Chidya (kubva kuLatin coxa, hudyu) chinoenderana nechikamu chezasi chiri pakati pehudyu nemabvi.

Skeleton yechidya. Chidya chinoumbwa nebhonzo rimwe chete: iyo femur yakareba (1). Iyo yepamusoro, kana kuti inotenderera, yekupedzisira yefemur inotaura nebhonzo rehudyu kuti iite hudyu. Iyo yakaderera, kana kureba, inogumira inotaura netibia, fibula (kana fibula), uye patella kuita ibvi.

Tsandanyama dzechidya. Chidya chinoumbwa nezvikamu zvitatu zvetsandanyama (2):

• Iyo anterior compartment, iri pamberi pechikadzi, inoumbwa ne sartorius uye quadriceps.
• Iyo posterior compartment, iri kuseri kwefemur, inoumbwa nemhasuru dzemhasuru dzinova semi-tendinous, semi-membranous uye biceps femoris.
• Chikamu chemukati chine pectineum, gracilius uye misumbu yeaductor iyo inonzi adductor longus, adductor brevis uye adductor magnus.

Vascularization. Iyo vascularization yehudyu inopiwa neiyo femoral artery.

Kugara nhaka. Mimhasuru yemakamuri epamberi uye kumashure akateedzana haana kuvharwa nefemoral nerve uye sciatic nerve. Misumbu yekamuri yemukati inonyanya kuvharwa neiyo obturator nerve, asiwo ne sciatic uye femoral nerve (2).

Kutakura huremu. Chidya, kunyanya kuburikidza nefemur, inotumira huremu hwemuviri kubva pabhonzo rehudyu kusvika kune tibia. (3)

Kuchinja kwemuviri. Mimhasuru nemajoini echidya pamwero wehudyu nemabvi zvinotora chikamu mukukwanisa kwechipenyu kufamba uye kuchengetedza chiteshi chakatwasuka. Zvechokwadi, mhasuru dzehudyu dzinobvumira kunyanya kufamba kwegumbo, kuwedzera, kutenderera, kuderedzwa kwehudyu uyewo pane kumwe kufamba kwegumbo (2).

Marwadzo echidya anonzwa muchidya anogona kuva nemavambo akasiyana.

• Maronda emapfupa. Kurwadziwa kwakanyanya muhudyu kunogona kunge kuri nekuda kwekutyoka kwechikadzi.
• Bone pathologies. Marwadzo ehudyu anogona kunge ari nekuda kwechirwere chepfupa senge osteoporosis.
• Tsandanyama pathologies. Tsandanyama dzechidya dzinogona kurwadziswa pasina kukuvara sekupwanya kana kuchengetedza kukuvara kwetsandanyama senge kudzvanya kana kusveta. Mumisumbu, tendon inogonawo kukonzera marwadzo muhudyu, kunyanya panguva ye tendinopathies yakadai se tendonitis.
• Vascular pathologies. Muchiitiko chekusakwana kwevenous muhudyu, kunzwa kwemakumbo anorema kunogona kunzwika. Iyo inoratidzwa kunyanya nekukwenya, kurira uye chiveve. Zvikonzero zvezviratidzo zvegumbo zvinorema zvakasiyana. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, zvimwe zviratidzo zvinogona kuoneka sevaricose tsinga nekuda kwekuwedzera kwetsinga kana phlebitis nekuda kwekuumbwa kweropa.
• Nerve pathologies. Zvidya zvinogonawo kuva nzvimbo yekutya pathologies yakadai, semuenzaniso, sciatic neuralgia. Nekuda kwekukuvadza kune sciatic nerve, izvi zvinoratidzwa nekurwadziwa kwakanyanya kunonzwika pachidya.

Mishonga yemishonga. Zvichienderana nehurwere hunoonekwa, kurapwa kwakasiyana kunogona kurongerwa kuderedza marwadzo uye kuzvimba pamwe nekusimbisa mapfupa.

Syndromeomatic kurapwa. Muchiitiko chevascular pathologies, kumanikidza kwekusimbisa kunogona kupihwa kuti kudzikise kuwedzeredza kwetsinga.

Kuvhiya kurapwa. Zvichienderana nerudzi rwehutachiona hwakawanikwa, kuvhiya kunogona kuitwa.

Orthopedic kurapwa. Zvichienderana nerudzi rwekutsemuka, kuiswa kwepurasita kana resini kunogona kuitwa.

Kurapa kwepanyama. Kurapa kwepanyama, kuburikidza nehurongwa chaihwo hwekurovedza muviri, kunogona kupihwa senge physiotherapy kana physiotherapy.

Kuongorora kwepanyama. Kutanga, kuongororwa kwekiriniki kunoitwa kuitira kucherechedza uye kuongorora zviratidzo zvinoonekwa nemurwere.

Kuongorora kwechiremba. Kuti uwane mamwe marapirwo, kuongororwa kweropa kana weti kunogona kuitwa sekuti, semuyero wephosphorus kana calcium.

Kuongorora kwekufungidzira kwekurapa. X-ray, CT kana MRI scintigraphy bvunzo, kana kunyangwe bone densitometry yemapfupa pathologies, inogona kushandiswa kusimbisa kana kudzamisa kuongororwa.

Doppler ultrasound. Iyi chaiyo ultrasound inoita kuti zvikwanise kucherechedza kuyerera kweropa.

Sartorius, gracilis uye semi-tendinous tsandanyama dzinodaidzwawo kuti “mhasuru dzegunguwo”. Iri zita rine chekuita nekupinzwa kwetsinga dzemhasuru idzi pamwero wetibia, zvichipa chimiro chakafanana netsoka dzegunguwo (4).