Scutellinia (Scutellinia) mufananidzo uye tsananguro

Scutellinia (Scutellinia)

• Ciliaria Chii.
• Humariella J. Schröt.
• Melastiziella Svrcek
• Stereolachnea Hohn.
• Trichaleurina Rehm
• Trichaleuris Clem.
• Ciliaria Chii. ex Boud.

Scutellinia imhando yefungi mumhuri yePyronemataceae, muhurongwa hwePezizales. Kune akatiwandei gumi nemaviri emhando mujenasi, anopfuura makumi matanhatu marudzi anotsanangurwa zvakadzama, muhuwandu, maererano neakasiyana masosi, anenge mazana maviri anotarisirwa.

Mutero weScutellinia wakagadzirwa muna 1887 naJean Baptiste Émile Lambotte, akasimudza subgenus Peziza subgen., yaivepo kubvira 1879, kusvika pachinhanho che genus.

Howa dzine miviri miduku yezvibereko mumhando yemakapu maduku kana saucers, inogona kuva concave kana flat, yakafukidzwa nevhudzi rakanaka kumativi. Vanokura paivhu, mossy matombo, huni uye mamwe organic substrates. Inner fruiting surface (ine hymenophore) inogona kuva chena, orenji kana yakasiyana-siyana tsvuku tsvuku, kunze, sterile - yakafanana ruvara kana shava, yakafukidzwa nekatete bristle. Setae brown kusvika kutema, yakaoma, yakanongedza.

Muviri we fruiting uri sessile, kazhinji usina tsinde (ine "mudzi wechikamu").

Spores ihyaline, spherical, ellipsoid kana spindle-shaped ine madonhwe akawanda. Iyo pamusoro peiyo spores yakashongedzwa zvakanaka, yakafukidzwa newarts kana spines yehukuru hwakasiyana.

Mhuka idzi dzakanyanya kufanana mumorphology, imwe yemhando yemhando inogoneka chete pahwaro hwemicroscopic ruzivo rwechimiro.

Iko kudyiwa kweScutellinia hakukurukurwi zvakanyanya, kunyange zvazvo kune zvinyorwa mumabhuku kune zvinonzi edible yemamwe marudzi "makuru": howa iduku zvikuru kuti ionekwe kubva kune gastronomic maonero. Nekudaro, hapana kutaurwa nezve toxicity yavo chero kupi.

Rudzi rwemuzambiringa - Scutellinia scutellata (L.) Lambotte

• Scutellinia saucer
• Scutellinia thyroid
• Peziza scutellata L., 1753
• Helvesla ciliata Scop., 1772
• Elvela ciliata Scop., 1772
• Peziza ciliata (Scop.) Hoffm., 1790
• Peziza scutellata Schumach., 1803
• Peziza aurantiaca Vent., 1812
• Humaria scutellata (L.) Fuckel, 1870
• Lachnea scutellata (L.) Sacc., 1879
• Humariella scutellata (L.) J. Schröt., 1893
• Patella scutellata (L.) Morgan, 1902

Rudzi urwu rweScutellinia nderimwe remakuru, anoonekwa seanonyanyozivikanwa uye akadzidzwa. Muchokwadi, zvingangoita kuti mamwe eScutellinia anoonekwa seScutellinia saucer vamiriri vemamwe marudzi, sezvo kuzivikanwa kwakaitwa pane macro-maficha.

Muviri wechibereko S. scutellata idhisiki isina kudzika, kazhinji 0,2 kusvika 1 cm (yakareba 1,5 cm) muhupamhi. Mienzaniso yechidiki inenge yakazara spherical, saka, panguva yekukura, makapu anozaruka uye anowedzera, panguva yekukura anoshanduka kuva "saucer", disk.

Iyo yemukati memukombe (iyo yakaorera spore inonzi hymenium) yakatsetseka, yakatsvuka kuti piriviri kupenya kana kuti mutsvuku weorenji wakatsvuka kusvika kune dzvuku, ukuwo kunze (kusina kuchena) kwakacheneruka, kushava, kana kucheneruka orenji.

Kunze kwekunze kwakafukidzwa nevhudzi rakasviba rakaoma bristle, vhudzi refu refu rinokura pamucheto wemuviri we fruiting, apo dzinosvika 1,5 mm kureba. Pazasi, vhudzi iri rinosvika 40 µm gobvu uye taper kune akanongedza apices. Mvere dzinoumba hunhu "eyelashes" pamucheto wecalyx. Iyi cilia inoonekwa kunyange neziso rakashama kana kuti inonyatsooneka kuburikidza negirazi rinokudza.

gumbo: asipo, S. scutellata - "akagara" bend.

Pulp: machena muhowa maduku, ipapo tsvuku kana tsvuku, dzakaonda uye dzakasununguka, dzakapfava, dzine mvura.

Kunhuwa uye kuravira: pasina maitiro. Mamwe mabhuku anoratidza kuti pulp inonhuwa seruvara rweviolet kana yakakandwa.

Maikorosikopu

Spores (inonyanya kuoneka mulactophenol nedonje yebhuruu) ndeye elliptical 17–23 x 10,5–14 µm, yakatsetseka, asi isati yakura, uye inoramba yakadaro kwenguva yakareba, asi kana yakura, yakanyatsonamirwa newarts uye mbabvu dzinosvika pakukwirira. 1 µm; nemadonhwe mashoma emafuta.

Paraphyses ane matipi akazvimba 6-10 microns muhukuru.

Mvere dzepamucheto (“eyelashes”) 360-1600 x 20-50 microns, brownish muKOH, gobvu-madziro, akawanda-layered, ane matavi mabhesi.

Inowanikwa mumakondinendi ose kunze kweAntarctica neAfrica, uyewo pazvitsuwa zvakawanda. MuEurope, muganho wekuchamhembe wemuganhu unoenda kumhenderekedzo yekuchamhembe kweIceland uye 69 latitudes yeScandinavian Peninsula.

Inokura mumasango emhando dzakasiyana-siyana, mumasango uye munzvimbo dzakareruka, inofarira huni hunoora, asi inogona kuoneka pane chero marara echirimwa kana paivhu nyoro padyo nezvitsiga zvakaora.

Nguva ye fruiting ye S.scutellata inobva muchirimo kusvika matsutso. MuEurope - kubva pakupera kwematsutso kusvika pakupera kwematsutso, muNorth America - munguva yechando uye muchirimo.

Vose vamiririri vejenasi Scutellinia (Scutellinia) vakafanana zvikuru kune mumwe nemumwe.

Pakunyatsoongorora, munhu anogona kusiyanisa Scutellinia setosa: idiki, ruvara rwakanyanya kuyero, miviri yezvibereko inokura zvakanyanya pahuni substrate mumapoka makuru, akazara.

Miviri yemichero yakaita kapu, soso-yakaita sedhisiki kana dhisiki nezera, diki: 1 - 3, kusvika 5 mm muhupamhi, yero-orenji, orenji, tsvuku-orenji, ine gobvu "bvudzi" dema (setae) mupendero wemukombe.

Inokura mumasumbu makuru pahuni dzine hunyoro, dziri kuora.

Spores: Smooth, ellipsoid, 11–13 by 20–22 µm, ine madonhwe emafuta akawanda. Iyo asci (spore-bearing cells) inenge yakaita cylindrical muchimiro, inoyera 300-325 µm ne12-15 µm.

Pakutanga yakatsanangurwa kuEurope, inowanikwawo kuNorth neCentral America uko inokura pahuni dziri kuora dzemiti inodonha. Nzvimbo dzekuNorth America dzinowanzopa zita rayo se "Scutellinia erinaceus, inozivikanwawo seScutellinia setosa".

Fruiting: Zhizha uye matsutso, kubva munaJune kusvika Gumiguru kana Mbudzi mumamiriro ekunze anodziya.

Ndiro yemimvuri. Iyi imhando yakajairika yeEurope, inogadzira masumbu emaorenji discs anosvika 1,5 cm mudhayamita muzhizha uye matsutso pavhu kana huni hunoora. Iyo inofanana zvakanyanya ne congeners seScutellinia olivascens uye inogona kungozivikanwa yakavimbika ne microscopic maficha.

Paavhareji, S.umbrorum ine muviri une michero yakakura kudarika S.scutellata uye spores hombe, ine bvudzi pfupi uye risingaonekwe.

Scutellinia olivascens. Iri fungus rekuEurope rinoumba masumbu emaorenji discs anosvika 1,5 cm mudhayamita paivhu kana huni dziri kuora muzhizha nematsutso. Iyo yakafanana zvakanyanya neiyo yakajairika mhando Scutellinia umbrorum uye inogona chete yakavimbika kuzivikanwa ne microscopic maficha.

Mhando iyi yakatsanangurwa muna 1876 naModhekai Cooke sePeziza olivascens, asi Otto Kuntze akaiendesa kune genus Scutellinia muna 1891.

Scutellinia subhirtella. Muna 1971, nyanzvi yezvemycologist yeCzech Mirko Svrček akaitsaura kubva kune mienzaniso yakaunganidzwa mune yaimbova Czechoslovakia. Michero yemichero yefungus ndeyero-tsvuku kune tsvuku, duku, 2-5 mm muhupamhi. Spores inonzi hyaline (translucent), ellipsoid, 18–22 ne 12–14 µm muhukuru.

Mufananidzo: Alexander, mushroomexpert.com.