Bhandi repafudzi rinoumbwa nemapfupa anobatanidza mapendekete nehunde: saka inosanganisira iyo scapula (scapula) uye clavicle. Iyi seti yemapfupa inoshanda sekubatanidza kune iyo yekumusoro nhengo. Nekudaro, bhanhire repafudzi rinotora chikamu mukufamba kwenhengo dzepamusoro nekuvapa kufamba kwavo.

Ichi chimiro, icho chinobatanidza ruoko kune trunk, chine rusununguko rukuru rwekufamba. Izvo se "zvakabvunzwa" pachipfuva, kora iri pamberi, iyo scapula kumashure. Muchokwadi, kururamisa kwepafudzi kwakakodzera kunoda rusununguko rusununguko rwekufamba pakati peiyo scapula neruoko. 

«Ndokutenda bhanhire repafudzi iro vanhu vanokwanisa kuita kufamba kwakaomarara, senge kukwira, kukambaira kana kusungirira pamiti! ” inoratidza Futura-Sayenzi, rejista webhusaiti yakazvipira kumibvunzo yesainzi.

Chokwadi, iri bhanhire rinoshamisira rakagadzirwa nemapfupa anobatanidza mapendekete nehunde. Izvo zvinobva zvagadzirwa neiyo scapula (kana scapula) uye neiyo collarbone.

Mavambo etymological ezwi iri "scapular"Iri ishoko rechiLatin"scapulaZvinoreva kuti "fungidzira“. Nerusununguko rukuru rwekufamba, bhanhire repafudzi rinoratidzika kunge "rakaiswa" pachipfuva. Iyo collarbone yakamisikidzwa kumberi uye iyo scapula iri kumashure kumashure.

Chii chinonzi clavicle?

Ipfupa refu rine mativi maviri pamwe nezviso zviviri: kumeso kumeso kwakatsetseka, kunopa kuiswa kune trapezius mhasuru uye mhasuru ye deltoid, kumeso kumeso kwakashata uye kune matubhu.

Chii chinonzi scapula?

Iyo zvakare inonzi scapula, ine chimiro chekatatu iyo ine zviso zviviri, anterior kumeso biconcave kumberi, uye yekumashure kumeso kwakakamurwa nepakati nemusana wescapula.

Kunyanya chaizvo, iri bhonzo rakagadzika rinoita bhanhire rinoputika rinonyorwa, kune rumwe rutivi, neclavicle, uye kune rimwe divi, pane scapula, neacrionion (zita rechikamu chefupa rechisipula chinoumba yekumusoro uye yekumashure bony kubuda) uye nemuzongoza weiyo scapula (rwizi runomhanya nepashure pese pese paseri peiyo pfupa).

Iko kushanda kweiyi bhanhire repafudzi kushanda sechibatanidzo kunhengo yepamusoro, ruoko. Saka zvinoita nzvimbo yakakosha yekufamba iri padanho repafudzi. Nekudaro, kurongeka kwepafudzi kubatana kunoda kuzvimiririra kwekufamba pakati pechapapula neruoko.

Tsandanyama dzebhandi repafudzi dzine, muchokwadi, chiitiko chinodzikamisa, mamiriro erusununguko rwekufamba ruoko. Uye zvakare, iwe unofanirwa kuziva kuti iyo clavicle inoshanda zvakanyanya mukumanikidza, ndokuti "qukuInoendesa mutoro kubva kumakumbo ekumusoro kuenda kune axial skeleton kuburikidza neayo makuru axis", Inoratidza chinyorwa chesainzi chakaburitswa naJean-Luc Voisin, chiremba wepaleontology yevanhu. 

Uye zvakare, zvinoita sekunge zvakakosha kuti uchengetedze hukama pakati pebhanhire repafudzi uye remuromo wechibereko: kufamba kweyekupedzisira kuri, kazhinji, kunogoneswa nekushushikana kwetsandanyama dzepafudzi.

Pakupedzisira, bhanhire repafudzi rinotenderera rakatenderedza axis panoperera kora. Saka bendekete rinoshanduka kuita chimwe chimiro cheatomical, ichiumbwa nezvibatanidzwa zvinoverengeka zvinopindira mukubatana panguva yekufamba kweruoko.

Zvakawanda zvakashata kana pathologies zvinogona kukanganisa bhanhire repafudzi uye kunyanya:

• kukanganisa: munzvimbo dzisina kuenzana dzebhandi repafudzi, inowanzo kuve yakakwira uye kumberi. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekukakavadzana kwakanyanya mumapectorals, kumusoro trapezius uye / kana latissimus dorsi;
• osteoarthritis: rudzi urwu rwehurwere haruwanzoitika pabhandi repafudzi;
• periarthritis: kakawanda, vanogona kunge vachiremadza. Kurwadziwa kwese kunowanikwa munzvimbo ino yepafudzi inonziwo scapulalgia;
• tendonitis: vanogona kudzikisira kumwe kufamba;
• maronda: maronda, anowanzoitika, eiyo artical tata inomiririrwa nebhande repafudzi inosanganisira kuputsika kwechero pfupa rine hukama nefudzi kana scapula.

Kurapa kwekushomeka kwebhanhire repafudzi uye kunyanya maronda ayo kwakanyanya kunoenderana nemaitiro akagadziriswa, ayo anovavarira kudzikamisa nekusimbisa bhanhire iri, nekuda kwekupindira kweiyo physiotherapy nyanzvi.

Uye zvakare, zvine chekuita nekuremadza scapulalgia, manejimendi akawandisa uye anosanganisira:

• kutora nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAIDs) uye analgesics: izvi zvakagadzirirwa kubvisa marwadzo uye kudzikisa kuzvimba;
• majekiseni e cortisone anobatsira kurwisa kuzvimba;
• physiotherapy zvikamu zvakakosha kana paine kuderera kwehuwandu hwekufamba.

Kana kurapwa kwakadai kusingashande, kuvhiyiwa kunogona kutariswa, uko kuchazoteverwawo nekuvandudza kwefudzi.

Kuongororwa kwechirwere chakabatana nebhande repafudzi uye kunyanya scapulalgia, inokurudzira kuita:

• kuongororwa kwechipatara: nekuongorora kufamba kwepafudzi, nekuiunganidza nenzira inoshingaira uye isingashandisi, nekutsanangura nzvimbo dzekutambudzika pamwe nekuwedzera kwekutambudzika;
• kuongororwa kwekufungidzira kwekurapa kana zvichidikanwa, senge: x-ray yepafudzi, yemagineti resonance imaging (MRI) kana kunyange iyo ultrasound;
• kuongororwa kweropa: zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kunyanya kusimbisa chinhu chinopisa;
• an electromyogram: bvunzo iyi inoongorora mashandiro etsinga dzinopenga uye dzakareba dzetsinga mumamiriro ekumanikidza. Muchokwadi, iyo electromyogram inobvumidza kuongororwa kwemasimba etsinga mumota uye tsinga dzetsinga pamwe nemumhasuru.

A synthesis zvine chekuita nekushanduka kwe morphology yeclavicle mukati mejenasi Homo, Akatungamirwa nechikwata chaJean-Luc Voisin, chiremba wepaleontology paParis Natural History Museum, akazivisa mhedzisiro yekuvaka nekushanda kweiyi morphology pabhande repafudzi. 

Mune maapes akakura, clavicular peculiarities yaita kuti zvikwanise kukwidziridza kufamba kwependulum, kunyanya mugibhoni. Nekudaro, iyo clavicular morphology inoratidzira ape makuru: yavo clavicle inopa kutsauka (ndiko kuti kuchinjwa kwechinzvimbo) nema curvature maviri. Aya marudzi, zvakare, anozivikanwa neakakwira scapula uye dorsal zvine chekuita nechipfuva, zvichibvumira zvese zvakamiswa kufamba uye kufamba pasi. 

Iko kubuda kwemusoro kupfuura mapfudzi

Munhu, kune chikamu chake, anozivikanwa neiyo "cervico-cephalic" kubuda, zvichienzaniswa nemaapes makuru: nekudaro, zvakare inoratidza chinyorwa chaJean-Luc Voisin, "mutsipa unokura murefu zvichikonzera kuti musoro ubude mumapendekete“. Uye, sekureva kwesainzi Sakka, chiitiko ichi chave "yakabatana nekudzika kwebhanhire repafudzi pamwe nechipfuva ". Pakupedzisira, "kuburuka kwebhanhire revanhu pamapfudzi, zvichienzaniswa neiyo yemapapi makuru, kwaigona kutsanangura kuvepo kwekukombama kumwecheteYeyevanhu clavicle tichienzanisa nekuvapo kweese ari maviri epamusoro uye ezasi kukombama mune mamwe ma primates.

Morphology ine hukama nebipedalism

Uye pakupedzisira, zvinoita sekuti “munhu clavicular morphology inoenderana nebipedalism nekuti inobvumidza kugadziridzwa kwemuchina wepafudzi pachinzvimbo chakamira, ndiko kuti nehuremu hwemagetsi", Anowedzera Jean-Luc Voisin.

Uye zvakare, anowedzera "quun yakadaro yemazuva ano clavicular morphology mune yepamusoro maonero akaonekwa nekukurumidza munhoroondo yevanhu: nekukurumidza apo bipedalism ikave yakakurisa uye ruoko rwakasunungurwa kubva kuzvipingamupinyi zve locomotor.".

Iyo bipedalism, muvanhu: nhanho hombe munhoroondo yekushanduka kwayo, mhedzisiro yacho iri, kunyangwe nanhasi, inyaya yekutsvagisa kwakawanda kwesainzi.