“Zvakanakira pasi zvakatinakira,” vanodaro vanoronga maguta. Maererano neongororo yakaitwa nekambani yepasi rose yeinjiniya Arup, maguta akasvibira akachengeteka, vanhu vane hutano, uye kugara kwavo zvakanaka kwakakwira.
Ongororo yemakore gumi nemanomwe kubva kuYunivhesiti yeExeter kuUK yakawana kuti vanhu vanogara munzvimbo dzakasvibira kana nzvimbo dzakasvibira dzemaguta havawanzo kurwara nepfungwa uye vanonzwa kugutsikana nehupenyu hwavo. Mhedziso imwechete inotsigirwa neimwe chidzidzo chekare: varwere vakavhiyiwa vanopora nekukurumidza kana mahwindo ekamuri yavo akatarisisa paki.
Utano hwepfungwa uye hukasha hwakabatana, ndokusaka maguta akasvibira akaratidzirwawo kuva nemwero wakaderera woutsotsi, chisimba, uye tsaona dzemotokari. Izvi zvinotsanangurwa nechokwadi chokuti nguva inopedzwa mukufamba uye kutaurirana nemasikirwo, ingave kufamba mupaki kana kuchovha bhasikoro mushure mebasa, kunobatsira munhu kukunda manzwiro asina kunaka uye anoita kuti asanyanya kukakavara.
Mukuwedzera kune zvakajairika zvehutano hwepfungwa-hunatsiridza mhedzisiro, nzvimbo dzakasvibira dzine imwe inonakidza pfuma: inokurudzira munhu kufamba zvakanyanya, kuita mangwanani kumhanya, kuchovha bhasikoro, uye kurovedza muviri, zvakare, kunobatsira kuchengetedza hutano hwevanhu. MuCopenhagen, somuenzaniso, nokuvaka nzira dzemabhasikoro muguta rose uye, somuuyo, kuvandudza mwero woutano hwechiverengero chavagari vapasi, zvaibvira kuderedza mari yezvokurapa nemadhora ane gumi nemaviri.
Kuvandudza ketani iyi inonzwisisika, tinogona kufunga kuti kugadzirwa kwevashandi vehutano hwepfungwa uye hwemuviri kwakakwirira, izvo zvinotungamirira kuwedzera kwehutano hwevanhu. Yakave yakaratidza, semuenzaniso, kuti kana iwe ukaisa zvirimwa munzvimbo yehofisi, ipapo kubereka kwevashandi kuchawedzera ne15%. Ichi chiitiko chinotsanangurwa nedzidziso yekudzoreredza pfungwa yakaiswa mberi mumakore makumi mapfumbamwe ezana ramakore rapfuura nemasayendisiti eAmerica Rachel naStephen Kaplan. Izvo zvakakosha zvedzidziso ndeyokuti kutaurirana nemasikirwo kunobatsira kukunda kuneta kwepfungwa, kuwedzera huwandu hwekuisa pfungwa uye kugadzira. Ongororo dzakaratidza kuti rwendo rwekuenda kune zvakasikwa kwemazuva akati wandei runogona kuwedzera kugona kwemunhu kugadzirisa mabasa asiri akajairika ne90%, uye ichi ndicho chimwe cheunhu hunotsvakwa zvakanyanya munyika yanhasi.
Tekinoroji dzemazuva ano dzinotitendera kuti tienderere mberi nekuvandudza kwete chete mamiriro emunhu uye nzanga yese, asiwo kuita kuti maguta ave neushamwari hwezvakatipoteredza. Zvitsva zviri kutaurwa zvine chekuita nekudzikisa simba nemvura, kuvandudza simba remagetsi, kuderedza kuburitswa kwekabhoni uye kudzoreredza tsvina.
Nokudaro, "smart grids" iye zvino ari kushingaira kukura, izvo zvinobvumira kutarisira kugadzirwa uye kushandiswa kwemagetsi zvichienderana nezvido zvemazuva ano, izvo zvinowedzera kushanda kwese uye kudzivirira kushanda kusina basa kwemajenereta. Mukuwedzera, mambure akadaro anogona kubatanidzwa panguva imwe chete kune zvisingagumi (magetsi emagetsi) uye zvenguva pfupi (majenareta ezuva, majenereta emhepo) magetsi emagetsi, izvo zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kuwana simba risingagumi, kuwedzera kukwanisa kwezvinhu zvinogona kuvandudzwa.
Imwe nzira inokurudzira kuwedzera kwenhamba yemotokari dzinoshandisa biofuel kana magetsi. Tesla mota dzemagetsi dzatove nekukasira kukunda musika, saka zvinokwanisika kupokana kuti mumakumi emakore mashoma zvinokwanisika kudzikisa zvakanyanya kuburitsa kabhoni dhaidhi mumhepo.
Imwe hutsva mumunda wezvekufambisa, iyo, kunyangwe inonakidza, yatovepo, ndiyo system yemunhu otomatiki yekufambisa. Mota diki dzemagetsi dzinofamba dzichitevedza matinji dzakagoverwa kwavari dzinokwanisa kutakura boka revatakuri kubva panzvimbo A kuenda kunongedzo B chero nguva pasina kumira. Iyo sisitimu inongozvigadzirisa zvizere, vafambi vanongoratidza kwekuenda kune system yekufambisa - uye unakirwe nerwendo rwakakwana rwe eco-hushamwari. Zvinoenderana nemusimboti uyu, kufamba kwakarongwa kuLondon Heathrow Airport, mune mamwe maguta eSouth Korea uye kuYunivhesiti yeWest Virginia muUSA.
Izvi zvitsva zvinoda mari yakakosha, asi kugona kwavo kwakakura. Kune zvakare mienzaniso yemamwe mabhajeti-ane hushamwari magadziriso ayo anoderedzawo mutoro wekugara kwemaguta pane zvakatipoteredza. Heano mashoma acho chete:
- Guta reLos Angeles rakatsiva marambi emumigwagwa angangoita 209 nemagirobhu asingadyi simba, zvichikonzera kudzikiswa kwe40% mukushandiswa kwesimba uye kuderedzwa kwematani makumi mana mukubuda kwecarbon dioxide. Nekuda kweizvozvo, guta rinochengetedza madhora gumi emamiriyoni pagore.
- MuParis, mumwedzi miviri chete yekushanda kwekurenda bhasikoro, nzvimbo dzayo dzaive muguta rese, vanhu vangangosvika zana vakatanga kufamba makiromita anopfuura mazana matatu zuva nezuva. Unogona here kufungidzira kuti ikoku kuchava nomugumisiro une simba wakadini pautano hwomunhu nemhoteredzo?
MuFreiburg, Germany, 25% yesimba rose rinopedzwa nehuwandu hwevanhu uye mabhizinesi eguta rinogadzirwa nekuparara kwemarara nemarara. Guta rinozvimiririra se "guta remamwe masimba emagetsi" uye riri kushingaira kugadzira simba rezuva.
Mienzaniso yese iyi inopfuura kukurudzira. Ivo vanoratidza kuti vanhu vane hungwaru uye tekinoroji zviwanikwa kuti vaderedze kukanganisa kwaro pane zvakasikwa, uye panguva imwechete inovandudza hutano hwavo hwepfungwa uye hwemuviri. Zvinhu zvidiki - famba kubva pamashoko kuenda kuzviito!