Kune nzvimbo shoma munyika umo nyoka dzinonzwa dzakasununguka semuSouth Asia. Pano nyoka dzinoremekedzwa sedzitsvene, dzakakomberedzwa nekuremekedzwa uye kutarisirwa. Tembere dzakavakwa mukukudzwa kwavo, mifananidzo yezvinokambaira zvakavezwa kubva padombo kazhinji inowanikwa mumigwagwa, madhamu nemisha.
Kunamata kwenyoka muIndia kune makore anopfuura zviuru zvishanu. Midzi yaro inoenda kune zvakadzika zvikamu zve pre-Aryan tsika. Semuyenzaniso, ngano dzeKashmir dzinotaura kuti zvinokambaira zvakatonga sei pamusoro pemupata uchiri machakwi asingaperi. Nokupararira kwechiBuddha, ngano dzakavamba kutaura kuti ruponeso rwaBuddha rwakaparirwa nenyoka, uye urwu ruponeso rwakaitika mumahombekombe eRwizi rweNairanjana pasi pomuonde wekare. Kudzivisa Buddha kusvika pakuvhenekerwa, dhimoni Mara rakaita dutu rinotyisa. Asi mhungu huru yakavhiringidza mazano edhimoni racho. Akazvimonera muviri waBuddha kanomwe ndokumudzivirira pamvura nemhepo.
NYOKA NE NAGA
Maererano nepfungwa dzekare dze<em>cosmogonic dzevaHindu, misoro mizhinji yenyoka Shesha, yakarara pamusoro pemvura yenyanza, inoshanda somusana weChisiko Chapose pose, uye Vishnu, muchengeti woupenyu, anozorora pamubhedha wezvindori zvake. Pakupera kwezuva rega rega re cosmic, rakaenzana nemamiriyoni e2160 emakore epasi, miromo inofema moto yeShesha inoparadza nyika, uye ipapo musiki Brahma anovakazve.
Imwe nyoka ine simba, Vasuki ine misoro minomwe, inogara yakapfekwa nomuparadzi anotyisa Shiva seshinda inoyera. Nerubatsiro rwaVasuki, vamwari vakawana chinwiwa chekusafa, amrita, nekuvhuvhuta, ndiko kuti, kuvhuvhuta gungwa: vekudenga vakashandisa nyoka setambo kutenderedza hofori huru - Gomo reMandara.
Shesha naVasuki vanozivikanwa madzimambo eNagas. Iri ndiro zita mungano dzezvisikwa zvehafu-mwari zvine miviri yenyoka uye mumwe kana kupfuura misoro yevanhu. MaNagas anogara munzvimbo yepasi - muPatala. Guta rayo guru - Bhogavati - rakakomberedzwa nemadziro ematombo anokosha uye rinonakidzwa nekubwinya kweguta rakapfuma munyika gumi nemana, iyo, maererano nengano, inoumba hwaro hwepasirese.
Nagas, maererano nengano, vane zvakavanzika zvemashiripiti uye uroyi, vanokwanisa kumutsa vakafa uye kuchinja chitarisiko chavo. Vakadzi vavo vakanyanya kunaka uye vanowanzoroorwa nevatongi venyika nevakachenjera. Inobva kuNagas, maererano nengano, kuti madzimambo mazhinji eMaharajas anobva. Pakati pavo pane madzimambo ePallava, vatongi veKashmir, Manipur nemamwe matunhu. MaWarriors akadonha zvine hugamba munhandare dzehondo zvakare ari mukuchengetwa kwenagini.
Naga mambokadzi Manasa, hanzvadzi yaVasuki, anoonekwa semudziviriri akavimbika kubva pakurumwa nenyoka. Mukukudzwa kwake, mitambo yakazara nevanhu inoitwa muBengal.
Uye panguva imwecheteyo, ngano inoti, naga Kaliya ine misoro mishanu yakambotsamwisa vamwari. Muchetura waro waive wakasimba zvekuti wakaisa muchetura mumvura yedhamu guru. Kunyange shiri dzaibhururuka pamusoro pegungwa iri dzakafa. Uyezve, nyoka inonyengera yakaba mombe dzevafudzi veko ndokudzidya. Ipapo Krishna akakurumbira, munyama wechisere wepasi wamwari mukuru Vishnu, akauya kuzobetsera vanhu. Akakwira mumuti wekadamba ndokusvetukira mumvura. Kaliya akabva angomhanyira kwaari ndokumumonera mhete dzake dzesimba. Asi Krishna, akazvisunungura kubva pakumbundirwa nenyoka, akashanduka kuita hofori uye akadzinga naga yakaipa kugungwa.
NYOKA NEKUTENDA
Kune zvisingaverengeki ngano uye ngano nezve nyoka muIndia, asi zvakanyanya zvisingatarisirwe zviratidzo zvinosanganiswa nazvo. Zvinotendwa kuti nyoka inofananidzira kufamba kusingagumi, inoita semufananidzo wemweya wetateguru uye mutariri weimba. Ndicho chikonzero nei chiratidzo chenyoka chichishandiswa navaHindu kumativi ose ari maviri omusuo wapamberi. Nedonzo rimwe chetero rokudzivirira, varimi veruwa rweSouth Indian rweKerala vanochengeta serpentaria duku mumayadhi avo, munogara mhungu dzinoyera. Kana mhuri yacho ichitamira kune imwe nzvimbo, zvechokwadi vachaenda nenyoka dzose. Zvakare, ivo vanosiyanisa varidzi vadzo neimwe mhando yehunyanzvi uye havambovaruma.
Kuuraya nyoka nemaune kana netsaona ndicho chivi chikuru. Kumaodzanyemba kwenyika, brahmin inotaura mantras pamusoro penyoka yaurawa. Muviri wake wakafukidzwa nejira resiririka rakarukwa nepetani yetsika, rinoiswa pamatanda esandalwood ndokupiswa pamoto wemariro.
Kusakwanisa kwemukadzi kubereka mwana kunotsanangurwa nekutuka kwakaitwa nemukadzi kune zvinokambaira mune izvi kana chimwe chekuberekwa kwekare. Kuti vawane kuregererwa kwenyoka, vakadzi vechiTamil vanonamata kumufananidzo wayo wedombo. Kusiri kure neChennai, mudhorobha reRajahmandi, kwaimbove murwi wemujuru paigara mhungu. Dzimwe nguva aikambaira achibuda muruvanze kuti anzwe mushana uye kuravidza mazai, nhindi dzenyama nemabhora emupunga aiunzwa kwaari.
Mhomho yevakadzi vaitambura yakauya kumurwi wakasarudzika (paive pakupera kwechiXNUMX - kutanga kwezana ramakore rechiXNUMX). Kwemaawa akawanda vakagara pedyo nemujuru vaine tariro yokufungisisa nezvemhuka tsvene. Kana vakabudirira, vakadzokera kumba vachifara, vaine chivimbo chokuti munyengetero wavo waizonzwika uye vamwari vaizovapa mwana. Pamwe chete navakadzi vakura, vasikana vaduku zvikuru vaienda kumurwi unokosheswa womujuru, vachinyengetera pachine nguva mberi nokuda kwaamai vanofara.
Chiratidzo chakanaka ndechekuwanikwa kwenyoka ichikambaira kunze - ganda rekare rakadeurwa nereptile panguva yekunyunguduka. Muridzi wedehwe rakakosheswa achaisa chidimbu charo muchikwama chake, achifunga kuti zvichamuunzira pfuma. Maererano nezviratidzo, cobra inochengeta matombo anokosha muhood.
Pane chitendero chekuti nyoka dzimwe nguva dzinodanana nevasikana vakanaka dzopinda murudo navo muchivande. Mushure maizvozvi, nyoka inotanga kushingairira kutevera mudiwa uye kumutevera paanenge achigeza, kudya uye mune dzimwe nyaya, uye pakupedzisira musikana nenyoka vanotanga kutambura, kuoma uye nokukurumidza kufa.
Mune rimwe remabhuku matsvene echiHindu, Atharva Veda, nyoka dzinotaurwa pakati pemhuka dzine zvakavanzika zvemishonga yemishonga. Ivo zvakare vanoziva nzira yekurapa kurumwa nenyoka, asi vanonyatsochengetedza zvakavanzika izvi uye vanongozvizivisa kune vakaomarara.
FESTIVAL YENYOKA
Pazuva rechishanu remwedzi mutsva mumwedzi weShravan (Chikunguru-Nyamavhuvhu), India inopemberera mutambo wenyoka - nagapanchami. Hapana anoshanda musi uyu. Mhemberero inotanga nemwaranzi yekutanga yezuva. Pamusoro pemusuwo mukuru weimba, maHindu anonamira mifananidzo yezvinokambaira uye vanoita puja - nzira huru yekunamata muchiHindu. Vanhu vazhinji vanoungana munzvimbo yepakati. Hwamanda nengoma zvinorira. Mudungwe wacho unonanga kutemberi, uko kunoitwa kugeza kwetsika. Ipapo nyoka dzakabatwa nezuro wacho dzinoregedzerwa mumugwagwa uye mumayadhi. Vanokwaziswa, vanodururwa nemaruva emaruva, vanopiwa mari yakawanda uye vanotenda negoho rakachengetwa kubva kumakonzo. Vanhu vanonyengetera kumadzishe nagas masere uye vanobata nyoka mhenyu nomukaka, ghee, uchi, turmeric (ginger yeyero), uye mupunga wakakangwa. Maruva eoleander, jasmine uye red lotus anoiswa mumakomba avo. Mhemberero idzi dzinotungamirirwa nemabrahmins.
Pane imwe ngano yekare yakabatana nezororo iri. Inotaura nezve brahmin akaenda kuminda mangwanani, achifuratira zuva nevaNagapanca. Achiisa muforo, akapwanya vana vemhungu netsaona. Kuwana nyoka dzafa, mai nyoka vakasarudza kutsiva paBrahmin. Ari munzira yeropa, achitambanudzira kuseri kwegejo, akawana nzvimbo yekugara yemutadzi. Muridzi nemhuri yake vakarara murunyararo. Cobra akauraya munhu wese aive mumba, ndokuzoerekana arangarira kuti umwe wevanasikana vaBrahmin aive achangoroorwa. Mhungu yakapinda mumusha waiva pedyo. Ikoko akaona kuti mukadzi wechidiki akanga aita gadziriro dzose dzemutambo wa nagapanchami uye akaisa mukaka, zviwitsi nemaruva enyoka. Ipapo nyoka yakabva yachinja kutsamwa kuita tsitsi. Aona nguva yakanaka, mukadzi wacho akakumbira mhungu kuti imutse baba vake nedzimwe hama. Nyoka yakava nagini uye yakazadzisa chikumbiro chemukadzi ane unhu hwakanaka.
Mutambo wenyoka unoenderera mberi kusvika pakati pehusiku. Pakati payo, kwete chete exorcists, asiwo maIndia anotora zvinokambaira mumaoko avo noushingi uye kunyange kukandira pamitsipa yavo. Zvinoshamisa kuti, nyoka pazuva rakadaro nokuda kwechimwe chikonzero hazvirume.
ZVINOKOSHA ZVINOSHANDURA BASA
MaIndia mazhinji anoti kune nyoka dzine uturu dzakawanda. Kutemwa kwemasango kusingadzorwi uye kutsiviwa neminda yemupunga zvakakonzera kupararira kukuru kwemakonzo. Mhomho yemakonzo nemakonzo yakazadza mataundi nemisha. Zvikara zvaitevera makonzo. Mukati memvura zhinji, apo hova dzemvura dzinofashura mumakomba adzo, zvinokambaira zvinowana utiziro mumisha yavanhu. Panguva ino yegore vanova nehasha.
Awana mhuka inokambaira pasi pedenga remba yake, muHindu anotya haasati achizomusimudzira tsvimbo, asi achaedza kunyengetedza nyika kuti ibve pamusha wake kana kuti kutendeukira kun’anga dzinodzungaira kuti dzibetserwe. Makore mashoma apfuura vaigona kuwanikwa mumigwagwa yese. Vakapfeka ngowani uye pombi dzakagadzirwa kumba, ine resonator hombe yakagadzirwa nemanhanga akaomeswa, vakagara kwenguva yakareba pamusoro pematengu ewicker, vakamirira vashanyi. Pakunzwika kwemutinhimira wakaoma, nyoka dzakarovedzwa dzakasimudza misoro yadzo kubva mumabhasikiti, dzichiridza muridzo zvine utsinye uye dzichizunza zunza.
Hunyanzvi hwekuromba nyoka hunotorwa senhaka. Mumusha weSaperagaon (uri makiromita gumi kubva kuguta reLucknow, guta guru reUttar Pradesh), kune vagari vangangosvika mazana mashanu. MuchiHindi, "Saperagaon" zvinoreva "musha wevanoita zvenyoka." Vanenge varume vakuru vese vari kuita basa iri pano.
Nyoka muSaperagaon dzinogona kuwanikwa chaizvo panguva dzese. Somuenzaniso, mumwe mukadzi wechiduku anodiridza uriri kubva muchirongo chemhangura, uye mhungu yemamita maviri, yakamonererwa mhete, inorara patsoka dzake. Mukamba, mumwe mukadzi wechikuru anobika chirairo uye nokushinyira anozunza nyoka musarairi yake. Vana vemumusha, vachienda kunorara, vanoenda nemhungu kunorara, vachifarira nyoka mhenyu pane teddy bear uye runako rwekuAmerica Barbie. Yadhi yega yega ine serpentarium yayo. Iine nyoka ina kana shanu dzemarudzi akawanda.
Zvakadaro, mutemo mutsva weWildlife Protection Act, uyo watanga kushanda, wave kurambidza kuchengetwa kwenyoka muhusungwa “kuitira purofiti”. Uye varoyi venyoka vanomanikidzwa kutsvaga rimwe basa. Vazhinji vavo vakapinda basa remafemu ari kuita kubata zvinokambaira mumisha. Zvikara zvakabatwa zvinotorwa kunze kweguta uye zvinoregedzerwa munzvimbo dzadzo dzekugara.
Mumakore achangopfuura, mumakondinendi akasiyana, ayo ane hanya nemasayendisiti, sezvo pasina tsanangudzo yemamiriro ezvinhu aya isati yawanikwa. Nyanzvi dzezvinhu zvipenyu dzave dzichitaura nezvekutsakatika kwemazana emarudzi ezvisikwa zvipenyu kwemakore anopfuura gumi nemaviri, asi kuderera kwakadaro kwehuwandu hwemhuka dzinogara mumakondinendi akasiyana hakusati kwaonekwa.