“Tingatarisira sei kuti rugare nebudiriro zvichatonga pasi pano kana miviri yedu iri makuva mapenyu anovigwa mhuka dzakafa?” Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy
Hurukuro yakafara pamusoro pekuramba kushandiswa kwezvigadzirwa zvemhuka, pamwe neshanduko kune kudya kwezvirimwa, kudiwa kwekushandisa zvine musoro uye zvine hungwaru kwekushandisa zvakatipoteredza, kwakatanga muna 1878, apo magazini yeRussia Vestnik Evropy yakaburitsa chinyorwa na. Andrey Beketov pamusoro pe "Izvino uye Remangwana rekudya kwevanhu."
Andrey Beketov – purofesa-botanist uye rector of St. Petersburg University muna 1876-1884. Akanyora basa rekutanga munhoroondo yeRussia panyaya yezvinomera. Chinyorwa chake chakabatsira mukusimudzirwa kwesangano rinotsvaga kubvisa paradigm yekudyiwa kwenyama, pamwe nekuratidza nzanga unzenza uye kukuvadza kuhutano kunobva mukudya zvigadzirwa zvemhuka. Beketov akapokana kuti chirongwa chekudya kwevanhu chinogadziriswa kugaya miriwo, miriwo uye michero. Chinyorwa ichi chakabatawo nyaya yekusashanda zvakanaka mukupfuya zvipfuyo zvichikonzerwa nekuti kurimwa kwechikafu chezvipfuyo kunoda zvekushandisa zvakanyanya, asi munhu achikwanisa kushandisa zvirimwa izvi kurima chikafu chake. Uyezve, zvokudya zvakawanda zvezvirimwa zvine mapuroteni akawanda kupfuura nyama.
Beketov akasvika pakugumisa kuti kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwevanhu pasi rose kuchaita kuti pave nekushaikwa kwemafuro anowanikwa, izvo zvichazobatsira mukuderedza kubereka kwemombe. Chirevo pamusoro pekudiwa kwekudya kwezvose zviri zviviri zvekudya zvezvirimwa nemhuka, akazviona serusaruro uye aive nechokwadi chechokwadi kuti munhu anokwanisa kugamuchira simba rose rinodiwa kubva kuumambo hwemiti. Pamugumo werondedzero yake, anozivisa zvikonzero zvetsika zvokuramba kudya zvinhu zvemhuka: “Chiratidzo chakakwirira zvikuru choukuru netsika zvomunhu rudo nokuda kwezvisikwa zvose zvipenyu, nokuda kwechinhu chiri chose chinogara muChisiko Chapose pose, kwete bedzi nokuda kwavanhu. . Rudo rwakadaro harugoni kuva nechokuita nokuurayiwa kwemhuka kwose kwose. Mushure mezvose, kuvenga kudeura ropa ndicho chiratidzo chekutanga chevanhu. (Andrey Beketov, 1878)
Leo Tolstoy rakanga riri rokutanga, makore 14 pashure pokubudiswa kwerondedzero yaBeketov, uyo akatendeudzira meso avanhu vaiva mukati medzimba dzokuurayira ndokutaura pamusoro pezvaiitika mukati memadziro avo. Muna 1892, akabudisa nyaya inonzi , iyo yakakonzera mhirizhonga munzanga uye yakadanwa nevenguva yake "Bible of Russian Vegetarianism." Munyaya yake, akasimbisa kuti munhu anogona kuva munhu akakura pakunamata kana achiedza kuzvichinja. Kuziva kurega kubva pakudya kwemhuka kubva kuchava chiratidzo chekuti chishuvo chekuzvivandudza kwehunhu chemunhu chakakomba uye chechokwadi, anonyora.
Tolstoy anotaura nezvekushanyira imba yekuurayira muTula, uye tsananguro iyi ndiyo inonyanya kurwadza yebasa raTolstoy. Achiratidza kutyisa kwezviri kuitika, anonyora kuti “hatina kodzero yokuzvipembedza nokusaziva. Isu hatisi mhou, zvinoreva kuti hatifanire kufunga kuti kana tikasaona chinhu nemaziso edu, hazviitike.” (Leo Tolstoy, 1892).
Pamwe chete naLeo Tolstoy, ndinoda kutaura nezvevanhu vane mukurumbira se Ilya Repin - zvichida mumwe wevanyori vakuru veRussia, Nikolai Ge – pendi ane mukurumbira Nikolay Leskov - munyori uyo, kekutanga munhoroondo yezvinyorwa zveRussia, akaratidzira mudyari semunhu mukuru (, 1889 uye, 1890).
Leo Tolstoy pachake akatendeuka kuva vegetarianism muna 1884. Zvinosuruvarisa, kuchinja kwekudyara kwekudya kwakagara kwenguva pfupi, uye mushure mechinguva akadzokera kukushandiswa kwemazai, kushandiswa kwezvipfeko zvematehwe uye zvigadzirwa zvemvere.
Mumwe akakurumbira weRussia chimiro uye miriwo - Paolo Troubetzkoy, muvezi nenyanzvi ane mukurumbira pasi rose uyo akafananidzira Leo Tolstoy naBernard Shaw, uyo akagadzirawo shongwe yaAlexander III. Akanga ari wekutanga kuratidza pfungwa yezvinomera mukuveza - "Divoratori di cadaveri" 1900.
Hazvibviri kusayeuka vakadzi vaviri vakanaka vakabatanidza hupenyu hwavo nekupararira kwezvinomera, maitiro ehutsika kune mhuka muRussia: Natalia Nordman и Anna Barikova.
Natalia Nordman akatanga kuunza dzidziso uye tsika yezvokudya zvakasvibirira paakapa hurukuro pamusoro pehurukuro muna 1913. Zvakaoma kuwedzeredza basa uye mupiro waAnna Barikova, uyo akashandura uye akabudisa mavhoriyamu mashanu aJohn Guy pamusoro penyaya yeutsinye. kubiridzira mhuka nekunyengera uye unzenza.