Mukati
Nguruve yakaonda ine mazita akawanda "kubva kuvanhu" - dunyasha, nzeve yenguruve, yakazara, danga, nguruve, solokha. Kuripoteredza, kwenguva yakareba, kukakavara hakuna kupera - ingave howa iyi inodyiwa kana ine ngozi kuvanhu. Kusvikira kutanga kwe80s yezana remakore rapfuura, nguruve yakaonda yaionekwa seyakachengeteka zvachose kudya, yaigara muenzi pamatafura nenzira yepickles, sechikamu chesobho, sosi uye ndiro dzepadivi. Pashure pa1981, somugumisiro wokutsvakurudza kwenguva refu, vanachiremba nenyanzvi dzezvokudya vakawana kuti zvimwe zvinhu zviri muhowa uhwu zvinogona kuungana mumuviri zvokonzera kukuvara kwakakomba kwahwo. Muna 1993, howa hwakanzi hune chepfu uye husingadyike. Nekudaro, vamwe vanonhonga howa, kunyangwe vane ruzivo uye vakarungwa, vanoramba vachiunganidza nekubika nyama yenguruve yakatetepa, kuidya uye kugovera mabikirwo.
Iyo howa yakajairika, uye "kuonekwa" kwayo dzimwe nguva inotsausa kunyange vane ruzivo vanonhonga howa, sezvo inoratidzika semamwe marudzi ehowa anodyiwa akakodzera munyu.
Nzvimbo dzekukura nekuonekwa kwenguruve ine chepfu
Nguruve yakaonda inogara mumasango ane deciduous uye coniferous, anowanzo kuwanikwa mubirch uye oak thickets, mumakwenzi. Inokurawo pamwe nechekunze kwemachakwi nemipata, pamicheto, mumoss pedyo nechepasi pefirs uye mapaini, pamidzi yemiti yakawa. Fungi rinoda ivhu rakanyorova uye rinowanzowanikwa richikura mumapoka. Iyo inoratidzirwa nepamusoro fecundity munguva yose yekukohwa, iyo inotangira kubva munaJuly kusvika munaOctober.
Chinetso chekuziva nguruve yakaonda ndeyekuti howa hwakanyanya kufanana nehama dzayo dzinodyiwa, uye kune mamwe marudzi akachengeteka.
Chimiro chinosiyanisa chenguruve ndeye nyama gobvu ngowani, ine dhayamita 10 kusvika 20 cm. Chimiro chayo chinosiyana zvichienderana nezera refungus. Chero zvazvingaitika, ine mipendero yakakomberedzwa, mumienzaniso yechidiki kapu yacho inotenderera zvishoma, nekufamba kwenguva inova yakati sandara uye yakaora mwoyo zvishoma pakati, uye muhowa hwekare hwakaita sefunnel. Mupendero hauna kuenzana velvety kune kubata. Mucherechedzo wechivharo unogona kuva wemuorivhi-ruvara kana kupfuura, ocher - izvi zvinoenderanawo nekureba kwenguva yakareba sei mushroom ichikura. Kana mumamiriro okunze akaoma chivharo chehowa chakaoma uye chinobhururuka, zvino mushure memvura inonaya inonamatira uye inotsvedza.
Mahwendefa echivharo ane chimiro chinodzika pamwe chete nedzinde uye ruvara rweyero-ruvara. Iwo akakora, haawanzo, ane spores - brown, yakatsetseka, ellipsoidal muchimiro.
Gumbo renguruve rakaonda uye rakapfupika - kwete kupfuura masendimita gumi, anenge 10-1,5 cm gobvu, mavara anowanzofanana neheti. Mukati haina mhango, kazhinji ine cylindrical chimiro, dzimwe nguva inova mutete kubva pazasi.
Kutarisa kutaridzika uye kunhuwa kwehowa pulp inzira yechokwadi yekuona kuti yakachengeteka sei. Kana yakaputsika kana kucheka, nyama inosviba kubva pakusangana nemhepo, ine hunhu hwakasvibira ruvara uye kunhuhwirira kusingafadzi kwehuni inoora - kusiyana uku kunowanzoita kuti zvikwanise kuziva zvimiro zvisingadyiwi. Kazhinji, mumienzaniso yakakura uye yekare, mukati inodyiwa nemaparasite uye zvipembenene.
Iyo howa yakawana zita rayo chaizvo nekuti inoratidzika senzeve yenguruve: nekuda kwekuti gumbo harina kuwanikwa pakati pekapu, asi rakachinjirwa zvishoma kumucheto, harina chimiro chakatenderedza.
Kufurira pamuviri, migumisiro yekudya nguruve yakaonda
Kusvikira 1993, howa yaionekwa sechinhu chinodyiwa, yakaunganidzwa uye yakakangwa, yakabikwa, yakarungwa. Mushure memakore makumi mapfumbamwe nematatu, yakarongedzerwa sehupfu, asi vazhinji vanonhonga howa, nekuda kwetsika uye kusangwarira kwavo, vachiri kuramba vachiunganidza nekugadzirira "bhomba" rinotyisa. Maitiro echiito chayo akafanana nemhedzisiro yekufumurwa kwemwaranzi: mhedzisiro yakaipa kazhinji haiwanzo kuoneka, asi ine kuwedzera kwekuita, ndiko kuti, chepfu nehowa uhu hunogona kugara. Ichi ndicho chikonzero nei vanhu vachiramba vachishandisa nzeve yenguruve, nevely vachitenda kuti kana zviratidzo zvinotyisa zvikasaonekwa nekukurumidza, saka zvese zvakanaka. Iyi pfungwa isiriyo ine njodzi kune zvikonzero zvakawanda:
- iyo howa ine hemolysin, hemoglutin, lectin, muscarine - zvinhu zvine chepfu, nepo maviri ekupedzisira acho asina kuparadzwa panguva yekupisa kupisa;
- zvinhu zvine chepfu uye zvinokuvadza zviri mufungus hazvina kubviswa kubva mumuviri mukuita kwehupenyu;
- muvanhu vanotambura neitsvo, ndiro kubva kunguruve dzakatetepa dzinogona kukonzera chepfu yakakomba nemhedzisiro inouraya.
Nekuda kwezviri mukati mechepfu muscarine, nzeve yenguruve inofananidzwa nefly agaric. Misiyano ndeyokuti kana iwe ukadya fly agaric, zviratidzo zvehupfu uye rufu zvichaitika mukati mezuva, uye migumisiro yekudya yenguruve ichaonekwa gare gare.
Nguruve yakatetepa inokonzera kusawirirana kwakasimba mumuviri. Somugumisiro wekushandiswa kwefungus, kuchinja kusingagadziriswi kunoitika muropa: ma antibodies kumasero matsvuku eropa anotanga kugadzirwa. Erythrocytes inoparadzwa, anemia uye kutadza kwetsvo kunotanga. Mune ramangwana, kutanga kwechirwere chemoyo, sitiroko kana thrombosis inogoneka.
Thin pigs have strong absorbing properties: they, like a sponge, absorb salts of heavy metals, radioactive isotopes of cesium and copper from the environment. Collected near roads, factories, nuclear power plants, these mushrooms become even more harmful and dangerous. For chronic poisoning, it is enough to periodically consume small amounts of pig’s ear, for example, in a salted form. In the period from 2-3 months to several years, the first health problems may appear.
Izvo zviri pamusoro hazvirevi kuti fungus haigoni kukonzera chepfu yakaoma pakarepo mushure mekudya. Boka rengozi rinosanganisira vana, vakwegura, pamwe chete nevaya vanotambura nezvirwere zvepamuviri uye itsvo. Kwavari, kudya howa ndiro 30-40 maminetsi mushure mekudya kunogona kukonzera zvinotevera zviratidzo:
- kurwadziwa kwakanyanya mu peritoneum;
- manyoka;
- kusvotwa uye kurutsa;
- jaundice;
- pallor;
- kuwedzera kuparadzaniswa kwemate;
- vangadikitira;
- kushaya simba, kukanganisa kurongeka;
- hypotension.
Muchiitiko chekuti huwandu hwakawanda hwehupfu hwakapinda mumuviri, ipapo edema yematishu ehuropi nemapapu inoitika, uye semhedzisiro, kufa kunoitika.
Rubatsiro rwekutanga rwekuratidzwa kwechepfu
Muchetura wehowa unoonekwa seimwe yenjodzi zvakanyanya. Kana paine zviratidzo zvekufungira zvikaonekwa mushure mekudya nguruve dzakatetepa, unofanira kukurumidza kufonera amburenzi kana kuendesa munhu wacho kuchipatara chiri pedyo nekukurumidza. Pamberi pemunhu ane chepfu awira mumaoko enyanzvi, gastric lavage ichave yakakosha. Zvakakosha kunwa mvura inodziya yakabikwa, uye wozokurudzira kurutsa kusvikira izvo zvinobuda zvakachena, pasina tsvina yezvokudya. Iwe unogona kushandisa activated charcoal muhuwandu hukuru. Zvisinei, vanachiremba chete ndivo vanogona kupa rubatsiro rwakakwana rwakakwana, saka kuzvirapa pachako hakugamuchirwi, uye chipatara chinofanira kuonekwa mune chero mamiriro ezvinhu, kunyange kana aya matanho ekutanga ekubatsira akaderedza zviratidzo.
Chirwere chisingaperi chine ngozi nokuti hapana mushonga kwavari - iwe unogona chete kuderedza migumisiro nerubatsiro rwe plasmapheresis uye hemodialysis maitiro, uye kubvisa kukanganiswa kwemaitiro kuburikidza nekushandisa antihistamines.
Nguruve yakaonda - mugari ane ngozi wemasango. Kutora mukana wekufanana kwayo nehumwe howa hunodyiwa, pamwe nekuti vamwe vanoda howa vanovimba ne "zvichida huchatakura", inopinda mumabhasikiti evanotora howa, uyezve, yakagadzirira-yakagadzirwa, pamatafura ekudyira.
Kushandiswa kwehowa iyi kwakafanana neRussia roulette - chepfu inogona kuitika chero nguva, nokuti hazvibviri kufanotaura kuti ingani chepfu uye chepfu ichave inouraya muviri.
Kunyange kana pasina matambudziko pakarepo mushure mekudya, nekufamba kwenguva, migumisiro yekuonekwa kune chepfu pamuviri ichaita kuti vanzwe nekuderera kwehutano uye matambudziko ehutano. Kuunganidzwa kwezvinhu zvinokuvadza munzeve yenguruve kunokanganisa kushanda kweitsvo, mamiriro eropa, uye hurongwa hwemwoyo.
Naizvozvo, vanachiremba, nyanzvi dzezvokudya, uye vane ruzivo rwakanyanya kunhonga howa vanorayira kusarudza humwe howa, hunodyika uye husina ngozi pakunhonga nekubika.