“Vamwe vanhu vanojairana nezvinetso zvavo uye maitiro asina kunaka zvokuti havasati vagadzirira kusiyana nazvo,” anodaro chiremba wepfungwa uye anoongorora mashandiro epfungwa Charles Turk, ave nemakore anopfuura 20 achiongorora pfungwa.
Charles Turk paakanga ari mudzidzi wezvokurapa uye aidzidzira basa pachipatara, akaona kuti kazhinji varwere vaipora vairamba vachinetseka mupfungwa. Akabva atanga kufarira zvepfungwa, izvo zvinongoteerera nguva dzakadaro.
Akadzidziswa psychiatry isati yatanga "kuwanazve kushanda kwehuropi," uye vazhinji vevadzidzisi vake nevatariri vane hunyanzvi hwe psychoanalysis - izvi zvakafanosarudzira sarudzo yake.
Charles Turk nanhasi anoenderera mberi nekubatanidza nzira mbiri mukuita kwake - psychiatry uye psychoanalysis. Basa rake rakagamuchira kuzivikanwa mudenderedzwa reunyanzvi. Muna 1992, akagamuchira mubairo kubva kuNational Alliance for Mentally Ill, sangano renyanzvi revarapi vepfungwa. Muna 2004 - mumwe mubairo kubva kuInternational Psychoanalytic Organisation International Federation for Psychoanalytic Education.
Ko psychoanalysis yakasiyana sei ne psychotherapy?
Charles Turk: Mune maonero angu, psychotherapy inobatsira kubvisa zviratidzo zvinokanganisa munhu. Psychoanalysis, kune rumwe rutivi, inotarisira kuona nekugadzirisa kusawirirana kwemukati kunokonzera zviratidzo izvi.
Ko psychoanalysis inobatsira sei varwere?
Inokubvumira kuti ugadzire nzvimbo yakachengeteka, uye mutengi anogona kutaura akasununguka pamusoro pemisoro yaasina kumbokurukura nemunhu kare - nepo muongorori asingapindiri mukuita.
Rondedzera maitiro e psychoanalysis. Iwe unoshanda sei chaizvo nevatengi?
Ini handipe chero mirairo yepamutemo, asi ini ndinosika nzvimbo yakachengeteka yemutengi uye nekumutungamira zvine hungwaru uye nekumukurudzira kuti azadze iyi nzvimbo nenzira inozonyanya kumubatsira. Hwaro hwebasa iri "shamwari dzemahara" dzinoratidzwa nemutengi mukuita. Asi ane kodzero yokuramba.
Kana munhu atanga kuona nyanzvi, munhu anosarudza sei pakati pepsychoanalysis nemamwe marudzi ekurapa?
Kutanga, anofanira kufungisisa kuti chii chaizvo chiri kumunetsa. Uye wozosarudza zvaanoda kuwana kubva pakushanda nenyanzvi. Kungorerutsa kana kubvisa zviratidzo zvedambudziko kana kudzidza uye kuongorora yako subjective state zvakadzika.
Basa re psychoanalyst rinosiyana sei kubva kune izvo nyanzvi dzedzimwe nzvimbo uye nzira dzinopa?
Handisi kupa mazano, nokuti psychoanalysis inokoka munhu kuti awane mukati make kiyi - uye iye atova nayo - kubva mujeri raakazvivakira. Uye ndinoedza kusarayira zvinodhaka, kunyange mune dzimwe nguva vanogonawo kuita basa rinokosha muhutano hwose hwekurapa.
Tiudze nezve chiitiko chako pachako ne psychoanalyst.
Apo ini pachangu ndakanga ndivete pamubhedha, psychoanalyst yangu yakandigadzirira iyo nzvimbo yakachengeteka yandaigona kuwana nzira uye mhinduro dzekubvisa manzwiro ekuparadzaniswa, kutya, kuomesa musoro uye kuora mwoyo kwakange kwanditambudza kwenguva refu. Yakatsiviwa ne "kusagutsikana kwevanhuwo zvavo" iyo Freud yakavimbisa varwere vake. Mukuita kwangu, ndinoedza kuita zvakafanana kune vatengi vangu.
Ini handimbovimbisi vatengi kupfuura zvandinogona kuvapa.
Mune maonero ako, ndiani anogona kubatsira psychoanalysis?
Mundima yedu, zvinotendwa kuti pane imwe seti yemaitiro ayo munhu anogona kuona kuti ndiani akakodzera psychoanalysis. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti nzira inogona kuva nengozi kune "vanhu vanotambura". Asi ndasvika kune imwe nzira yekuona, uye ndinotenda kuti hazvibviri kufanotaura kuti ndiani achabatsirwa nepsychoanalysis uye ndiani asingadi.
Nevatengi vangu, ndinoedza unobtrusively kutanga basa re psychoanalytic, ndichigadzira mamiriro akakodzera. Vanogona kuramba chero nguva kana vachifunga kuti zvakavaomera. Nenzira iyi, iyo inonzi "ngozi" inogona kudziviswa.
Vamwe vanhu vanojaira matambudziko avo uye maitiro asina kunaka zvekuti havasati vagadzirira kuvaregedza. Zvisinei, psychoanalysis inogona kubatsira kune ani zvake anoda kunzwisisa kuti sei achipinda mumamiriro ezvinhu asingafadzi zvakare uye zvakare, uye akatsunga kugadzirisa. Uye anoda kubvisa zviitiko uye zvisingafadzi zviratidzo zvinokuvadza hupenyu hwake.
Ndakave nevarwere vashoma vanga vasvika kumagumo mukurapwa kwekare, asi mushure mebasa rakawanda takakwanisa kuvandudza mamiriro avo - vakakwanisa kuzviwanira nzvimbo munharaunda. Vatatu vavo vakarwara neschizophrenia. Vamwe vatatu vaive neborderline personality disorder uye vakatambura nemhedzisiro yakaoma yehudiki psychotrauma.
Asi paivawo nezvakakundikana. Semuenzaniso, vamwe varwere vatatu pakutanga vaive netarisiro huru ye "mushonga wekutaura" uye vaifarira kurapwa, asi vakakanda mapfumo pasi. Mushure mezvo, ndakasarudza kusambovimbisa vatengi kupfuura zvandinogona kuvapa.