Ura hudiki (kubva pashoko rechiLatin rekuti intestinum, kubva muura, zvichireva kuti “mukati”) inhengo yemudumbu.

Localisatiokwete. 5 kusvika 7 metres kureba uye masendimita matatu mudhayamita, ura hudiki hunotevera dumbu uye hunowedzerwa nedumbu guru (3).

mamiriro. Ura hudiki hunoumbwa nezvikamu zvitatu (1) (2):

• Iyo duodenum iri pakati pepylorus yemudumbu uye duodeno-jejunal angle. C-yakaita uye yakadzika inowanikwa, inoumba chikamu chakagadziriswa chemukati mudumbu. Madhiri ekubuda kubva pancreas uye bile duct anosvika pachikamu ichi.
• Iyo jejunamu inotangira pa duodeno-jejunal angle uye inoenda kune ileum. Inoumba, neileum, chikamu chikuru chemukati mudiki.
• Iyo ileum inotevera jejunum uye inosvika kune iyoocecal valve, inotungamirira kumatumbo makuru. Iyo ileum uye jejunum inoumba chikamu chinofamba chemukati mudumbu.

Wall. Ura hudiki hunogadzirwa nemahamvuropu mana (4):

• Iyo mucous membrane imukati memukati ine magland akawanda, ichivanza kunyanya inodzivirira mucus.
• Iyo submucosa ndiyo yepakati layer inogadzirwa kunyanya yemidziyo netsinga.
• Iyo muscularis ndiyo yekunze layer inoumbwa nemhasuru fibers.
• Iyo serous membrane, kana peritoneum, imvuropu inovhara madziro ekunze emukati mudiki.

kugaya. Kugaya kunoitika kunyanya mudumbu diki, uye kunyanya mu duodenum kuburikidza nekugaya ma enzymes uye bile acids. Digestive enzymes anotangira kubva pancreas kuburikidza neinobuda ducts, nepo bile acids ichibva pachiropa kuburikidza ne bile ducts (3). Digestive enzymes uye bile acids inoshandura chyme, chinwiwa chinosanganisira chikafu chakafanogayiwa nemuto wekugaya kubva mudumbu, kuita chyle, mvura yakajeka ine mafiber ekudya, makabhohaidhiretsi akaomarara, mamorekuru, pamwe nekudya (4).

Kubvisa. Nekuita kwayo, muviri unotora zvimwe zvinhu zvakaita semakabhohaidhiretsi, mafuta, mapuroteni, electrolytes, mavhitaminzi, pamwe nemvura (5). Kutorwa kwezvigadzirwa zvekugaya kunoitika kunyanya mudumbu diki, uye kunyanya mu duodenum uye jejunum.

Kudzivirirwa kwemukati mudiki. Ura hudiki hunozvidzivirira kubva kumakemikari uye kurwiswa kwemagetsi nekuvhara mucus, kudzivirira mucous membrane (3). Ura hudiki hunodzivirirwawo kubva pakusvibiswa nemabhakitiriya mudumbu guru nekuda kweiyoocecal valve.

Chirwere chisingaperi chekuzvimba bowel. Zvirwere izvi zvinoenderana nekuzvimba kwechikamu chechikamu chekudya, senge chirwere cheCrohn. Zviratidzo zvinosanganisira kurwadziwa kwakanyanya mudumbu uye manyoka (6).

Irritable bowel syndrome. Ichi chirwere chinoratidzwa ne hypersensitivity yemadziro emukati uye kusagadzikana mumisumbu yekuputika. Inozviratidza kuburikidza nezviratidzo zvakasiyana-siyana zvakadai semanyoka, kuvimbiswa, kana kurwadziwa kwepamuviri. Chikonzero chechirwere ichi hachisati chazivikanwa nhasi.

Bowel kuvhara. Inoratidza kumira kwekushanda kwekufambisa, kunokonzera kurwadziwa kwakanyanya uye kurutsa. Kuvharidzirwa kwematumbo kunogona kuva kwemagetsi kubva kune kuvapo kwechipingamupinyi panguva yekufambisa (gallstones, tumors, etc.) asi inogonawo kuva kemikemikari nekubatanidzwa nehutachiona hwehuputi hwepedyo, semuenzaniso panguva yeperitonitis.

Peptic ulcer. Iyi pathology inoenderana nekuumbwa kweronda rakadzika mumadziro emudumbu kana iyo duodenum. Peptic ulcer chirwere chinowanzo kukonzerwa nekukura kwebhakitiriya asi inogonawo kuitika kana uchitora mimwe mishonga (7). 

Kurapwa. Zvichienderana nechirwere chinowanikwa, mamwe mishonga inogona kurongerwa senge anti-inflammatory drugs kana analgesics.

Kuvhiya kurapa. Zvichienderana nechirwere uye nekushanduka kwayo, kupindira kwekuvhiya kunogona kuitwa.

Kuongorora kwepanyama. Kutanga kwemarwadzo kunotanga nekuongorora kwepanyama kuongorora zviratidzo uye kuziva zvikonzero zvekutambudzika.

Kuongorora kwehupenyu. Ropa uye stool bvunzo zvinogona kuitwa kuita kana kusimbisa kuongororwa.

Chiremba imaging bvunzo. Zvichienderana nekufungidzirwa kana kupupurirwa kwechirwere, mamwe mimwe miedzo inogona kuitwa yakadai se ultrasound, CT scan kana MRI.

Endoscopic bvunzo. Endoscopy inogona kuitwa kudzidza madziro emukati mudumbu.

Muna 2010, vaongorori veInserm muNantes vakaburitsa tsvakiridzo yavo pamusoro pemhedzisiro yechirwere cheParkinson pane digestive neurons mupepanhau resainzi Plos One. Vakaratidza kuti maronda echirwere cheParkinson anokanganisa kwete chete masero epakati penheyo system, asiwo ayo eenteric nervous system, uye kunyanya iyo yegadziriro yekudya. Kuwanikwa uku kunogona kubvumira kuongororwa kwekutanga kwechirwere cheParkinson (8).