Panongosvika Chikunguru achangosvika, howa hwemukaka hunoonekwa mumasango - imwe yehowa dzinonyanya kufarirwa muNyika Yedu. Zvichienderana nemhando yemhando, iyi miviri yefruiting mune mycological classification ndeyemhando dzakasiyana dzekugoneka (kubva pa1 kusvika kune 4). Imwe yemhando dzakakurumbira ndeyezamu rechokwadi - rakapiwa chikamu chekutanga chekukosha. Kazhinji, miviri iyi inobereka munyu uye yakanyungudutswa mushure mekutanga kunyura uye kufashaira.
Autumn mukaka howa ndiyo inonyanya kunakidza uye crispy. Imo munaSeptember kuti unogona kuunganidza mabhasikiti ane mukaka chaiwo howa. Kudziwana hakusi nyore, sezvo dzinohwanda muuswa. Kwaimbove nevakawanda. Kubva kare, howa hwemukaka hwakaiswa munyu mumadhiramu uye kudyiswa paari panguva yekutsanya. Ikozvino kune mashoma chaiwo howa, uye iye zvino anowanzokura munzvimbo dzakachena kana nzvimbo yakashama padyo nenzvimbo yesango pasi pemiti midiki yeKisimusi.
Iwe uchadzidza nezvemasango umo mukaka howa inokura, uye kuti mhando dzakasiyana dzehowa idzi dzinotaridzika sei, nekuverenga chinyorwa ichi.
Aspen zamu
Nzvimbo dzinogara aspen howa (Lactarius controversus): masango akanyorova aspen uye poplar. Howa dzinogadzira mycorrhiza newillow, aspen uye poplar. Uhu howa hunokura, sekutonga, mumapoka maduku.
Mwaka: Chikunguru-Gumiguru.
Iyo cap ine dhayamita ye5-18 cm, dzimwe nguva inosvika 25 cm, ine nyama ine mawere akachinjika pasi uye yakaora mwoyo yepakati, gare gare flat-convex ine zvishoma yakadzika pakati. Rudzi rwekapu ichena neruvara rwepingi uye zvishoma zvinooneka zvakadzika nzvimbo. Nzvimbo yekunze mumamiriro ekunze emvura inonamira uye inotsvedza. Mipendero inoshanduka kuva wavy nezera.
Teerera kumufananidzo - iyi mhando yehowa ine gumbo pfupi, gobvu 3-8 cm kureba uye 1,5-4 cm mukobvu, gobvu uye dzimwe nguva eccentric:
Dzinde racho rakachena kana kuti pink, rakafanana neruvara kune chivharo, kazhinji rine mavara matsvuku. Kazhinji yakatetepa pachigadziko.
Nyama yakachena, yakakora, ine brittle, ine mukaka unopinza chaizvo uye kunhuhwirira.
Mahwendefa acho anowanzo, kwete akafara, dzimwe nguva akafukidzwa uye achidzika pamwe chete nedzinde, kirimu kana chiedza chepinki. Spore poda ine pinkish.
Variability. Rudzi rwekapu chena kana nepink uye lilac zones, kazhinji concentric. Mahwendefa acho akachena pakutanga, ozoita pinki uye gare gare akajeka orenji.
Mhando dzakafanana. Mhando yehowa iyi inoita sehowa howa chaiyo (Lactarius resimus). Nekudaro, iyo yekupedzisira ine kukosha kwakanyanya, mipendero yayo ine dense fluffy uye hapana pinkish ruvara rwemahwendefa.
Zvinodyiwa, 3th chikamu.
Kubika nzira: salting mushure mekutanga kurapwa nekufashaidza kana kunyura.
Mukaka chaiwo
Iko chaiyo mukaka howa (Lactarius resimus) inokura: birch uye masango akasanganiswa, ane birch, anoumba mycorrhiza ne birch, anokura mumapoka.
Mwaka: Chikunguru-Gunyana.
Iyo cap ine dhayamita ye6-15 masendimita, dzimwe nguva inosvika makumi maviri masendimita, ine nyama ine mipendero yakatsikitsira pasi uye nekuora mwoyo pakati, gare gare convex-prostrate nenzvimbo yakaora mwoyo yepakati. Chinhu chakasiyana chezvipenyu chine dense fluffy kana shaggy edges uye mukaka-chena ruvara rwecap, iyo inozopedzisira yava yero kana kirimu ine zvishoma kana pasina nzvimbo. Howa hwakasiyana-siyana uhwu hunogona kunge huine makwapa eyero.
Gumbo 3-9 cm kureba, 1,5-3,5 masendimita muhupamhi, cylindrical, yakatsetseka, chena, dzimwe nguva yero kana yakatsvuka pazasi.
Nyama yakachena, ine brittle, ine hwema hunofadza, iyo inobudisa muto muchena wemukaka unoshanduka ukaita yero mumhepo uye une hutu hunopisa. Iyo pulp ine muchero wemuchero.
Mahwendefa acho akafara 0,5-0,8 cm, achidzika nedzinde, kazhinji, machena, akazova yero. Spore powder ichena.
Mhando dzakafanana. Maererano netsanangudzo, iyi yakasiyana-siyana yehowa yakafanana ne желтый груздь (Lactarius scrobiculatus), iyo inogonawo kunge iine shaggy micheto, yegoridhe yero kana yakasviba yero muruvara, uye isina kunhuhwirira kwenyama.
Zvinodyiwa, 1th chikamu.
Nzira dzekubika: salting mushure mekutanga kurapwa nekubikira kana kunyura, unogona kunyura. Yagara iri imwe yehowa dzinodiwa uye dzinonaka muNyika Yedu.
Ona kuti howa chaihwo hunoratidzika sei mumifananidzo iyi:
Zamu dema
Howa hutema, kana nigella (Lactarius necator) - inofarirwa inonaka yevakawanda s nekuda kweiyo crispy state mushure memunyu. Howa uhwu hunomera munzvimbo dzine machakwi kana kuti pedyo nenzvimbo dzine mvura dzesango, kazhinji dzisiri kure nenzira dzemusango.
Ko howa hutema hunomera kupi? masango akavhenganiswa uye coniferous, kazhinji munzvimbo dzakachena, anoumba mycorrhiza ne birch, kazhinji inokura mumapoka.
Mwaka: August-November.
Iyo kapu yemhando iyi yehowa ine dhayamita ye5-15 cm, dzimwe nguva inosvika 22 cm, pakutanga yakanyunguduka, yozotsvedzerera nepakati yakaora mwoyo, mune diki mienzaniso ine mipendero inonzwa yakakotama, iyo inobva yatwasuka uye inogona kuva. yakatsemuka, inonamira uye inonamira mumamiriro ekunze akanyorova uye mucosa ine inconspicuous concentric zones. Chinhu chakasiyana-siyana chezvipenyu ndeyerima ruvara rwechivharo: olive-brown kana greenish-black.
Dzinde ipfupi, gobvu, 3-8 cm kureba uye 1,53 cm mukobvu, yakatetepa pasi, yakatsetseka, yakatetepa, kazhinji yakafanana neruvara rwekepisi, asi yakareruka kumusoro.
Sezvinoonekwa mumufananidzo, iyo pulp yemhando iyi yehowa howa ichena, ichishanduka brown kana kusviba pakucheka:
Iyo pulp inoburitsa yakawanda chena inopisa muto wemukaka. Spore powder ine yellowish.
Mahwendefa acho anowanzo, akatetepa, achidzika padzinde, ane forogo-matavi, akacheneruka kana kuti akacheneruka yero, kazhinji ane ruvara rwegirini, anosviba kana akadzvanywa.
Variability. Rudzi rwechivharo, zvichienderana nehuwandu hwekukura uye nzvimbo yejografi, inosiyana kubva kune yakasviba zvachose kusvika kune dema-dema.
Zvinodyiwa, 3th chikamu.
Kubika nzira: salting mushure mekutanga kurapwa nekufashaidza kana kunyura. Kana yaiswa munyu, ruvara rwekapu inova cherry tsvuku kana yepepuru-tsvuku.
mhiripiri
Kunhonga mwaka wehowa mhiripiri (Lactarius piperatus): Chikunguru-Gunyana.
Chivharo chine dhayamita ye5-15 cm, pakutanga convex, uye yakatsetseka nepakati yakaora mwoyo, mune zviduku zviduku zvine mipendero yakakotama pasi, iyo inobva yatwasuka uye yava wavy. Nzvimbo yacho yakachena, matte, inowanzovharwa nemavara matsvuku munzvimbo yepakati uye kuputika.
Gumbo ipfupi, gobvu, 3-9 cm kureba uye 1,53,5-XNUMX masendimita gobvu, rakasimba uye rakanyanyisa, rinotsvedza pazasi, rine nzvimbo yakatsetseka, yakaunyana zvishoma.
Nyama yakachena, yakasimba, asi ine brittle, ine moto unopisa, inobudisa muto wakachena wemukaka une peppery kuravira, iyo inova yemuorivhi yakasvibirira kana bluish mumhepo.
Mahwendefa acho anowanzoitika, achidzika pamwe chete nedzinde, akacheneruka, kazhinji ane pink tint kana dzvuku makwapa, kwete yakafara, dzimwe nguva forogo.
Variability. Rudzi rwechivharo, zvichienderana nehuwandu hwekukura uye nzvimbo yejografi, inosiyana kubva kuchena zvachose kusvika kune-chena-chena ine girinhi kana tsvuku mavara. Mumhepo, nyama chena inova yegirini-yero.
Mhando dzakafanana. Peppercorn inoita sehowa violin (Lactarius volemus), iyo iyo ngowani ine inonzwa yakachena kana yakachena-cream pamusoro, muto wemukaka wakachena, usina-caustic, unoshanduka tsvuku kana wakaomeswa, mahwendefa ari kamu kana machena-cream.
Nzira dzekubika: salting mushure mekutanga kurapwa nekubikira kana kunyura.
Zvinodyiwa, 4th chikamu.