Mupfungwa dzevanhu vemazuva ano, pfungwa yezvinomera, sechinhu chinosungirwa chekuita zvemweya, inobatanidzwa zvakanyanya neEastern (Vedic, Buddhist) tsika uye maonero enyika. Zvisinei, chikonzero chepfungwa yakadaro hachisi zvachose kuti tsika uye dzidziso yechiKristu haina pfungwa yekuramba nyama. Izvo zvakasiyana: kubva pakutanga kwekubuda kwechiKristu muRussia, nzira yaro yaive imwe "mutemo wekubvumirana" nezvinodiwa nevanhuwo zvavo, avo vaisada "kupinda mukati" mukuita zvemweya, uye ne zvido zvevaya vari kutonga. Muenzaniso wemifananidzo ndeye "Nhoroondo pamusoro pesarudzo yekutenda naPrince Vladimir", iri mu "Tale of Bygone Years" ye986. Pamusoro pechikonzero chokurambwa kwechiIslam naVladimir, ngano yacho inoti: “Asi izvi ndizvo zvaakanga asingafariri: kudzingiswa uye kurega nyama yenguruve, uye pamusoro pokunwa, kunyange zvikuru, iye akati: “Hatigoni kuva pasina iyo, nokuti mafaro muRus ari kunwa." Kazhinji mutsara uyu unodudzirwa sekutanga kwekupararira uye propaganda yekudhakwa pakati pevanhu veRussia. Yatarisana nokufunga kwakadaro kwevezvamatongerwe enyika, chechi haina kuparidza zvakafara pamusoro pedikanwo yokurega nyama newaini nokuda kwemhomho huru yavatendi. Mamiriro ekunze uye tsika dzekudyara dzakasimbiswa dzeRus' hadzina kugovera kune izvi zvakare. Mhosva chete yekurega nyama, inozivikanwa kune vese mamongi uye vatendi, iGreat Lent. Ichi chinyorwa chinogona kunzi chakanyanya kukosha kune chero munhu anotenda weOrthodox. Inonziwo Holy Fortecost, mukurangarira mazuva 40 okutsanya kwaJesu Kristu, ari murenje. Mazuva makumi mana akakodzera (masvondo matanhatu) anoteverwa neVhiki Tsvene - kurangarira kutambura (zvishuwo) zvaKristu, izvo Muponesi wenyika akazvidira kuti aregeredze zvivi zvevanhu. Vhiki Dzvene inopera nehoridhe huru uye inopenya yeChristian - Isita kana Kumuka kwaKristu. Pamazuva ose ekutsanya, zvinorambidzwa kudya "kutsanya" zvokudya: nyama uye zvigadzirwa zvemukaka. Zvakare zvinorambidzwa zvachose kusvuta uye kunwa zvinwiwa zvinodhaka. Gwaro rechechi rinobvumira paMigovera neSvondo yeGreat Lent kunwa zvisingapfuure krasovuli nhatu (mudziyo wakakura sechibhakera chakakoswa) chewaini pakudya. Hove inotenderwa kudyiwa chete nevasina simba, semusiyano. Nhasi, panguva yekutsanya, macafes mazhinji anopa menyu yakakosha, uye keke, mayonnaise uye zvimwe zvakapararira zvisina mazai zvigadzirwa zvinoonekwa muzvitoro. Maererano neBhuku raGenesi, pakutanga, pazuva rechitanhatu rokusika, Jehovha akabvumira munhu nemhuka dzose zvokudya zvomuriwo bedzi: “Tarirai, ndakakupai miriwo yose inobereka mbeu, iri panyika yose, nemiti yose inobereka michero. zvomuti unobereka mhodzi: izvi zvichava zvokudya zvenyu” (1.29:XNUMX). Hapana munhu kana mhuka ipi neipi yakambourayana uye yaisakuvadzana. Nhambo yapasi rose ya“vanodya mirivo” yakapfuurira kutozosvikira panguva youshati hwavanhu pamberi paMafashamo enyika yose. Zvikamu zvizhinji zvenhorondo yeTestamente Yekare zvinoratidza kuti mvumo yekudya nyama ingori mvumo kune chishuwo chakasindimara chemunhu. Ndicho chikonzero nei, apo vanhu vaIsraeri vakabuda muEgipita, vachiratidzira uranda hwomudzimu pamavambo enhau yacho, mubvunzo wokuti “ndiani achatidyisa nyama?” (Num. 11:4) rinotorwa neBhaibheri se“chifemo” – chishuvo chenhema chemweya wemunhu. Bhuku raNumeri rinotaura kuti, vasingagutsikani nemana yakatumirwa kwavari naJehovha, vaJudha vakatanga kugunun’una, vachikumbira nyama kuti vadye. Jehovha akatsamwa akavatumira zvihuta, asi mangwanani akatevera vose vakadya shiri vakarohwa nedenda: “33. Nyama yakanga ichiri mumeno uye yakanga isati yadyiwa, apo hasha dzaJehovha dzakapfuta pamusoro pavanhu, Jehovha akarova vanhu nedenda guru kwazvo. 34 Zvino vakatumidza nzvimbo iyi zita rekuti: Kibhuroti-Gataavha, nokuti ndipo pavakaviga vanhu vaiva nemashiripiti ”(Num. 11: 33-34). Kudya nyama yemhuka yechibairo kwaiva, kutanga kwezvose, chirevo chekufananidzira (chibayiro kuna Wamasimba Ose wezvishuvo zvemhuka zvinotungamirira kuchivi). Gamuchidzanwa rekare, panguva iyeyo rakabatanidzwa muMutemo waMosesi, rakafunga, kutaura idi, kushandiswa kwetsika bedzi kwenyama. Testamende Itsva ine tsananguro dzinoverengeka dzisingabvumirani nepfungwa yekudya miriwo. Somuenzaniso, chishamiso chakakurumbira apo Jesu akadyisa vanhu vakawanda nehove mbiri nezvingwa zvishanu ( Mateu 15:36 ). Zvisinei, munhu haafaniri kuyeuka kwete chete chaiyo, asiwo chirevo chekufananidzira chechiitiko ichi. Chiratidzo chehove chaive chiratidzo chakavanzika uye password yeshoko, yakabva pashoko rechiGiriki ichthus, hove. Kutaura idi, yakanga iri acrostic inoumbwa namavara makuru eshoko rechiGiriki: “Iesous Christos Theou Uios Soter” - “Jesu Kristu, Mwanakomana waMwari, Muponesi.” Zvinogara zvichitaurwa nezvehove zvinomiririra Kristu, uye hazvina chekuita nekudya hove dzakafa. Asi chiratidzo chehove hachina kutenderwa nevaRoma. Vakasarudza chiratidzo chomuchinjikwa, vachisarudza kunyanya kukoshesa rufu rwaJesu pane kufunga nezvoupenyu hwake hwaishamisa. Nhoroondo yeshanduro dzeEvhangeri mumitauro yakasiyana-siyana yenyika inofanirwa kuongororwa kwakasiyana. Somuenzaniso, kunyange muBhaibheri rechiNgezi renguva yaMambo George, chiverengero chakati chenzvimbo muEvhangeri umo mashoko echiGiriki okuti “trophe” (zvokudya) uye “broma” (zvokudya) akashandurwa se“nyama”. Sezvineiwo, mushanduro yeSinodhi yeOrthodox muchiRussian, zvizhinji zveizvi zvisina kururama zvakaruramiswa. Zvisinei, ndima yaJohani Mubhabhatidzi inotaura kuti akadya “mhashu”, iyo inowanzodudzirwa se“rudzi rwemhashu” (Mat. 3,4). Kutaura zvazviri, shoko rechiGiriki rokuti “mhashu” rinoreva muchero wepseudo-acacia kana kuti carob tree, chaiva chingwa chaSt. John. Muchivanhu chevapostora, tinowana zvirevo zvezvakanakira kurega nyama yehupenyu hwemweya. Muapostora Pauro tinowana kuti: “Zviri nani kusadya nyama, kusanwa waini, uye kusaita chinhu chipi nechipi chingagumbusa hama yako kana kuti inogumburwa kana kuti inopera simba.” (VaR. 14:21). “Naizvozvo, kana zvokudya zvichigumbusa hama yangu, handingatongodyi nyama, kuti ndirege kugumbusa hama yangu.” ( 1 VaK. 8: 13). Eusebius, Bhishopi weKesariya yePalestine neNicephorus, vanyori venhoroondo dzechechi, vakachengeta mumabhuku avo uchapupu hwaPhilo, muzivi wechiJudha, akararama panguva imwe cheteyo nevaapostora. Achirumbidza hupenyu hwakanaka hwevaKristu vekuEgipita, anoti: “Ivo (kureva VaKristu) vanosiya kunetseka kwese kwepfuma yenguva pfupi uye havatarisi minda yavo, vasingafungi chero chinhu chiri pasi pano chavo, chinodiwa kwavari. <...> Hapana kana mumwe wavo anonwa waini, uye vose havadyi nyama, asi vachiwedzera munyu nehisopi (huswa hunovava) pachingwa nemvura. Iyo yakakurumbira "Charter of the hermit life" yeSt. Anthony the Great (251-356), mumwe wevatangi veInstitute of monasticism. Muchitsauko "Pakudya" St. Anthony anonyora kuti: (37) “Musambodya nyama”, (38) “musaswedera pedyo nenzvimbo inorodza waini.” Mashoko aya akasiyana sei nemifananidzo yemafuta inoparadzirwa zvakafara, kwete mamongi akapengereka ane kapu yewaini muruoko rumwe uye ham ine muto mune rumwe! Zvinotaurwa nezvekurambwa kwenyama, pamwe chete nemamwe maitiro ekushanda kwemweya, zviri muzvinyorwa zvehupenyu hwevakawanda vakakurumbira vanozvinyima. “Upenyu hwaSergius weRadonezh, Muiti Wezvishamiso” inoshuma, kuti: “Kubvira pamazuva okutanga amene oupenyu hwake, mucheche airatidzira amene kuva anokurumidza zvikuru. Vabereki nevaiva pedyo nemwana vakatanga kuona kuti akanga asingadyi mukaka waamai neChitatu neChishanu; haana kubata minyatso yamai vake pane mamwe mazuva paakadya nyama; amai vachiona izvi, vakaramba zvachose kudya nyama. “Upenyu” hunopupurira, kuti: “Achizviwanira amene zvokudya, mumongi akachengeta kutsanya kwakasimba zvikuru, aidya kamwe pazuva, uye paChitatu neChishanu akarega chose chose zvokudya. Pavhiki rokutanga reKutsanya Kutsvene, haana kudya kusvikira Mugovera, apo akagamuchira Komunioni yeZvakavanzika Zvitsvene. HYPERLINK “” Mukupisa kwechirimo, mufundisi aiunganidza uswa mumachakwi kuti aise mupfudze mubindu; umhutu hwakamuruma zvisina tsitsi, asi akatsungirira nokusava nehanya uku kutambura, achiti: “Chishuvo chinoparadzwa nokutambura nokusuwa, zvingava zvisina mwero kana kuti zvinotumwa noRubatsiro.” Kweanenge makore matatu, mumongi uyu aidya muriwo mumwe chete, goutweed, uyo waikura wakapoteredza sero rake. Panewo zviyeuchidzo zvekuti St. Seraphim akadyisa bheya hombe nechingwa chaakaunzwa kubva kumusha wemamongi. Somuenzaniso, Blessed Matrona Anemnyasevskaya (XIX remakore) akanga ari bofu kubva pauduku. Aicherechedza zvinyorwa kunyanya. Kubva ndiine makore gumi nemanomwe handina kumbodya nyama. Mukuwedzera kuChitatu neChishanu, akachengeta kutsanya kumwe cheteko paMivhuro. Panguva yekutsanya kwechechi, aisadya chero chinhu kana kudya zvishoma. Martyr Eugene, Metropolitan yeNizhny Novgorod XX remakore) kubva muna 1927 kusvika muna 1929 akanga ari muhutapwa munharaunda yeZyryansk (Komi AO). Vladyka aikurumidza kukurumidza uye, pasinei nemamiriro ezvinhu ehupenyu hwemusasa, haana kumbodya nyama kana hove kana yakapiwa panguva isina kunaka. Mune chimwe chezvikamu, mutambi mukuru, baba Anatoly, anoti: - Tengesa zvose zvakachena. – Zvese? - Chenesa zvese. Hu? Zvitengese, haungazvidembi. Kune nguruve yako, ndakanzwa kuti vachapa mari yakanaka.
2022-11-11