Mafambiro anotarisa kuti sei tichida kusimudzira mafoto edu enhau tichitambura nemikana ye "makeup" yedhijitari.
"Kuvandudza" mufananidzo wekunze wakatanga panguva iyo munhu wekutanga akatarisa mugirazi. Kusunga tsoka, kusviba mazino, kusvibisa miromo ne mercury, kushandisa poda ine arsenic - eras yakashanduka, pamwe chete nepfungwa yekunaka, uye vanhu vauya nenzira itsva dzekusimbisa kukwezva. Mazuvano, haungashamise chero munhu ane makeup, zvitsitsinho, kuzvicheka-cheka, zvipfeko zvemukati zvekumanikidza kana push-up bra. Nekubatsirwa kwenzira dzekunze, vanhu vanotumira nzvimbo yavo, nyika yavo yemukati, mafungiro kana mamiriro kune kunze.
Nekudaro, kana zvasvika pamifananidzo, vataridzi vakagadzirira kutsvaga maratidziro ePhotoshop kuitira kuti vafumure iye akaishandisa. Ndeupi mutsauko uripo pakati pemavanga pasi pemaziso, akazorwa nebhurashi remake-up artist, uye akadzimwa nesmart neural network? Uye kana iwe ukatarisa zvakanyanya, kushandiswa kwe retouch kunokanganisa sei maonero edu kune chitarisiko chedu uye chitarisiko chevamwe?
Photoshop: Kutanga
Kutora mifananidzo kwakava mutsivi wekupenda, uye saka padanho rekutanga akateedzera nzira yekugadzira chifananidzo: kazhinji mutori wemifananidzo akawedzera zvakakosha mumufananidzo uye akabvisa zvakawandisa. Iyi yaive tsika yakajairika, nekuti maartist aipenda mifananidzo kubva kune zvakasikwa aifarirawo mamodheru avo munzira dzakawanda. Kuderedza mhino, kuderedza chiuno, kugadzirisa makwinya - zvikumbiro zvevanhu vanokudzwa hazvina kutisiya mukana wekuziva kuti vanhu ava vaitaridzika sei mazana emakore apfuura. Sezvakangoita mukutora mifananidzo, kupindira hakuna kugara kuchivandudza mhedzisiro.
Mumafoto studios, ayo akatanga kuvhurwa mumaguta mazhinji nekutanga kwekugadzirwa kwemakamera, pamwe nevatori vemifananidzo, kwaivewo nevagadziri vevashandi. Nyanzvi yezvekutora mifananidzo uye nyanzvi Franz Fiedler akanyora kuti: “Idzo masitudiyo emifananidzo ayo akashingairira kuita zvokubata patsva aidiwa. Makwinya pazviso zvakazorwa; zviso zvitsvuku zvaka“cheneswa” chose nokubatwa patsva; vanambuya vakashanduka kuita vasikana vadiki; hunhu hwemunhu hwakadzimwa zvachose. Mask isina chinhu, yakati sandara yaionekwa semufananidzo wakabudirira. Kuravira kwakashata hakuna muganhu, uye kutengeserana kwayo kwakabudirira.
Zvinoita sekuti dambudziko rakanyorerwa naFiedler makore angangoita zana nemakumi mashanu apfuura harina kurasikirwa nekukosha kwaro kunyangwe izvozvi.
Photo retouching yakagara iripo senzira inodiwa yekugadzirira chifananidzo kuti chidhindwe. Yakanga iri uye inoramba iri kudikanwa kwekugadzira, pasina iyo kudhindwa kusingabviri. Nerubatsiro rwekugadzirisa, semuenzaniso, havana kungogadzirisa zviso zvevatungamiriri vebato, asi zvakare vakabvisa vanhu vaipokana pane imwe nguva kubva pamifananidzo. Nekudaro, kana pakutanga, isati yasvika tekinoroji mukuvandudzwa kweruzivo rwekutaurirana, havasi vese vaiziva nezvekugadzirisa mapikicha, saka nekuvandudzwa kweInternet, munhu wese akawana mukana we "kuva iwo akanakisa vhezheni yavo".
Photoshop 1990 yakaburitswa mu1.0. Pakutanga, aishandira zvaidiwa neindasitiri yokudhinda. Muna 1993, chirongwa chakauya kuWindows, uye Photoshop yakapinda mukutenderera, ichipa vashandisi sarudzo dzaimbova dzisingafungidzirwe. Kwemakore makumi matatu ekuvapo kwayo, chirongwa ichi chakachinja zvakanyanya maonero edu emuviri wemunhu, nekuti mizhinji yemifananidzo yatinoona ikozvino yakadzokororwa. Nzira yekuzvida yave yakaoma. “Mafungiro akawanda uye kunyange vhiringidziko dzepfungwa dzakavakirwa pamusiyano uri pakati pemifananidzo yomunhu chaiyeiye neyaiye chaiyeiye. Munhu chaiye anozviona sei. Munhu akakodzera ndizvo zvaanoda kuva. Kukura kwakaita musiyano uripo pakati pemifananidzo miviri iyi, ndiko kuwedzera kusagutsikana newe, ”akadaro Daria Averkova, chiremba wepfungwa, nyanzvi paCBT Clinic, padambudziko iri.
Sezvakaita kubva pakavha
Mushure mekugadzirwa kwePhotoshop, hutsinye hwekugadzirisa mapikicha hwakatanga kuwedzera. Chimiro chakatanga kutorwa nemagazini anopenya, akatanga kugadzirisa miviri yatove yakakwana yemamodheru, ichigadzira mwero mutsva wekunaka. Chokwadi chakatanga kushanduka, ziso remunhu rakajairira kune canonical 90-60-90.
Kunyomba kwekutanga kwakabatana nekunyepedzera kwemifananidzo inopenya kwakabuda muna 2003. Titanic nyeredzi Kate Winslet akapomera pachena GQ kuti igadzirise mufananidzo wake webutiro. Mutambi, uyo anoshingairira kusimudzira runako rwechisikigo, akadzoreredza zviuno zvake uye akarebesa makumbo ake kuti arege kutaridzika saiye. Mashoko okunyara okuti “nokuda” kwomuzvarirwo akaitwa nemamwe mabhuku. Semuenzaniso, muna 2009, muFrench Elle akaisa mifananidzo yakasvibirira yevatambi Monica Bellucci naEva Herzigova pachivharo, iyo, uyezve, yakanga isina kupfeka. Zvisinei, ushingi hwekusiya mufananidzo wakakodzera hwakanga husina kukwana kune vose vezvenhau. Munharaunda yehunyanzvi yevanogadzirisa, kunyangwe nhamba dzavo dzenhengo dzemuviri dzinowanzogadziriswa dzakaonekwa: aive maziso nechipfuva.
Iye zvino "clumsy photoshop" inoonekwa seyakaipa fomu mune gloss. Mazhinji ekushambadzira ekushambadzira akavakwa kwete pakusakwana, asi pane kukanganisa kwemuviri wemunhu. Kusvika pari zvino, nzira dzekusimudzira dzakadai dzinokonzera gakava rinopisa pakati pevaverengi, asi pane zvatove nekuchinja kwakanaka kune zvakasikwa, izvo zviri kuita maitiro. Kusanganisira padanho remutemo - muna 2017, vezvenhau veFrance vaisungirwa kumaka "retouched" pamifananidzo vachishandisa Photoshop.
Kubatazve muchanza
Nenguva isipi, kudzoreredza mapikicha, uko kwaisatomborotwa nenyanzvi muma2011, kwakave kuwanikwa kune wese muridzi we smartphone. Snapchat yakatangwa muna 2013, FaceTune muna 2016, uye FaceTune2 muna 2016. Vamwe vavo vakazadza App Store neGoogle Play. Muna XNUMX, Nhau dzakaonekwa pa Instagram platform (yeMeta - inozivikanwa seyakanyanyisa uye yakarambidzwa munyika yedu), uye makore matatu gare gare vagadziri vakawedzera kukwanisa kushandisa mafirita nemasiki kumufananidzo. Zviitiko izvi zvakaratidza kutanga kwenguva nyowani yemifananidzo uye vhidhiyo retouching nekudzvanya kumwe chete.
Zvose izvi zvakawedzera maitiro ekubatana kwechitarisiko chemunhu, kutanga kwacho kunofungidzirwa kuva 1950s - nguva yekuzvarwa kweglossy journalism. Kutenda kuInternet, zviratidzo zverunako zvave kutowedzera pasi rose. Maererano nemunyori wenhau dzakanaka Rachel Weingarten, pamberi pevamiririri vemarudzi akasiyana-siyana vakarota nezvechinhu chimwe chete: vanhu vokuAsia vaishuva ganda-chena-chando, maAfrica neLatinos vaidada nehudyu dzakasvibirira, uye veEurope vaiona serombo rakanaka kuva nemaziso makuru. Ikozvino mufananidzo wemukadzi akakodzera wave wakajairika zvekuti pfungwa dzakatemerwa pamusoro pechitarisiko dzakabatanidzwa muzvirongwa zvekushandisa. Tsiye dzakakora, miromo yakazara, katsi-yakafanana, cheekbones yakakwirira, mhino duku, kugadzira makeup nemiseve - nokuda kwezvose zvakasiyana-siyana zvekushandisa, mafiritsi uye masikisi zvinotarirwa pane chimwe chinhu - kugadzira mufananidzo mumwe we cyborg.
Chishuvo chechimiro chakadaro chinova chisakiso chezvinetso zvakawanda zvendangariro nezvomuviri. "Zvinoita sekunge kushandiswa kwemafirita nemasks kunofanirwa kungotamba mumaoko edu: wakazvibatazve, uye ikozvino hunhu hwako hwedhijitari pasocial network hwatove pedyo zvakanyanya neako akakodzera. Pane zvishoma zvinoti iwe pachako, kushoma kunetseka - inoshanda! Asi dambudziko nderekuti vanhu havana hunhu chete, asiwo hupenyu chaihwo, "anodaro chiremba wepfungwa Daria Averkova.
Masayendisiti anocherekedza kuti Instagram kubva kune inonyanya kufarisa pasocial network iri kushanduka zvishoma nezvishoma kuita ine muchetura, kutepfenyura hupenyu hwakanakisa husipo. Kune vazhinji, iyo app feed haichataridzi seyakanaka foto albhamu, asi ane hukasha ratidziro yezvakabudirira, kusanganisira mukuzviratidzira. Uye zvakare, masocial network akawedzera maitiro ekuona chitarisiko chavo sechinogona kuita purofiti, izvo zvinowedzera kuwedzera mamiriro ezvinhu: zvinoitika kuti kana munhu asingakwanisi kutaridzika akakwana, anonzi ari kurasikirwa nemari nemikana.
Pasinei nenyaya yekuti masocial network anokanganisa hutano hwepfungwa hwehuwandu hwevanhu, kune vazhinji vatsigiri ve "kuzvivandudza" nemaune nerubatsiro rwemafirita. Masks uye editing apps ndeimwe nzira yekuvhiya epurasitiki uye cosmetology, pasina izvo hazvigoneke kuwana Instagram Face, senyeredzi yeiyi social network Kim Kardashian kana wepamusoro modhi Bella Hadid. Ndosaka iyo Internet yakamutswa zvakanyanya nenhau zvekuti Instagram ichabvisa masiki anoshatisa huwandu hwechiso kubva pakushandiswa, uye inoda kumaka mafoto ese akadzoserwa mufidhi nechiratidzo chakakosha uye kunyange kuvavanza.
Sefa yerunako by default
Icho chinhu chimwe kana danho rekugadzirisa selfie yako richiitwa nemunhu iye pachake, uye zvakatosiyana kana zvichiitwa ne-smartphone ine foto retouching basa rakaiswa nekukasira. Mune mamwe madivayiri, haigone kubviswa, chete "chimumumu" chidiki. Zvinyorwa zvakabuda munhau nemusoro wenyaya "Samsung inofunga kuti wakashata", iyo kambani yakapindura kuti iyi yaingova sarudzo nyowani.
MuAsia neSouth Korea, kuunza mufananidzo wemufananidzo kune yakanakira kwakajairika. Kutsvedzerera kweganda, saizi yemaziso, kuwanda kwemiromo, chiuno chechiuno - zvese izvi zvinogona kugadziriswa uchishandisa masiraidhi ekushandisa. Vasikana vanotendeukirawo kumasevhisi evanovhiya epurasitiki, avo vanopa kuita chitarisiko chavo "chishoma cheAsia", padyo nemaitiro ekuEurope runako. Kuenzaniswa neizvi, hutsinye retouching imhando yechiedza vhezheni yekupomba iwe pachako. Kukwezva kunokosha kunyangwe uchisaina kuapplication yekufambidzana. Iyo South Korea sevhisi Amanda "anosvetuka" mushandisi chete kana chimiro chake chakatenderwa neavo vakatogara muchikumbiro. Muchirevo chechinyorwa chino, iyo default retouching sarudzo inoonekwa seyakanyanya kunaka pane kupinda kwekuvanzika.
Dambudziko remasefa, masiki, uye retouching maapplication anogona kunge ari ekuti anoita kuti vanhu vakanaka zvakaenzana nekukodzera chitarisiko chemunhu kune chiyero chakafanana. Kuda kufadza munhu wose kunotungamirira mukurasikirwa kwemunhu pachake, matambudziko epfungwa uye kuramba chitarisiko chake. Instagram Face inomiswa pachigadziko cherunako, kusasanganisa chero mutsauko mumufananidzo. Kunyangwe ichokwadi chekuti mumakore achangopfuura nyika yakatendeukira kune zvakasikwa, ichi hachisati chiri kukunda pane chepfu kugadzirisa, nekuti "runako rwechisikigo", iro rinoreva kutsva uye hudiki, zvakare rinoramba rakagadzirwa nevanhu, uye "makeup pasina makeup" haaiti. kubuda mufashoni.