Mudzidzi (kubva kuLatin pupilla) ndiye dema denderedzwa orifice, iri pachiyero cheziso pakati peiris.

Chinzvimbo. Mudzidzi ndiye nechepakati denderedzwa kuvhura iris, uye inobvumira chiedza kupinda muziso. Pamwero weziso reziso, mudzidzi uye iris zviri pakati pe lens, kumashure, uye cornea, kumberi. (1)

Maumbirwo. Iris inoumbwa nezvikamu zvemasero emhasuru anoita tsandanyama mbiri (1):

• iyo sphincter muscle yemwana, kukonana kwayo kunoderedza dhayamita yemwana. Iyo haina kuvharidzirwa neparasympathetic nerve fibers, inotora chikamu mu autonomic nervous system.
• iyo dilator tsandanyama yemudzidzi, kuputika kweiyo kunowedzera dhayamita yemudzidzi. Iyo haina kuvharwa nekunzwira tsitsi nerve fibers, kutora chikamu mune autonomic nerve system.

Myosis/Mydriase. Miosis ndiko kutetepa kwemudzidzi ukuwo mydriasis kuri kuwedzera kwemudzidzi.

Dosage yehuwandu hwechiedza. Iris tsandanyama dzinoshandiswa kuyera kupinda kwechiedza muziso (1):

• Kupinda kwechiedza kunoderedzwa kana sphincter tsandanyama yevadzidzi inobvumirana. Izvi zvinonyanya kuitika kana ziso rakatarisana nechiedza chakawandisa kana kuti rakatarisa chinhu chiri pedyo.
• Kupinza kwechiedza kunowedzerwa kana tsandanyama yedilator yemwana zvibvumirano. Izvi zvinonyanya kuitika kana ziso rakatarisana nechiedza chisina simba chinopinza kana kutarisa chinhu chiri kure.

Cataract. Iyi pathology inoenderana nekushandurwa kwelens, iri kumashure kwemudzidzi. Zvinoratidza sekurasika kwekuona, izvo zvinogona kutungamirira kuupofu. Kushandurwa kwe lens kunoonekwa nekushandurwa kwemuvara wemudzidzi, unova wakajeka kana chena pane dema.

Mudzidzi waAdie. Iyi pathology, iyo chikonzero chisati chazivikanwa, inoguma nekushandurwa kweparasympathetic innervation yemudzidzi. (2)

Claude Bernard-Horner syndrome. Iyi pathology inoenderana nekukundikana kwekunzwira tsitsi innervation uye appendages yeziso. Zvikonzero zvechirwere ichi zvinogona kukuvadzwa kuhurongwa hwemitsipa mukatikati mebrain, musana kana kutsemuka kwecarotid artery. (2)

Oculomotor nerve palsy. Yechitatu cranial nerve, nerve III, kana oculomotor nerve inokonzera kuvharwa kwenhamba yakawanda yemaziso uye extraocular muscles kusanganisira kunyanya parasympathetic innervation ye sphincter muscle yemwana. Kuoma mitezo kwetsinga iyi kunogona kukanganisa kuona. (2)

Glaucoma. Chirwere cheziso ichi chinokonzerwa nekukuvadzwa kwetsinga yemaziso. Inogona kukanganisa chiono.

Presbyopia. Zvichienderana nezera, zvinoenderana nekurasikirwa kunoenderera mberi kwesimba reziso rekugadzirisa. Izvo zvinokonzerwa nekurasikirwa kwekunaka kwe lens.

Pharmacological kurapwa. Zvichienderana nehutachiona, mishonga yakasiyana inogona kurongerwa, kusanganisira madonhwe eziso (madonhwe eziso). (3)

Symptomatic kurapwa. Kune mamwe ma pathologies, kupfeka magirazi, kunyanya magirazi ane tinted, anogona kurongerwa. (4)

Kuvhiya kurapwa. Zvichienderana nerudzi rwechirwere, kuvhiyiwa kunogona kuitwa senge, semuenzaniso, kubviswa kwe lens uye kuiswa kweiyo lens yekugadzira mune dzimwe nyaya dzecataract.

Kuongorora muviri. Kuongororwa kwebasa remucheche kunoitwa zvakarongeka panguva yekuongorora kwemaziso (semuenzaniso: fundus). Inobvumira ruzivo rwakawanda kuti rupiwe.

Pharmacological kuongorora. Pharmacological bvunzo ine kunyanya apraclonidine, kana kunyange pilocarpine inogona kuitwa kuti ione shanduko mune pupillary reaction. (3)

Medical imaging kuongorora. MRI, magnetic resonance angiography, computed tomography kana kunyange pupillography inogona kushandiswa kupedza kuongororwa.

Kuonekwa kwemaziso matsvuku mumufananidzo kune hukama nechoroid, imwe ye membrane yebhobhu yeziso, iyo yakapfuma mutsinga dzeropa. Kana mufananidzo ukatorwa, kupenya kungangoerekana kwavheneka maziso. Mudzidzi saka haana nguva yekudzosera uye anorega kuoneka tsvuku choroid. (1)