Nekutanga kwemwaka wezhizha, ivhu rinotanga kudziya, uye kune zvinhu zvakawanda zve "kuvhima chinyararire". Pahowa hunodyiwa hunokohwewa muchirimo, howa hunenge huchena ndihwo hunotanga kuoneka. Vanokura munzvimbo dzakasimudzwa zvishoma, dzinodziya. Mossiness howa, psatirells uye udemansiella zvinoibva shure kwavo. Uye kubva pakati pekutanga inedible howa dzezhizha, iyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa munharaunda yeMoscow ndeye mycenae nemitsara.
Munyika Yedu, tubular howa dzinowanzo kukohwa kubva muhowa dzezhizha: chena, semi-chena, boletus, boletus, boletus. Mune dzimwe nyika kune dzimwe nyika lamellar mhando howa sehowa, champignons anodiwa.
Nezve izvo howa dzinokohwewa muzhizha, uye ndeapi marudzi asingagoneki anoonekwa mumasango munaJune, iwe uchadzidza nekuverenga nyaya iyi.
Ndeapi marudzi ehowa anokohwewa muzhizha
Semi-white howa, kana yero boletus (Boletus impolitus).
Nzvimbo dzekugara: mumwe chete uye mumapoka mumasango anotema uye akasanganiswa.
Mwaka: kubva munaJune kusvika munaGunyana.
Iyo ngowani ndeye 5-15 cm muhupamhi, dzimwe nguva kusvika 20 cm, pakutanga hemispherical, gare gare cushion-shaped uye convex. Chinhu chinosiyaniswa nemhando iyi ivhu rakanzwikwa zvishoma kana heti yero-brown ine madiki, matema zvishoma. Nokufamba kwenguva, pamusoro pechivharo chinotsemuka. Ganda haribviswi.
Gumbo 4-15 cm kureba, 1-4 cm gobvu. Dzinde rinotanga chena-kirimu muruvara, uye gare gare grey-yellowish kana yero-brownish.
Sezvinoratidzwa mumufananidzo, mune idzi howa dzezhizha, chikamu chepamusoro chegumbo chakareruka, mashanga:
Iyo yepamusoro ine rough, fleecy pazasi, isina mesh pateni.
Iyo pulp ine dense, pakutanga yakacheneruka, gare gare chiedza chero, haichinje ruvara pane yakachekwa, kuravira kunonakidza, kutapira, kunhuhwirira kunoyeuchidza zvishoma nezveiodoform.
Iyo tubular layer ndeyemahara, yekutanga yero, gare gare muorivhi-yero, haichinji ruvara kana yakadzvanywa. Spores muorivhi-yellow.
Kusiyana: ruvara rwechivharo runosiyana kubva pachiedza chemuorivhi-yellow kusvika kune yero-brown.
Mhando dzakafanana. Iyo semi-white mushroom yakafanana neinodyiwa Boletus radicans, iyo inoshanduka yebhuruu pane yakachekwa uye kana yakadzvanywa.
Kubika nzira: pickling, salting, frying, soups, kuomesa.
Zvinodyiwa, 2rd uye 3th chikamu.
Boletus.
Kutaura nezve izvo howa dzinokura muzhizha, hongu, zvakakosha kutaura nezve mossiness howa. Howa uhu hushoma, asi hunoyevedza. Maererano nekuravira kwavo, vari pedyo ne boletus. Mafungu avo ekutanga anoonekwa muna Chikumi, yechipiri - muna Nyamavhuvhu, yekupedzisira wave muna Gumiguru.
Velvet flywheel (Boletus prunatus).
Nzvimbo dzekugara: inokura mumasango ane deciduous, coniferous.
Mwaka: Chikumi-Gumiguru.
Hat ine dhayamita ye4-12 cm, dzimwe nguva kusvika 15 cm, hemispherical. Chinhu chakasiyana chezvipenyu ndeye matte yakaoma, velvety brown hat ine mipendero yakareruka. Ganda riri paheti rakaoma, rakatsetseka uye rinenge richinzwa, richiva rakatsetseka nekufamba kwenguva, rinotsvedza zvishomanana mushure memvura.
Tarisa pamufananidzo - howa idzi dzinokura muzhizha dzine gumbo recylindrical, 4-10 cm kureba, 6-20 mm gobvu:
Dzinde rinowanzopendwa nemavara akareruka kupfuura ngowani, iyo inowanzo kombama. Creamy yellow uye ruvara rutsvuku runosarudzwa.
Nyama yakakora, chena ine yellowish tint, zvishoma kushanduka bhuruu kana yakadzvanywa. Nyama yehowa hwezhizha hunodyiwa hune kakunhuhwirira kwehowa.
Matubhu ane creamy-yellow padiki, gare gare yero-yegirini. Spore dzine yellowish.
Kusiyana: chivharo chinopedzisira chaoma uye velvety, uye ruvara rwevhavha runosiyana kubva kune tsvuku kusvika kune tsvuku-tsvuku uye tsvuku-tsvuku. Rudzi rwezinde rinosiyana kubva pachiedza chebrown uye yellow-brown kusvika kune tsvuku-tsvuku.
Hakuna mapatya ane chepfu. Mokhovik velvet yakafanana muchimiro kune variegated flywheel (Boletus chtysenteron), iyo inosiyaniswa nekuvapo kwekutsemuka pachivharo.
Nzira dzekubika: kuomesa, marinating, kufashaira.
Zvinodyiwa, 3th chikamu.
Psatirella.
Musango raJune kune howa dzakawanda dzisinganzwisisiki dzakachena-yellowish dzine heti mumhando yeamburera. Howa uhu hwekutanga hunokura kwese kwese muzhizha, kunyanya pedyo nenzira dzemusango. Ivo vanonzi psatirella Candoll.
Psathyrella Candolleana (Psathyrella Candolleana).
Nzvimbo dzekugara: ivhu, huni dzakaora uye zvigutsa zvemiti inodonha, inokura mumapoka.
Mwaka: Chikumi-Gumiguru.
Iyo cap ine dhayamita ye3-6 cm, dzimwe nguva kusvika 9 cm, pakutanga bhero-yakaita, gare gare convex, gare gare convex prostrate. Chinhu chakasiyana chemhando iyi pakutanga chena-yellowish, gare gare ine pepuru micheto, ngowani ine machena machena pamucheto uye yakatsetseka chena-kirimu gumbo. Mukuwedzera, matete radial fibers anowanzoonekwa pamusoro pevhavha.
Gumbo rakareba 3-8 cm, 3 kusvika 7 mm gobvu, fibrous, yakawedzera zvishoma pedyo nechigadziko, brittle, white-cream ine zvishoma zvishoma zvinoputika muchikamu chepamusoro.
Pulp: kutanga kuchena, gare gare yero, mumuenzaniso wechidiki pasina kunhuhwirira kwakakosha uye kuravira, muhowa hukuru uye hwekare - nekunhuhwirira kusingafadzi uye kuravira kunorwadza.
Mahwendefa acho anonamatira, kazhinji, nhete, chena pakutanga, gare gare grey-violet, grey-pink, tsvina yakasviba, grey-brown kana yepepuru yakasviba.
Variability. Rudzi rwekepisi runogona kusiyana kubva kune chena-kirimu kuenda kune yero uye pink-kirimu mune diki sampuli uye yero-brown uye ine yepepuru micheto mumienzaniso yakakura.
Mhando dzakafanana. Psatirella Candolla yakafanana muchimiro uye saizi kune yegoridhe yero chikwapuro (Pluteus luteovirens), iyo inosiyaniswa negoridhe heti yegoridhe ine yakasviba pakati.
Zvinodyiwa nemamiriro ezvinhu, sezvo chete zviduku zviduku zvinogona kudyiwa uye pasina nguva inopfuura maawa maviri mushure mekuunganidza, umo ruvara rwemahwendefa ruchiri chiedza. Mienzaniso yakakura inobudisa mvura yakasviba uye inovava.
Iyi mifananidzo inoratidza howa hwezhizha hunotsanangurwa pamusoro apa:
Udemansiella.
Mumasango emipaini munharaunda yeMoscow, unogona kuwana howa dzezhizha dzisina kujairika - inopenya udemansiella ine radial mitsetse paheti. Pazera duku ivo vane ruvara rwemavara, uye nezera vanova vatema uye vanonyatsooneka pamarara epine tsono.
Udemansiella radiant (Oudemansiella radicata).
Nzvimbo dzekugara: masango ane deciduous uye coniferous, mumapaki, pazasi pehunde, pedyo nezvigutsa uye pamidzi, anowanzokura ari oga. Mhando isingawanzo, yakanyorwa munharaunda Red Books, chimiro - 3R.
Howa uhu hunokohwewa muchirimo, kutanga muna Chikunguru. Nguva yekuunganidza inopera munaGunyana.
Iyo cap ine dhayamita ye3-8 masendimita, dzimwe nguva kusvika masendimita gumi, pakutanga convex yakakotama ine blunt tubercle, gare gare inenge yakati sandarara uyezve, seruva rakasvava, rine mipendero yakasviba yakasviba inowira pasi. Chinhu chakasiyana chezvipenyu ndeyekupenya kweruvara rwekapu uye iyo convex pateni yetubercle uye radial mitsetse kana mwaranzi. Kubva kumusoro, zviputi izvi zvinotaridzika secamomile kana rimwe ruva. Chivharo chitete uye chakaunyana.
Gumbo refu, 8-15 cm kureba, dzimwe nguva kusvika masendimita makumi maviri, 20-4 mm gobvu, yakawedzera pahwaro, yakanyudzwa zvakanyanya muvhu, ine midzi-yakafanana maitiro. Muhowa hudiki, ruvara rwedzinde rinenge yunifomu - chena, muhowa hukuru - chena pamusoro neupfu, chiedza chepakati nepakati uye dzinde rinowanzomonereka, pazasi - dema dema, longitudinally fibrous.
Nyama yehowa iyi, inokura muzhizha, yakaonda, chena kana grey, isina kunhuhwirira kwakawanda.
Mahwendefa acho haawanzoitiki, anonamatira, gare gare akasununguka, machena, greyish.
Kusiyana: ruvara rwechivharo runosiyana kubva kune grey-brown kusvika grey-yellow, yellow-brown, uye mukukwegura kusvika kune yakasviba uye inova yakafanana muchimiro kune ruva rakasviba rine petals pasi.
Mhando dzakafanana. Oudemansiella radiata inonyanya hunhu uye yakasarudzika nekuda kwekuvapo kweanopenya bulges pachivharo zvekuti zvakaoma kuisanganisa neimwe mhando.
Nzira dzekubika: yakabikwa, yakakangwa.
Zvinodyiwa, 4th chikamu.
Muchikamu chinotevera chechinyorwa, iwe uchadzidza kuti ndeapi howa anokura muzhizha asingadyike.
Inedible zhizha howa
Mycenae.
Mycenae inoonekwa pazvigutsa nemiti yakaora musango raChikumi. Aya mahowa madiki padzinde mutete, kunyangwe asingadyike, anopa sango chimiro chakasiyana uye chakasiyana chekusiyana uye kuzara.
Mycena amicta (Mycena amicta).
Habitat: coniferous uye masango akavhenganiswa, pamakumbo, pamidzi, pamatavi anofa, achikura mumapoka makuru.
Mwaka: Chikumi-Gunyana.
Iyo cap ine dhayamita ye 0,5-1,5 cm, bhero. Chinhu chakasiyana chemhando iyi heti yakaita sebhero ine micheto yakatsikirirwa ine tubercle diki, yakafanana nebhatani, chiedza chekrimu chine ruvara rweyero-brown kana muorivhi-brown centre uye ine mbabvu zvishoma. Pamusoro pechivharo chakafukidzwa nezviyero zviduku.
Dzinde iri nhete, 3-6 cm kureba, 1-2 mm gobvu, cylindrical, yakatsetseka, dzimwe nguva ine midzi, pakutanga inopenya, gare gare greyish-brown, yakafukidzwa nembeu dzakachena chena.
Nyama yakatetepa, chena, ine kunhuwa kusingafadzi.
Mahwendefa acho anowanzo, akamanikana, zvishoma achidzika parutivi pehunde, kutanga kuchena, gare gare grey.
Kusiyana: ruvara rwechivharo chepakati chinosiyana kubva kune yero-ruvara kusvika kumuorivhi-ruvara, dzimwe nguva ine bluish tint.
Mhando dzakafanana. Mycena amicta mumuvara wechivharo wakafanana neine inclined mycena (Mycena inclinata), iyo inosiyaniswa nekapu-yakaita kapu uye gumbo rekrimu rakareruka rine upfu.
Kusadyiwa nekuda kwekunhuwa kusingafadzi.
Mycena yakachena, fomu yepepuru (Mycena pura, f. violaceus).
Nzvimbo dzekugara: howa uhu hunokura muzhizha mumasango anotema, pakati pemoss uye pasi pesango, anokura mumapoka uye oga.
Mwaka: Chikumi-Gunyana.
Iyo cap ine dhayamita ye 2-6 cm, pakutanga yakaumbwa nekoni kana bhero, gare gare yakadzikama. Chimiro chakasiyana chemhando iyi inenge yakatsetseka chimiro che lilac-violet base color ine yakadzika radial mitsetse uye mazino emaplateti akabudikira kumicheto. Iyo ngowani ine mavara maviri emavara: iyo yemukati ndeye yakasviba yepepuru-lilac, iyo yekunze ine yakareruka lilac-cream. Zvinoitika kuti kune matatu mavara emavara panguva imwe chete: chikamu chemukati chine creamy yellowish kana creamy pinkish, yechipiri concentric zone yepepuru-lilac, yechitatu, pamucheto, zvakare yakareruka, sepakati.
Gumbo 4-8 cm kureba, 3-6 mm, cylindrical, dense, ruvara rwakafanana nevhavha, yakafukidzwa nevakawanda longitudinal lilac-blackish fibers. Mumienzaniso yakakura, chikamu chepamusoro chegumbo chakapendwa nemavara akajeka, uye chikamu chepasi chakasviba.
Nyama iri pachivharo yakachena, pamudziyo i lilac, ine kunhuhwirira kwakasimba kweradish uye kuravira kweturnip.
Mahwendefa acho haawanzoitiki, akafara, anonamatira, pakati pawo pane mapfupi mahwendefa akasununguka.
Kusiyana: ruvara rwechivharo runosiyana zvakanyanya kubva kupinki-lilac kusvika kune yepepuru.
Mumahwendefa, ruvara runoshanduka kubva kuchena-pink kusvika kune chiedza chepepuru.
Mhando dzakafanana. Iyi mycena yakafanana nekapu-shaped mycena ( Mycena galericulata ), iyo inosiyaniswa nekuvapo kwetaundi rataurwa pavhavha.
Hadzidyike nekuti hadzina kunaka.
Ryadovka.
Mitsara yekutanga yaChikumi haidyiwe. Vanozadza sango rinotumbuka nerunako runoshamisa.
Row white (Tricholoma album).
Nzvimbo dzekugara: masango anotema uye akavhenganiswa, kunyanya ane birch uye beech, kunyanya paivhu rine acidic, inokura mumapoka, kazhinji kumucheto, mumakwenzi, mapaki.
Mwaka: Chikunguru-Gumiguru.
Cap 3-8 cm muhupamhi, dzimwe nguva kusvika 13 cm, yakaoma, yakatsetseka, pakutanga hemispherical, gare gare convex-prostrate. Mipendero inoshanduka zvishoma nezera. Rudzi rwekapu chena kana chena cream pakutanga, uye nezera - ine buffy kana yellowish mavara. Mucheto wechivharo wakakotama pasi.
Gumbo rakareba 4-10 cm, gobvu 6-15 mm, cylindrical, dense, elastic, dzimwe nguva upfu pamusoro, curved, fibrous. Rudzi rwedzinde rwakachena pakutanga, uye gare gare rutsvuku rune ruvara rutsvuku, dzimwe nguva rutsvuku pazasi uye rwakatetepa.
Iyo pulp yakachena, yakaonda, ine nyama, muhowa hudiki hune kunhuhwirira kushoma, uye mumienzaniso yakura - ine kunhuhwirira, kunhuhwirira kwakashata uye kuravira kwakashata.
Mahwendefa haana kucherechedzwa, ehurefu husina kuenzana, chena, gare gare chena-kirimu muvara.
kufanana nemamwe marudzi. Row chena padanho rekutanga rekukura rakafanana ne grey row (Tricholoma portentosum), inodyiwa uye ine hwema hwakasiyana, kwete caustic, asi inofadza.
Sezvaunokura, mutsauko unowedzera nekuda kwegreyish.
Izvo hazvigoneki nekuda kwekunhuhwirira kwakasimba kusingafadzi uye kuravira, izvo zvisingabviswi kunyangwe nemota refu.