inowanzoita kenza yevarume (71 itsva kesi inofungidzirwa muna 200) uye chechitatu chinokonzera rufu rwekenza muvarume (kufa kwa2011 pagore). Nguva yepakati yekuongororwa ndeye makore matatu, uye 3% yekenza yeprostate inowanikwa mushure memakore mazana manomwe. Avhareji yezera rekufa kubva kugomarara reprostate i8, ​​inova inenge avhareji yekurarama kwevarume muFrance. Gomarara reprostate igomarara rine fungidziro yakanaka: Kurarama kwemakore makumi mana nemana kwakavandudzika zvakanyanya, kubva pa700% yezviitiko zvakaonekwa mu74 kusvika 44% mu75.

Prostate cancer ndiyo 2^e chikonzero chekufa kwegomarara remurume muNorth America, mushure mekenza yemapapu.

Types

THEadenocarcinoma ndiyo inowanzozivikanwa yekenza yeprostate. Inomiririra inenge 95% yematambudziko.

Kuoma kwegomarara kunoenderana nekuwanda kweiyo tumarara (yenzvimbo, ine metastases iri pedyo kana kure) uye rudzi rwe kenza maseroPane chibodzwa chekuyera fungidziro yegomarara reprostate, kureva njodzi yainopa kune munhu akabatwa. Ichi ndicho chibodzwa cheGleason.

Ichi chibodzwa chinopa nhamba mbiri kubva ku3 kusvika ku5 paunenge uchiongorora ganda reprostate pasi pemaikorosikopu, nhamba dzinoenderana negiredhi 3, 4 kana 5. Nhamba ye3 inofanana nekuwedzera benign prostatic tishu uye nhamba 5 kune yakanyanya hutsinye.

Nenhamba idzi, kuti tiwane zvibodzwa zvinogona kubva pa2 kusvika ku10, tinowedzera magiredhi maviri, ayo ehuwandu hwemaseru ari muprostate uye chibodzwa chepamusoro chakaonekwa. Nokudaro, chikamu che2 (6-1) chinoenderana nekenza shoma shoma, 1 zvishoma, uye iyo yakakwirira nhamba, iyo inowedzera hutsinye hwebundu. Iyi nhamba yakakosha pakusarudza kusarudzwa kwekurapa kwakanakisisa kumurume mumwe nomumwe.

Kuongororwa uye kuongorora

·         Ropa rekuongorora: kuyerwa kweprostate antigen level (APS ou Psa) Gomarara reprostate rinogona kuonekwa nekuona kuwedzera kweprotein muropa: prostate specific antigen kana Psa. PSA chinhu chinogadzirwa neprostate. Zvisinei, mugumisiro wepamusoro pamuedzo uyu hazvirevi hazvo kuti pane a kenza. Zvechokwadi, huwandu hunopfuura 4 nanograms / ml yeprotein iyi muropa inosanganiswa nekenza yeprostate mune inenge 25% yezviitiko, uye neimwe dambudziko reprostate mu75% yematambudziko. Muchiitiko chekuti haisi kenza, PSA yakakwirira inogona kuenderana nebenign prostatic hyperplasia, kuzvimba kana hutachiona hweprostate. yeprostate.

Kune rimwe divi, iyo PSA assay haione zviitiko zvese zvegomarara. Muchidzidzo chekuongorora kushanda kwebvunzo yePSA, 15% yevarume vakaonekwa vasina bvunzo iyi (kubva kuboka revarume 2 vane makore 950 kusvika 62 makore) vaive negomarara reprostate91. Ngatitaurei kuti PSA dosage inoshandiswawo kutarisa mafambiro egomarara reprostate.

Iyo biopsy haina kushayadivi zvinokonzerwa. Inonyanya kuzivikanwa ndeye kuvapo kwenguva pfupi kwazvo ye ropa muweti, chituru kana urume, fivha uye utachiona hweprostate.

Mukuita:

- Kana prostate isiri yakajairika pakuongorora rectal yedhijitari uye palpation yayo inoratidza gomarara, biopsy inoitwa, kunyangwe PSA iri yakajairika.

- Kana iyo prostate yakajairika palpation uye iyo PSA yakakura kupfuura 4 ng / ml, iyo biopsy ichaitwa kana iyo PSA ikawedzera nekufamba kwenguva.

• Rectal touch. Chinangwa chayo ndechekupuruzira kweprostate gland. Kuti aite izvi, chiremba anoisa chigunwe chakavharwa negirovhosi mukati me rectum uye anogona nokudaro kufungidzira kuwanda uye kusimba kweprostate. Ichi chiito chinobvumira chete kuonga zvishoma. Asi dzimwe nguva inogona kuona kenza muvanhu vane chiyero cheantigen prostatic chaiyo (= APS kana PSA ye "Prostatic Specific Antigen") zvakajairika.
  • Transrectal Ultrasound. Inongoitwa chete kuita prostate biopsy uye haina kufarira pachayo.
  • Biopsy panguva ye transrectal ultrasound. Munguva ye ultrasound, chiremba anogona kutungamira tsono yekudzidzira ye prostate biopsies, ndiko kuti, kutora kanyama keprostate kuti iongororwe pasi pemaikorosikopu. Izvi zvinobvumira chibodzwa cheGleason kuti chiverengerwe. Chete biopsy inogona kuongorora kenza yeprostate nechokwadi. Iyo biopsy inowanzoitwa pachishandiswa tsono inopinzwa muprostate. 10 kusvika ku12 tishu samples inotorwa muchikamu chimwe chete, munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzeprostate

    Iyi nzira inoshandiswa kune zvinangwa chirwere, kwete kuongorora. Izvi zvinoreva kuti inoitwa kana murume aine PSA yakakwira kana kuti dhijitari rectal ongororo yawana abnormal prostate.