Sickle cell anemia inonziwo sickle cell anemia, sickle cell anemia, sickle cell anemia, hemoglobin S kana, muChirungu, chikwangwani chechirwere chirwere. Ichi chimiro chekusingaperi uye chenhaka anemia chinoratidzwa, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, nekurwiswa kunorwadza zvikuru. Yakapararira, inonyanya kubata vanhu vemavara matema: kuwanda kwayo kuri 0% kusvika 40% muAfrica uye 10% pakati peAfrica America. Pari zvino muUnited States, mwana mumwe chete mu1 muAfrica achangobva kuberekwa ane chirwere che<em>sickle cell; kuwanda kuri 500 pa1 kusvika ku1 yevana veHispanic. Vanhu vekuWest Indies neSouth America vari panjodzi huru.

Chirwere ichi chinokonzerwa nemajini: chakabatana nekuvapo kwemajini ehemoglobin asina kujairika anobudisa puroteni yehemoglobin isingashande, inonzi hemoglobin S. Izvi zvinokanganisa masero matsvuku eropa uye anoita kuti aite sekrescent kana crescent. scythe (saka zita rayo rakaita sejeko), mukuwedzera pakukonzera kuti vafe nguva isati yakwana. Aya masero matsvuku akaremara anodaidzwawo kuti magora. Kuchinja uku kunoita kuti masero matsvuku eropa asashande. Izvi zvinokurumidza kuzviparadza. Mukuwedzera, chimiro chavo chisina kujairika chinoita kuti kufamba kwavo netsinga diki dzeropa kuome. Dzimwe nguva dzinovhara ropa kune dzimwe nhengo uye kukonzera tsaona yekufamba kweropa.

Kukurumidza kuparadzwa kwemasero matsvuku eropa kunopedzisira kwaenda kune hemolytic anemia - ndiko kuti, kupererwa neropa kunokonzerwa nekuparadzwa kusingaenzaniswi kwemasero matsvuku eropa. Mukuwedzera, chimiro chisina kujairika cheizvi chinogona kugadzira zvipingamupinyi mumacapillaries uye kukonzera matambudziko akasiyana ane chekuita nekusafamba zvakanaka kweropa. Sezvineiwo, varwere vesickle cell - vanhu vane chirwere ichi - vanogona kudzivirira matambudziko uye kubatwa kweimwe nhanho. Ivo zvakare vanorarama kwenguva refu kupfuura kare (Course yechirwere).

Zvinokonzera

Kuvapo kwehemoglobin S kunotsanangurwa nekuremara kwemajini kwakabatana nejini rinokonzeresa kugadzirwa kwehemoglobin. Zviuru zvakawanda zvemakore zvakapfuura, panguva apo marariya yakauraya vanhu vakawanda, vanhu vaiva nechirwere ichi vaiva nemukana uri nani wokupona nokuti hemoglobin S inodzivirira utachiona hwemarariya kupinda mumasero matsvuku eropa. Sezvo hunhu uhu hwenhaka hwaive hwakanakira kurarama kwemarudzi, saka hwakachengetwa. Mazuvano, zvamazvirokwazvo zvave chirema zvino sezvo marariya yarapwa zvakanaka.

Kuti mwana ave ne sickle cell anemia, vabereki vose vanofanira kunge vakapfuudza hemoglobin S kwavari. Kana mubereki mumwe chete akavapfuudza jini, mwana anotakurawo jena rine kukanganisa. , asi haazotamburi nechirwere ichi. Ukuwo, aigona kutapurirana geni racho.

Nzira yechirwere

Chirwere ichi chinoratidzika kumativi emwedzi mitanhatu uye chinozviratidza zvakasiyana kubva kune mumwe murwere kune mumwe. Vamwe vane zviratidzo zvinyoro chete uye vane kurwisa kusingasviki kamwe pagore, panguva iyo zviratidzo zvinowedzera. Kare, chirwere ichi chaiwanzouraya vana vari pasi pemakore mashanu. Kunyangwe huwandu hwerufu hunoramba hwakakwira muboka rezera iri, marapirwo ave kuita kuti varwere vararame kusvika vakura.

Matambudziko

Vakawanda. Pakati pezvikuru, tinowana izvi:

• Kusagadzikana kwezvirwere. Utachiona hwemabhakitiriya ndicho chikonzero chikuru chematambudziko muvana vane sickle cell anemia. Ichi ndicho chikonzero kurapwa kwemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya inowanzopiwa kwavari. Sickle cells inokuvadza spleen, iyo inoita basa rinokosha mukudzora utachiona. Kunyanya, zvirwere zvepneumococcal, izvo zvinowanzoitika uye zvine ngozi, zvinofanira kutyiwa. Vachiri kuyaruka nevakuru vanofanirawo kuzvidzivirira pazvirwere.
• Kukura uye kuyaruka kunonokerwa, bumbiro remitemo harina kusimba muvakuru. Chiitiko ichi chinokonzerwa nekushaikwa kwemasero matsvuku eropa.
• Matambudziko anorwadza. Vanowanzoonekwa pamakumbo, dumbu, musana kana chipfuva, uye dzimwe nguva pamapfupa. Iwo akabatanidzwa kune chokwadi chekuti majeko masero anovhara kubuda kweropa mumacapillaries. Zvichienderana nemhosva, vanogona kugara kubva maawa mashomanana kusvika kumavhiki akawanda.
• Kuvhiringika kwekuona. Kana ropa rikafamba zvisina kunaka mutsinga diki dzakatenderedza maziso, rinokuvadza retina uye saka rinogona kukonzera upofu.
• Gallstones. Kukurumidza kuparadzwa kwemasero ejeko kunoburitsa chinhu chine jaundice, bilirubin. Zvisinei, kana chiyero chebilirubin chikakwira zvakanyanya, gallstones inogona kuumba. Uyezve, jaundice ndechimwe chezviratidzo zvine chekuita nemhando iyi yeanemia.
• Edema yemaoko netsoka kana ruoko-tsoka syndrome. Zvakare, izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuvharika kweropa kunokonzerwa nemasero matsvuku eropa asina kujairika. Inowanzova chiratidzo chekutanga chechirwere mucheche uye muzviitiko zvakawanda zvinosanganiswa nekurwiswa kwefivha uye kurwadziwa.
• Maronda emakumbo. Sezvo ropa richitenderera zvakanaka kune ganda, ganda harigoni kugamuchira zvinovaka muviri zvinodiwa. Imwe mushure meimwe, masero eganda anofa uye maronda akazaruka anooneka.
• Priapisme. Aya anorwadza uye akareba erections izvo zvinotsanangurwa nenyaya yekuti ropa rinoungana mupeni risingakwanise kuyerera kumashure nekuda kwemasero ejeko. Aya erections akareba anopedzisira akuvadza matissue epeni uye zvokonzera kushaya simba.
• Acute chest syndrome (acute chest syndrome) Zviratidzo zvaro ndezvizvi: fivha, kukosora, expectoration, kurwadziwa muchipfuva, kuoma kwekufema (dyspnea), kushaya okisijeni (hypoxemia). Iyi syndrome inokonzerwa nehutachiona hwemapapu kana masero emasero akavharirwa mumapapu. Inoisa upenyu hwomurwere mungozi zvikuru uye inofanira kurapwa nokukurumidza.
• Organic maronda. Kusagara kweokisijeni kunokanganisa tsinga pamwe nenhengo dzakaita seitsvo, chiropa kana spleen. Dambudziko rerudzi urwu dzimwe nguva rinokonzera rufu.
• Stroke. Nekuvhara kutenderera kuuropi, maseru ejeko anogona kukonzera sitiroko. Chikamu che10% chevana vane chirwere ichi vakatambura nacho.