Mukati
Kurota kwemurimi igwenzi rakasvibirira, rine hutano hwemaruva. Asi roses, sezvimwe zvirimwa zvese, zvinokanganiswa nezvipembenene nezvirwere zvinogona kuitika kunyangwe nekutarisirwa kwakanaka. Usatya kana iwe ukangoerekana waona shizha rakakanganiswa - izvi hazvirevi kuti rose richafa. Ndezvipi zvirwere zve roses uye kuti ungazvidzivirira sei kubva kwavari munyaya ino.
Chikonzero chinogona kunge chiri kushaya chikafu kana mamiriro ekunze akaipa. Kuti ubudirire kurima roses, unofanirwa kukwanisa kuona zviratidzo zvekukuvara kwechirwere kuitira kutora matanho anodiwa munguva uye kubatsira chirimwa kurarama nedenda.
Zvirwere
Pakusarudza marudzi emaruva, varimi vanoteerera maitiro avo. Zvechokwadi, unofanira kunzwisisa kuti kana zvakanyorwa kuti zvakasiyana-siyana zvinopesana nezvirwere, izvi hazvirevi kuti muenzaniso uyu hauzomborwara. Nokudaro, zvakakosha kukwanisa kusiyanisa zviratidzo zvezvirwere zverose uye kuita kugadzirisa panguva yakakodzera. Zvirwere zvikuru zve roses:
- A ngozi fungal chirwere pink mučnistaâ. Kazhinji inokanganisa zvirimwa muzhizha uye kutanga kwematsutso. Kana yatapukirwa, jira jena rinoonekwa pamashizha uye mashizha, mashizha anotanga kupeta uye kudonha. Inobatsira pakuonekwa kwechirwere ichi kudyara kwakaoma, ivhu rakaoma, kushaya calcium uye yakawandisa nitrogen fertilizer. Zvakakosha kutanga kugadzira zvirimwa pachiratidzo chekutanga chekutanga kwechirwere. Kupfapfaidza nefoundationazole kana phytosporin kunoitwa kakawanda kusvikira chiratidzo chechirwere chanyangarika. Kana kurapwa kusingabatsiri, unoda kubvisa gwenzi rakakanganiswa pamwe chete nechikamu chevhu. Usasiya mashizha akawa.
Powdery mildew pamaruva - ngura. Chikonzero chechirwere ichi chinonzi ngura fungus. Guruva reOrange rinotanga kuoneka padhuze nebuds uye mudzi collar, ipapo mavara ebrown anogona kuonekwa pamashizha. Iyo fungus inobvisa michero kubva kune rose, iyo inogona kutungamirira kurufu rwechirimwa. Miti yakakanganiswa nemashizha inofanira kubviswa. Bordeaux liquid inoshandiswa kudzivirira uye kurapwa.
Kuonekwa kwediki yero maumbirwo pamaruva anoratidza kukuvadzwa ngura. - Chirwere chakaipisisa nhema nzvimbo. Mashizha anokurumidza kuvharwa nemavara matema makuru uye anodonha. Chirimwa chacho chinogona kurasikirwa nemashizha ose ndokufa. Kuomesa kurwisa chirwere ichi inyaya yekuti inokanganisa chirimwa mukutanga kwechirimo, uye zviratidzo zvinooneka zvekukuvadza zvinoonekwa chete pakati pezhizha. Kudzivirira kupararira kwehutachiona, mashizha ose akadonha anofanira kuunganidzwa uye kupiswa. Muchirimo, nokukurumidza apo mashizha anotanga kuputika, zvakakosha kurapa nemhangura-ine gadziriro, yakadai semhangura sulfate, Bordeaux musanganiswa. Kana zviratidzo zvechirwere zvikaonekwa, rapazve muzhizha. Iwe unofanirwawo kupfapfaidza ivhu rakatenderedza chirimwa, sezvo pathogenic fungus inogona kuramba iri muvhu.
Mashizha erozi akatsvuka ane chitarisiko chemavara matema anoratidza gwapa dema - ruvara rwepepuru. Ichi hachisi chirwere chine ngozi chakadaro. Kana ichinge ichionekwa, iyo inoratidzwa neasina kuumbwa mavara, zvakakwana kuvandudza mvura, mulch ivhu uye kudyisa chirimwa nefotereza yakaoma.
Kupenya kwepepuru pamashizha eruvara - Kenza yebhakitiriya. Chimwe chirwere chine ngozi. Inoratidzika seruvara rwebrown rinoonekwa padzinde. Makwati anotsemuka uye nhungirwa inofa. Dzinde dzine chirwere dzinofanira kuchekwa uye kupiswa. Iyo fungus inokonzera chirwere ichi inowanzopinda kana madzinde akakuvadzwa nemichina. Nokudaro, zvakakosha zvikuru kuchengetedza secateurs yakachena uye kubata mitsetse yekucheka nemhinduro yewaini. Mushure mekunge maita hutsanana kuchekerera, fudza gwenzi nefotereza yakaoma. Usati wavhara roses yechando, mashizha uye mashizha asina kuibva anofanira kubviswa, makwenzi anofanira kusaswa nemhangura-ine gadziriro.
Kenza isingagoneki yedzinde rerozi - Kusvava. Pane zvikonzero zvakawanda nei, kutanga kubva pamuromo, kupfura kunopera. Chiitiko chakadaro chinogona kutanga mushure me stem frostbite, powdery mildew kana chirwere chemavara madema, nekushayikwa kwezvokudya zvinovaka muviri - potassium, calcium uye phosphorus. Kupfeka kwepamusoro kunofanirwa kuitwa zvinoenderana nehurongwa kutanga mukutanga kwechirimo. Miti yakakanganiswa inofanira kuchekwa kune bud iri pasi penzvimbo yakakanganiswa.
Tafura inoratidza zvirwere zvakajairika zverose, hutachiona hwavo uye kurapwa.
| zita | zviratidzo | Sei uye chii chokurapa |
|---|---|---|
| grey mold | Chirwere ichi chinoonekwa muchirimo mushure mekuchengetwa kwembeu uye mushure mekugara kwechando, mavara ebrown anoonekwa pamashizha uye madzinde, achishanduka kuita grey fluffy kuora. Iyo causative agent yefungus iBotrytis cinerea Pers. | Bvisa mashizha nemashizha akakuvadzwa nechirwere, pfapfaidza rosi, mbeu uye nzvimbo yekuchengetedza nefungicides - Fundazol, Benlat, Teldor, Maxim. |
| anthracnose | Shizha rakafukidzwa nemavara madiki matema, padanho rekutanga zviri nyore kuvhiringidza nemavara matema. Mukuita kwekukura kwechirwere, ruvara rwemavara runoshanduka kuva rutsvuku kana ruvara rwepepuru, mune ramangwana, maburi anogona kuumba panzvimbo dzemavara. Iyo causative agent yefungus is Sphaceloma rosarum. | Bvisa uye uparadze zvikamu zvinorwara zverozi uye pfapfaidza nefungicides. Inonyanya kukodzera: Ridomil Goridhe, Fundazol, Profit uye Topazi. Reprocessing inogona kudiwa. |
| Cerkosporoz | Imwe yemhando dzakasiyana dzemarosi ane mavara, madiki akawanda ebrown mavara ane rima remuganho fomu padivi repamusoro peshizha. Sezvo chirwere ichi chichienderera mberi, pakati pemakwapa panoita grey uye mipendero inova yepepuru yakasviba. Iyo causative agent yechirwere ichi fungus - Cercospora rosiola Pass. | Inobatwa zvakafanana kune dema, nekubvisa zvikamu zvine hutachiona zverose uye kupfapfaidza. |
| septoria | Chirwere ichi nenzira dzakawanda dzakafanana nemamwe mavara, shizha rakafukidzwa nemavara akawanda erima, anopenya pakati nekufamba kwenguva, achisiya muganhu wakaoma. Icho chinokonzera chirwere chechirwere fungus - Septoria rosae Desm. | Inobatwa zvakafanana kune dema, nekubvisa zvikamu zvine hutachiona zverose uye kupfapfaidza. |
| Pestalozziosis | Mavara ebrown anoonekwa pamicheto yemashizha, achikura akananga pakati, muganho wemashizha ane hutano uye akakanganiswa mashizha kazhinji ane hunhu hweyero. Iyo causative agent yefungus iPestalotia rosae West. | Bvisa madzinde nemashizha ane chirwere, pfapfaidza rose rose nefungicides: stems, mashizha, buds. Bordeaux liquid, Topazi, Abiga-Peak yakakodzera. |
| Downy chakuvhe | Iyo nhungirwa yakafukidzwa nediki dzvuku-brown makwapa, mashizha anova machena machena uye anokura zvisina kunaka, zvishoma nezvishoma anoshanduka uye anodonha. Chirwere chacho chinogona kuvhiringidzika nekupisa kwemakemikari. Chirwere chinokonzera chirwere ichi fungus - Pseudoperonospora sparsa. | Zvakakosha kubvisa zvikamu zve rose zvakakanganiswa nechirwere (mashizha, stems). Pfaya rosi gwenzi uye ivhu rakaripoteredza nefungicides. Profit, Ridomil Goridhe, Fundazol. |
| Mučnistaâ pink | Zvikamu zverozi zvakafukidzwa negrey powdery mavara. Kazhinji chirwere chinokuvadza mashizha, madzinde uye buds emaruva. Iyo causative agent yefungus is Sphaerotheca pannosa | Zvakakosha kubvisa zvikamu zvemiti inobatwa nechirwere. Pfaya nefungicides - Bactofit, Skor, Topaz, Fitosporin. Ipa kuwana mhepo yakachena kune rose. |
| Nzvimbo nhema | Rosi gwenzi rakafukidzwa nemavara madema kana mashava, kazhinji chirwere chinokuvadza mashizha emaruva. Iyo inokonzera chirwere chechirwere fungus - Marssonina rosae | Izvo zvinodikanwa kubvisa zvikamu zverose gwenzi rakakuvadzwa nechirwere uye kupfapfaidza nefungicides. Ridomil Goridhe, Fundazol, Profit yakakodzera. |
| ngura | Kukura kwakaita ngura kunoumba padzinde nemashizha. Mashizha anopera simba, anopenya uye anodonha. Mashizha, madzinde uye buds eroses zvinonyanya kubatwa nezvirwere. Iyo causative agent yefungus ndeye Phragmidium | Izvo zvinodiwa kubvisa zvikamu zvakakanganisika zve rose, kutenderera mweya mutsva uye spray. Topazi, Abiga-Peak yakakodzera kushandiswa, Bordeaux musanganiswa uye mhinduro yemhangura sulphate inogona kushandiswa. Multiple processing inodiwa. |
mavhairasi
Mukuwedzera kune zvirwere zvefungal, roses inogona kukanganiswa nemavhairasi. Izvi zvinosanganisira:
- Mosaic blotch virus. Unogona kuzviziva nemavara akareruka pamativi akasiyana echirimwa.
Mosaic blotch virus pane rose - Rose streak virus. Mashizha akapoteredza kumativi anoita seakakomberedzwa nemuganhu we burgundy.
Banding virus inoonekwa pamatipi emashizha erose
Zvirwere zvemavhairasi zveroses hazvirapwe. Zvakakosha kubvisa zvirimwa zvinorwara pamwe chete nemidzi uye chikamu chevhu. Makwenzi akabviswa anoda kupiswa. Dururira ivhu nemhinduro ye potassium permanganate, ivo vanofanirwawo kugadzira maturusi egadheni. Miti yakavakidzana inoda kurapwa nemishonga yekudzivirira zvirwere zvebhakitiriya. Itai kudyisa.
Kuti udzivise kuitika kweizvi nezvimwe zvirwere, unofanirwa kuongorora zvirimwa usati watenga mbesa uye / kana usati wadyara rosi. Uye ita nguva dzose kugadzirisa rosary.
Kudzora zvirwere
Kutarisira marozi kwakafanira kunovabatsira kurwisa zvirwere, asi hazvigoni kuvadzivirira zvachose. Nzira huru yekudzivirira pakuonekwa kwe, semuenzaniso, nzvimbo yakasviba kana powdery mildew ndiko kurapwa kwemiti nemishonga yezvipembenene. Paunenge uchiashandisa, zvakakosha kuchengeta matanho ari nyore ekuzvidzivirira.
Mwaya midziyo
Kana kukuvara kuri kudiki, sprayer yemaoko inogona kushandiswa. Kana iwe uchida kurapa nzvimbo yakakura, saka zviri nani kushandisa sprayer nepombi. Kuita kuti ive yakasununguka kutakura, sarudza vhoriyamu ye5 litres. Zvakakosha kuchengetedza chinhambwe chinokurudzirwa kune chirimwa paunenge uchipfira.
Spray kugadzirira
Mafungicides anodiwa kudzivirira zvirwere, kunyanya fungal. Kazhinji, kurapwa nefungicide kunoitwa kakawanda. Usati watanga kurapwa kwemiti, unoda kunyatsodzidza mirayiridzo yekushandiswa kwemishonga. Zvakakosha kutevera mazano ekuyerwa kwechirwere.
Zvakakosha! Usakanganwa kuti haugone kushandisa ndiro dzakamboshandiswa pakurapa herbicide.
Kupfapfaidza rinhi uye sei
Pane mimwe mitemo, inotevera iyo yausingazokuvadza marosi ako uye kuwedzera kushanda kweiyo maitiro:
- Kupfapfaidza kunoitwa pazuva rine makore uye rakadzikama.
- Mashizha emuti wacho anofanira kunge akaoma.
- Munguva yemaruva, kupfapfaidza kunoitwa manheru kuitira kuti kusakuvadza nyuchi.
- Unoda kupfapfaidza mativi eshizha kumusoro nepasi kusvika mvura yatanga kudonha kubva pavari.
- Gadzirisa sprayer kuitira kuti jet yakasimba yemhute inotungamirirwa pamaruva.
- Ita shuwa kuti mushonga haupindi paganda rako. Kupfapfaidza kunofanirwa kuitwa mune zvipfeko zvekudzivirira uye magurovhosi.
Kutanga varimi vanowanzogadzira rose gadheni sezvinodiwa pavanoona zviratidzo zvechirwere pavanenge vachiongorora marozi. Neiyi nzira, iwe unofanirwa kuve nediki seti yezvishandiso paruoko. Saka kudzivirira zvirwere zvinowanzoitika, unogona kushandisa "Derozal" kana "Terminator", ine carbendazim.
Nyanzvi dzinosarudza kugadzira marozi zvinoenderana nehurongwa mumwaka wese, uye shandisa akakosha maturusi chete muzviitiko zvekukurumidzira. Kurapa kukuru kunoitwa muna Chivabvu, Chikumi naGunyana. Makwenzi anopfapfaidzwa nemusanganiswa wepermetrin (mushonga wezvipembenene) uye carbendazim (fungicide). Pakati pemishonga iyi, mamwe masprayers ane carbendazim anogoneka kana paine dema kana kuti powdery mildew.
| boka | Hunhu | Mazita efungicides |
|---|---|---|
| Benzimidazoles | Vane maitiro ekugadzirisa, zvinokurudzirwa kushandiswa nekudiridza, zvinoparadzirwa zvakanaka mumiti yose nejusi rinovaka muviri. Yakanakisa pakurapa kwevakawanda fungal chirimwa zvirwere. Inogona kushandiswa seedling uye seed dressing agent. | Ferazim, Terminator, Derozal, Shtefazal, Bavemtin; Benlat, Fundazol, Agrocyte, Vial, Vincit, Tekto (fungicides ine zvinhu zvakasiyana zvinoshanda) |
| Triazole | Pinda mukati meshizha remuti, uchifamba kuseri kwekukura, chengetedza nhungirwa madiki kubva kuzvirwere, zvakanakisa pakurapa kwemhando dzakawanda dzefungal zvirwere zvezvirimwa. | Quick, Split, Topaz, Impact, Vincite, Vectra, Bayleton, Tosonite, Vial, Lospel, Real, Premis25, Raxil, Terrasil, Tilt, Sumi8, Falcon yakasanganiswa fungicide, Folicur yakasanganiswa, Shavit yakasanganiswa, Rex, Allegro Plus, Bumper, Alto (zvinodhaka zvine zvakasiyana-siyana zvinoshanda). |
| Carbamates | Vane maitiro ekugadzirisa, zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa mushonga wekudiridza seprophylactic agent, inopararira zvakanaka kuburikidza nevascular system yemiti. | Previkur, Tatu, Topsin-M, Cabrio Pamusoro (vane zvakasiyana-siyana zvinoshanda) |
| Hydroxyanilide | Iine inodzivirira systemic effect, haisi phytotoxic kuvanhu nemhuka, uye inyanzvi yekugadzirisa kuora uye powdery mildew. | Teldor |
| Piperazine derivatives | Vane kudzivirira uye kuporesa maitiro, zvakanaka kushandisa kurwisa powdery mildew, kuora uye grey mold. | Saprol |
| Pyrimidamines | Iine systemic effect, inoshandiswa zvakanaka kurwisa powdery mildew. | Rubigan, Milgo, Horus (fungicides ine zvakasiyana-siyana zvinoshanda) |
| Imidazoles | Inoshanda kurwisa powdery mildew uye mold. | Mirage, Sportak, Trifmin. |
| Zvinyorwa zve hydroxycarboxylic acids | Vane systemic effect, ivo vanoshandiswa sembeu uye mbeu yekupfekedza agent. | Vitavax, Carboxin |
| Dithiocarbamates | Ivo vane chiitiko chekubata, vanoshanda pakati pekurapa kwekusanganiswa nemamwe fungicides. | Polycarbacin; Ditan, Acrobat (mancozeb); Antrakol; Ridomil-Gold yakasanganiswa (mancozeb, metalaxyl); Cabrio Pamusoro (fungicides ine zvakasiyana-siyana zvinoshanda). |
| Organophosphorus | Inoshanda kurwisa downy mildew, powdery mildew uye grey mold. | Allett, aluminium fosetil, Efal, Mitsu Alufit Afugan |
| Amino acid derivatives | Iyo ine systemic mhedzisiro, imwe chete application inokurudzirwa. Inoshanda mukurapa downy mildew. | Metalaxil, Ridomil, Alacid, Apron, Creptan, Sandofan, Arceride, Maxim, metalaxyl-M |
| Acetamides uye oxazolidine derivatives | Inoshanda kunonoka blight, Alternaria, mildew. | Thanos - yakasanganiswa |
| Strobilurins | Iine systemic effect, inopinda zvakanaka mumatanho emiti, inokwanisa kufamba shure kwekukura kwekukura, kudzivirira mashizha. Iyo ine yakanyanya kupikisa kune tembiricha yakanyanyisa, inokurudzirwa seyakanakisa prophylactic agent. Iine huwandu hwakawanda hwekuita, hunoshanda kune dzakawanda fungal zvirwere. | Strobi, Flint, Quadris, Cabrio Pamusoro (fungicides ine zvinhu zvakasiyana zvinoshanda) |
Mushure mekumwaya
Mushure mekupedza kushandiswa kwemiti, unoda kunyatsosuka midziyo inoshandiswa, wozogeza maoko ako nechiso. Izvo zvakasara zvemusanganiswa wekupfira zvirimwa hazvigone kuchengetwa. Nguva imwe neimwe zvakakosha kugadzirira mhinduro itsva.
Zvakakosha kuchengeta mishonga inoshandiswa pakufirita panzvimbo isina njodzi isingasviki nevana. Usazvichengete mumagaba kana mumabhodhoro ane mavara asinganyatso kunyorwa kana asina. Crockery mushure mekushandiswa kwezviri mukati inofanira kuraswa.
Matambudziko mukukura marozi akafanana nezvirwere
Kana, paunenge uchikura roses, wakaona kuderera mukukura kwegwenzi, kutaridzika kwemavara pamashizha, izvi hazviwanzoratidza chirwere chechirimwa. Izvi zvinogona kunge zvakakonzerwa nenzvimbo yekudyara isiriyo kana kushomeka kwemicronutrient. Ngatitarisei zvakanyanya matambudziko aungasangana nawo.
- Kushaikwa kwezvokudya zvinovaka muviri. Murimi ane ruzivo anogona kuona nekuonekwa kwechirimwa icho chinhu chinoshaikwa chirimwa uye kugadzirisa chirongwa chekudya.
- Nitrogen kushomeka. Mashizha madiki anova madiki, ruvara rwavo rwakatsvuka, vanodonha pamberi penguva. Dzimwe nguva unogona kuona mavara matsvuku pavari. Madzinde anopera simba uye anokotama.
- Phosphorus kushomeka. Mashizha madiki anova rima rakasvibira rine red-violet tint. Madzinde akamonyoroka.
- Kushaikwa kwePotassium. Kazhinji inowanikwa muvhu rejecha. Mashizha madiki anotora tint dzvuku, uye vanhu vakuru vanooma kumacheto. Maruva ari kupera.
- Magnesium inoshaya. Mashizha, kutanga kubva pakati, anoshanduka akacheneruka, nyama inofa, uye shizha rinodonha.
- kushaya simbi. Mashizha akafukidzwa nemavara eyero, nhungirwa diki dzinoshanduka yero zvachose. Muchiitiko ichi, matanho anokosha anodiwa. Zvakakosha kuderedza chiyero che lime muvhu. Iyo "MultiTonic" fetiraiza ichaita zvakakwana nebasa racho.
- Kutonhora kwezvirimwa. Kuti uone kuti gwenzi rako rakakuvadzwa nechando, unogona nekuonekwa kwayo. Mashizha akabatwa anosvava, oita matete, kubvaruka, uye mavara ebrown anoonekwa kumacheto. Munzvimbo dzine chando chechando, zvinomera zvinoda pokugara, izvo zvinobviswa chete mushure mokunge chando chapfuura, asi kusati kwatanga nguva yekukura (budding).
- Mvura inomira pamidzi. Zviratidzo zvekunze zvakafanana neaya anoratidza kushaikwa kwemanganese, asi munyaya iyi, mitsipa yemashizha inotanga kushanduka yero, uye ipapo tsvina inopararira pamwe chete neshizha. Roses inoda mvura yakanaka, iyo inofanirwa kutarisirwa kana uchidyara gwenzi.
- Kukuvadzwa kwemishonga yesora. Kana mishonga yesora ikaiswa netsaona kumarozi paunenge uchishanda patsangadzi, unogona kuona mashizha echirimwa achitanga kumonyoroka achitenderera, madzinde acho achitsvuka nekukotama. Aya nhungirwa anofanira kubviswa. Kuti udzivise kukuvadzwa kwakadaro, usashandise mhondi dzemasora pazuva rine mhepo, usashandise imwe chete yekudiridza gaba kuti uuraye uswa uye kudiridza roses.
- Kusavhurwa kwemabuds. Dzimwe nguva unogona kuona kuti bud rinowanzogadzirwa harivhurike, mapeti ayo anotanga kushanduka. Chikonzero chinogona kunge chakanyanyisa kunyorova, kushaya zuva.
Mazano eKukura Roses
Zvechokwadi, hazvizokwanisi kudzivisa zvachose matambudziko mukukura iri ruva rakanaka. Kutevedzera mitemo yakapusa uye kuita matanho ekudzivirira kuchakuponesa kubva kumatambudziko mazhinji anomuka panguva yekukura nekutumbuka kwegwenzi:
- Nyatsoongorora mbesa usati watenga. Midzi yakasimba uye nhungirwa dzakasimba zvakakosha. Mbesa hadzifanire kuratidza zviratidzo zvezvirwere kana zvipembenene.
- Dyara roses chete munzvimbo dzakakodzera kwavari. Roses anoda chiedza, haafariri mhepo yekuchamhembe nekuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva, haigoni kumira kuitika kwepedyo kwemvura yepasi uye acidity yakasimba yevhu. Nzvimbo yakakodzera ichakuponesa kubva kumatambudziko ane chokuita nekunyorova, kutonhora, kushaya chiedza uye kuzununguka kwegwenzi nemhepo.
- Nguva dzose bvisa mashizha akawa uye kubvisa nhungirwa. Mashizha akabatwa nenhungirwa anofanira kupiswa. Haukwanise kuaisa mucompost.
- Gadzirira ivhu zvakanaka. Zvakakosha kupa mvura uye kuwanikwa kwezvokudya muvhu.
- Dyisa marozi ako nenzira kwayo. Panguva dzakasiyana dzegore, makwenzi anoda seti yakasiyana yemaminerari. Usawedzera lime yakawandisa muvhu.
- Tarisa zvirimwa zvako nguva nenguva. Ita chiito pazviratidzo zvekutanga zvechirwere.
- Dhavhara uye fukura marozi nenguva. Pamberi pechando, bvisa mashizha ose uye nhungirwa dzine chirwere. Mushure mekubvisa pekugara, ita kurapa kwekudzivirira nemagadzirirwo ane mhangura.
mhedziso
Nekutarisirwa kwakakodzera, makwenzi akasimuka acharamba ari iwo makuru ekushongedza kwenguva yakareba uye achafadzwa nechimiro chakanaka uye maruva ane maruva.