Risingaoneki nemaziso edu, zvisinei rinopa chengeteko, masikati nousiku. Kungave kurapa hutachiona hwenzeve kana kenza, immune system yakakosha.

Iyo immune system inoumbwa nehurongwa hwekudyidzana kwakaoma kunosanganisira akawanda akasiyana nhengo, maseru uye zvinhu. Ruzhinji rwemasero haawanikwe muropa, asi muunganidzwa wenhengo dzinonzi lymphoid organ.

• La bone marrow uye thymus. Nhengo idzi dzinogadzira masero ekudzivirira zvirwere (lymphocytes).
• La rate, ivo lymph nodes, ivo toni uye lymphoid cell clusters iri pa mucous membranes yekugaya, kufema, geni uye urinary maturakiti. Kazhinji mumitezo yemativi aya ndimo umo masero anodaidzwa kuti adavire.

Kumhanya kwechiito che immune system kwakakosha zvakanyanya. Izvi zvinobva, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, pakubudirira kwekutaurirana pakati pevatambi vakasiyana-siyana vanobatanidzwa. Cardiovascular system ndiyo yega nzira inobatanidza nhengo dze lymphoid.

Kunyangwe isu tisingakwanise kutsanangura maitiro ese, isu tave kuziva kuti kune kwakakosha kudyidzana pakati pe immune system, tsinga uye endocrine system. Zvimwe zvivhariso zvemasero edziviriro zvinofananidzwa nemahomoni akadzivirirwa ne endocrine glands, uye nhengo dze lymphoid dzine mareceptor etsinga nemahomoni.

Matanho ekupindura kwe immune anogona kukamurwa kuita maviri:

• mhinduro isingatarisirwi, iyo inoumba "innate immune immune" (inonzi zita nekuti iripo kubva pakuzvarwa), inoita pasina kurangarira chimiro cheiyo micro-organism yainorwa;
• iyo chaiyo mhinduro, iyo inopa "yakawanikwa kusadzivirirwa", inosanganisira kucherechedzwa kwemumiriri kuti arwiswe uye kuyeuka chiitiko ichi.

Zvipingamupinyi zvemuviri

La ganda uye mucous membranes ndizvo zvekutanga zvipingamupinyi zvechisikigo izvo vanorwisa vanouya kuzorwisa. Ganda ndiro nhengo hombe mumuviri uye rinopa dziviriro inoshamisa kubva kuzvirwere. Pamusoro pekugadzira chimiro chemuviri pakati pezvakatipoteredza uye masisitimu edu akakosha, inopa nharaunda inovenga tupukanana: pamusoro payo ine acidic zvishoma uye pane yakaoma, uye yakafukidzwa ne "akanaka" mabhakitiriya. Izvi zvinotsanangura kuti nei kunyanyisa utsanana kusiri chinhu chakanaka kune hutano hwako.

Muromo, maziso, nzeve, mhino, weti nenhengo dzakavandika zvichiri kupa nzira dzeutachiona. Nzira idzi dzinewo dziviriro yadzo. Semuyenzaniso, kukosora uye kutsvedza mafungiro anosundira tupukanana kubva mumhepo.

L'inflammation

Kuzvimba ndiyo yekutanga chipingamupinyi chakasangana ne pathogenic microorganisms inoyambuka muviri wedu envelopu. Kufanana neganda uye mucous membranes, rudzi urwu rwekuzvidzivirira kwezvirwere runoshanda pasina kuziva chimiro chemumiririri ari kurwisa. Chinangwa chekuzvimba ndechekuita kuti vanorwisa uye vagadzirise matishu (muchiitiko chekukuvara). Heano matanho makuru ekuzvimba.

• La vasodilatation uye chikuru kurerukirwa capillaries munzvimbo yakakanganiswa ine mhedzisiro yekuwedzera kuyerera kweropa (inotarisira tsvuku) uye kubvumira kusvika kwevatambi vekuputika.
• Kuparadzwa kwezvirwere ne phagocytes : rudzi rwemasero machena eropa anokwanisa kutora pathogenic microorganisms kana mamwe masero anorwara uye anoaparadza. Kune marudzi akawanda: monocytes, neutrophils, macrophages uye masero anouraya echisikigo (NK masero).
• Iyo system ye kuwirirana, iyo inosanganisira anenge makumi maviri mapuroteni anoita mu cascade uye anobvumira kuparadzwa kwakananga kwehutachiona. Iyo yekuwedzera sisitimu inogona kuitwa neiyo hutachiona pachayo kana neiyo chaiyo immune immune mhinduro (ona pazasi).

Interferon

Muchiitiko chehutachiona hwehutachiona, iyo interferon ma glycoprotein anotadzisa kuwanda kwehutachiona mukati memasero. Kana yave yakavanzwa, inopararira mukati mematishu uye inokurudzira maseru ekudzivirira ekudzivirira. Kuvapo kwehutachiona hwehutachiona hunogonawo kukonzera kugadzirwa kwe interferon.

Apa ndipo panopinda malymphocyte, rudzi rwesero jena reropa iro rinosiyaniswa makirasi maviri: B lymphocytes uye T lymphocytes.

• The B masero nhoroondo inenge 10% ye lymphocytes inotenderera muropa. Kana immune system ikasangana nemumiriri wekunze, masero eB anokurudzirwa, anowedzera uye otanga kuburitsa masoja ekudzivirira chirwere. Masoja ekudzivirira chirwere mapuroteni anozvibatanidza kune mapuroteni ekunze; iyi ndiyo inotangira kuparadzwa kwepathogen.
• The T lymphocytes inomiririra zvinopfuura 80% zve lymphocytes mukutenderera. Kune marudzi maviri eT lymphocytes: cytotoxic T masero ayo, kana aitwa, anoparadza zvakananga masero ane mavhairasi uye bundu masero, uye mufambisi T masero, ayo anodzora zvimwe zvikamu zvemhinduro yekudzivirira.

Mhinduro chaiyo yekudzivirira muviri inogadzira kusadzivirirwa, iyo inokura nekufamba kwemakore nekuda kwekusangana kwemuviri wedu nemamwe mamorekuru ekunze. Nekudaro, immune system yedu inorangarira mamwe mabhakitiriya uye mavhairasi ayo atosangana nawo kuitira kuti kusangana kwechipiri kuve kwakanyanya uye nekukurumidza. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti munhu mukuru ane ndangariro 10⁹ Pa 10¹¹ mapuroteni akasiyana ekunze. Izvi zvinotsanangura kuti nei munhu asingabati hukupox uye mononucleosis kaviri, semuenzaniso. Zvinonakidza kuziva kuti mhedzisiro yejekiseni ndeyekukurudzira iyi ndangariro yekutanga kusangana nehutachiona.

Bibliographie

Canadian Medical Association. Mhuri Medical Encyclopedia, Yakasarudzwa kubva muReader's Digest, Canada, 1993.

Starnbach MN (Ed). Chokwadi nezvesimba romuviri wako rokudzivirira zvirwere; zvaunoda kuziva, Mutungamiri uye Shamwari dzeHarvard College, United States, 2004.

Vander Aj et al. Human physiology, Les Éditions de la Chenelière Inc., Canada, 1995.