Maererano nemaonero agara aripo, kuchembera kweuropi kunotanga kana mwana ava kuyaruka. Nhamba yepamusoro yeiyi nzira inowira pamakore ekukura. Zvisinei, zvino zvakasimbiswa kuti uropi hwomunhu hunokwanisa kuchinja, kudzorera uye kuvandudza, uye pamwero usingagumi. Izvi zvinotevera kubva pane izvi kuti chinhu chikuru chinokonzera uropi haisi zera, asi maitiro emunhu muupenyu hwose.
Pane maitiro ekuti "restart" subcortical white matter neurons (pamwe chete inonzi basal nucleus); mukati memaitiro aya, uropi hunoshanda nenzira yakasimudzirwa. Iyo nucleus basalis inomutsa maitiro ehuropi neuroplasticity. Izwi rekuti neuroplasticity rinoreva kugona kudzora mamiriro ehuropi uye kuchengetedza kushanda kwayo.
Nezera, kune kuderera kuduku mukushanda kwehuropi, asi hazvina kukosha sezvakambofungidzirwa nenyanzvi. Izvo zvinogoneka kwete chete kugadzira mitsva neural nzira, asiwo kuvandudza yekare; izvi zvinogona kuitwa kweupenyu hwese hwemunhu. Kuti uwane zvose zvekutanga uye zvechipiri zvinobvumira kushandiswa kwemamwe maitiro. Panguva imwecheteyo, zvinotendwa kuti maitiro akanaka pamuviri wemunhu anowanikwa nematanho aya anopfuurira kwenguva yakareba.
Mugumisiro wakafanana unobvira nemhaka yokuti mifungo yomunhu inokwanisa kupesvedzera majini ake. Zvinowanzogamuchirwa kuti genetic material yakagarwa nhaka nemunhu kubva kumadzitateguru avo haikwanisi kuchinja. Zvinoenderana nekutenda kwakapararira, munhu anogamuchira kubva kuvabereki vake mikwende yese yavakawana kubva kumadzitateguru avo (kureva, majini anosarudza kuti ndeupi munhu achava akareba uye akaomarara, zvirwere zvipi zvichange zvakaita kwaari, nezvimwewo). uye mukwende uyu haugone kuchinjwa. Zvisinei, chaizvoizvo, majini omunhu anogona kupesvedzerwa muupenyu hwake hwose. Vanopesvedzerwa nezviito zvemutakuri wavo, uye nemifungo yake, manzwiro ake, uye zvaanotenda.
Parizvino, chokwadi chinotevera chinozivikanwa: kuti munhu anodya sei uye mararamiro aanorarama anokanganisa majini ake. Kuita zvemuviri nezvimwe zvinhu zvinosiyawo chiratidzo pazviri. Nhasi, nyanzvi dziri kuita tsvakurudzo mumunda wekupesvedzera kunoitwa pamajeni nechikamu chepfungwa - pfungwa, manzwiro, kutenda kwemunhu. Vanamazvikokota vave vachigutsikana kakawanda kuti makemikari anokonzerwa nekushanda kwepfungwa dzevanhu ane simba guru pane majini ake. Huyero hwekukanganisa kwavo hunofananidzwa nekukanganisa kunoitwa paiyo genetic zvinhu nekushandurwa kwekudya, mararamiro kana pekugara.
Zvidzidzo zvinoratidzei?
Maererano naDr. Dawson Church, kuedza kwake kunosimbisa kuti mifungo yomunhu nokutenda zvinogona kuita kuti majini ane chokuita nehosha uye apore. Maererano naye, muviri wemunhu unoverenga mashoko kubva muuropi. Maererano nesayenzi, munhu anongova nekamwe dzinza risingagoni kuchinjwa. Zvakadaro, basa rakakosha rinoitwa iro majini ane pesvedzero pakuona kweanotakura uye pane akasiyana maitiro anoitika mumuviri wake, anodaro Church.
Ongororo yakaitwa paOhio University yakaratidza zvakajeka mwero wesimba rekushanda kwepfungwa pakuvandudzwa kwemuviri. Vakaroorana vakabatanidzwa mukuitwa kwayo. Imwe neimwe yezvidzidzo yakapihwa kukuvara kudiki paganda, zvichikonzera blister. Pashure pacho, varoorani vacho vaifanira kuitisa kurukurirano pamusoro pechinyorwa chisingaoneki kwemaminitsi 30 kana kuti kupopotedzana panyaya ipi neipi.
Mushure mekuedza, kwemavhiki akati wandei, nyanzvi dzakayera kudzika muzvinhu zvipenyu zvezvidzidzo zvemapuroteni matatu anokanganisa mwero wekupodzwa kwemaronda eganda. Zvigumisiro zvakaratidza kuti vatori vechikamu vakapinda mukukakavadzana uye vakaratidza kukanganisa kukuru uye kuoma, zvinyorwa zvemapuroteni aya zvakashanduka kuva 40% yakaderera pane avo vakataurirana pane imwe nyaya isinganzwisisiki; zvakafanana zvinoshandiswa pachiyero chekuvandudzwa kweronda - yakanga yakaderera nezana rimwe chete. Ichitaura pamusoro pekuedza, Chechi inopa tsananguro inotevera yezvinoitika zvinoramba zvichiitika: puroteni inogadzirwa mumuviri iyo inotanga basa remajini ane basa rekuzvarwa patsva. Majini anoshandisa stem masero kuvaka masero matsva eganda kuti aidzorere. Asi pasi pekunetseka, simba remuviri rinoshandiswa pakusunungurwa kwezvinhu zvinoshungurudza (adrenaline, cortisol, norepinephrine). Muchiitiko ichi, chiratidzo chinotumirwa kune majini ekuporesa chinova chisina kusimba. Izvi zvinotungamirira kune chokwadi chokuti kuporesa kunononoka zvakanyanya. Pane zvinopesana, kana muviri usingamanikidzwi kupindura kune kutyisidzira kwekunze, masimba awo ese anoshandiswa mukurapa.
Nei zvichikosha?
Kuzvarwa, munhu ane imwe genetic nhaka inovimbisa kushanda kwakanaka kwemuviri panguva yemazuva ese ekuita zvemuviri. Asi kugona kwemunhu kuchengetedza kugadzikana kwepfungwa kunokanganisa zvakananga kugona kwemuviri kushandisa kugona kwayo. Kunyange kana munhu akanyura mupfungwa dzehasha, pane nzira dzaanogona kushandisa kugadzirisa nzira dzake kuti atsigire maitiro asina simba. Kushungurudzika nguva dzose kunobatsira pakukwegura kweuropi nguva isati yakwana.
Kushungurudzika kunoperekedza munhu muhupenyu hwake hwese. Heano maonero aDr. Harvard Phyllitt wekuUnited States, purofesa wezvokurapa paNew York School of Medicine (Phyllitt anotungamirawo hwaro hunogadzira mishonga mitsva kune avo vanotambura nechirwere cheAlzheimer). Maererano naPhyllit, kukanganisa kukuru kwemuviri kunokonzerwa nekushungurudzika kwepfungwa kunonzwiwa nemunhu mukati sekuita kwekunze kwekunze. Ichi chirevo chinosimbisa kuti muviri unopa imwe mhinduro kune zvakaipa zvekunze zvinhu. Kuita kwakafanana kwemuviri wemunhu kune simba pauropi; mugumisiro wacho kukanganiswa kwepfungwa kwakasiyana-siyana, somuenzaniso, kukanganisa kuyeuka. Kushungurudzika kunoita kuti munhu arasikirwe nendangariro pakuchembera uye zvakare ingozi yechirwere cheAlzheimer. Panguva imwe cheteyo, munhu angava nokunzwa kwokuti akura zvikuru (maererano nomubato wendangariro) kupfuura zvaari chaizvoizvo.
Migumisiro yekuedza kwakaitwa nemasayendisiti paYunivhesiti yeCalifornia yakaratidza kuti kana muviri uchigara uchimanikidzirwa kupindura kunetseka, mugumisiro unogona kuva kuderera kwechikamu chinokosha chemuviri weuropi - hippocampus. Ichi chikamu chehuropi chinomutsa maitiro anobvisa mhedzisiro yekushushikana, uye zvakare inovimbisa kushanda kwekurangarira kwenguva refu. Muchiitiko ichi, tiri kutaurawo pamusoro pekuratidzwa kweuroplasticity, asi pano hazvina kunaka.
Kuzorora, munhu anoitisa zvirongwa panguva yaanobvisa zvachose chero mifungo - aya matanho anobvumidza iwe kukurumidza kugadzirisa pfungwa uye, semhedzisiro, gadzirisa mwero wezvinonetsa mumuviri uye gene kutaura. Uyezve, zviitwa izvi zvine chekuita nekuumbwa kwehuropi.
Imwe yemisimboti yakakosha yeuroplasticity ndeyekuti nekukurudzira nzvimbo dzehuropi dzinoita manzwiro akanaka, unogona kusimbisa neural kubatana. Izvi zvinogona kufananidzwa nekusimbisa tsandanyama kuburikidza nekurovedza muviri. Kune rumwe rutivi, kana munhu achiwanzofunga nezvezvinhu zvinoshungurudza, kunzwisiswa kwecerebellar amygdala yake, iyo inonyanya kukonzera manzwiro asina kunaka, inowedzera. Hanson anotsanangura kuti nezviito zvakadaro munhu anowedzera kukanganisa kwehuropi hwake uye, semugumisiro, mune ramangwana anotanga kugumbuka nekuda kwezvinhu zviduku zvakasiyana.
Iyo tsinga yemagetsi inoona mafambiro munhengo dzemukati dzemuviri nekubatanidzwa kwechikamu chepakati cheuropi, chinonzi "chitsuwa". Pamusana pemafungiro aya, anonzi interoception, panguva yekurovedza muviri, muviri wemunhu unodzivirirwa kubva pakukuvara; inobvumira munhu kunzwa kuti zvinhu zvose zvakajairika nemuviri, anodaro Hanson. Mukuwedzera, apo “chitsuwa” chiri mumugariro une utano, kunzwa kwomunhu nokunzwira urombo kunowedzera. Iyo anterior cingulate cortex ine basa rekuisa pfungwa. Idzi nzvimbo dzinogona kukanganiswa nehunyanzvi hwekuzorodza matekiniki, kuwana mhedzisiro yakanaka pamuviri.
Mukukwegura, kuvandudzwa kwebasa repfungwa kunobvira gore negore.
Kwemakore akawanda, maonero akapararira aiva okuti kana munhu asvika zera repakati nepakati, uropi hwomunhu hunotanga kurasikirwa nokuchinja uye mano. Asi miuyo yezviitwa zvenguva pfupi yapfuura yakaratidza kuti paunosvika zera repakati, uropi hunokwanisa kusvika pamusoro pezvahunokwanisa. Maererano neongororo, makore aya anonyanya kufarirwa nebasa reuropi rinonyanya kushanda, zvisinei nemaitiro akaipa emunhu. Zvisarudzo zvakaitwa pazera rino zvinoratidzwa nekuziva kukuru, sezvo munhu achitungamirirwa neruzivo.
Nyanzvi dzinobatanidzwa mukudzidza kwehuropi dzakagara dzichipikisa kuti kukwegura kwenhengo iyi kunokonzerwa nekufa kwemanyutroni - masero europi. Asi pakuongorora uropi uchishandisa michina yemhando yepamusoro, zvakaonekwa kuti muhuropi hwakawanda mune nhamba imwe cheteyo yetsinga kweupenyu hwose. Nepo zvimwe zvinhu zvekuchembera zvichikonzera humwe hunyanzvi hwepfungwa (senge nguva yekuita) kudzikira, ma neuron anogara achizadzikiswa.
Muchiitiko ichi - "bilateralization of the brain", sezvinodanwa nenyanzvi - zvose hemispheres inobatanidzwa zvakaenzana. Mumakore ekuma1990 masayendisiti eCanada paYunivhesiti yeToronto, achishandisa teknolojia yemazuva ano yekuongorora uropi, akakwanisa kuona basa rake. Kuenzanisa basa rehuropi hwevechidiki uye vanhu vepakati-kati, kuedza kwakaitwa pakucherechedza uye kukwanisa kuyeuka. Vaidzidza vakaratidzwa mapikicha ezviso zvine mazita avaifanira kukurumidza kuyeuka, ipapo vaifanira kutaura zita remumwe nemumwe wavo.
Nyanzvi dzakatenda kuti vatori vechikamu vezera repakati vaizoita zvakanyanya pane basa racho, zvisinei, zvinopesana nezvaitarisirwa, mapoka ose maviri akaratidza migumisiro yakafanana. Mukuwedzera, chimwe chiitiko chakakonzera kushamisika kwemasayendisiti. Pakuitisa positron emission tomography, zvinotevera zvakawanikwa: muvechidiki, activation yeneural connections yakaitika mune imwe nzvimbo yehuropi, uye muvanhu vepakati-kati, mukuwedzera kune iyi nharaunda, chikamu che prefrontal. cortex yeuropi yakabatanidzwawo. Zvichienderana neizvi nezvimwe zvidzidzo, nyanzvi dzakatsanangura chiitiko ichi nenyaya yekuti zvidzidzo kubva muboka rezera repakati mune chero nzvimbo yeneural network inogona kuve nekuperevedza; panguva ino, chimwe chikamu chehuropi chakaitwa kuti chipe. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti nekufamba kwemakore vanhu vanoshandisa pfungwa dzavo zvakanyanya. Pamusoro peizvi, mumakore akura, neural network mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzehuropi inosimbiswa.
Uropi hwemunhu hunokwanisa kukunda mamiriro ezvinhu, kuadzivisa, achishandisa kushanduka kwawo. Kunyatsoteerera utano hwake kunobatsira pakuti anoratidza migumisiro iri nani. Maererano nevatsvakurudzi, mamiriro ake ezvinhu anokonzerwa nekudya kwakakodzera, kuzorora, kurovedza pfungwa (kushanda pamabasa ekuwedzera kuoma, kuongorora chero nzvimbo ipi zvayo), basa remuviri, nezvimwe zvinhu izvi zvinogona kukanganisa uropi pazera ripi neripi - semu. pwere pamwe chete nokuchembera.