Tis berry

Wakamboona mayews musango here? Chokwadi, iyo yew-boxwood grove muSochi ichauya mupfungwa dzako. Ikoko, zvechokwadi, berry yews inokura, uye yakwegura zvikuru - mimwe miti, maererano nemasayendisiti, inenge makore maviri. Unorangarira dzimwe nzvimbo here? Kashoma. Uye zvese nekuti muNyika Yedu ivo vashoma kwazvo. Ivo varipo chete muCaucasian Reserve (2), iyo North Ossetian Reserve (000), Crimea (1) uye Kaliningrad Region (2).

Asi pane imwe nguva yew yew (Taxus baccata) yakakura muEurope yese uye yakatora nzvimbo dzakakura. Asi vanhu vakaiparadza - vaifarira chaizvo huni hwechisaririra. Iyo inenge isingawore, uye kunze kwayo, ine bactericidal properties - zvinhu zvinoputika izvo chirimwa ichi chinobudisa zvinouraya utachiona hwakawanda huri mumhepo. Vanoti kana mumba mava nemidziyo yeyew, hapana anomborwara. Hazvishamisi kuti kunenge kusina yew musango.

Asi inogona kurimwa mubindu! Hongu, yew ine maitiro ayo, asi kazhinji haina kuzvikudza.

Strawberry yew akasiyana

Muzvisikwa, yew berry inowanzosvika kureba kwe10 - 20 m, asi mune imwechete yew-boxwood grove kune mienzaniso 30 m kureba. Asi mumapindu, kazhinji haipfuure 3 m.

Kune akati wandei marudzi eyew anosiyana muchimiro chekorona uye ruvara rwetsono.

Goldener Zwerg (Goldener Zwerg). Iyo miniature yakasiyana-siyana ye columnar chimiro, pamakore gumi haapfuuri 10 m. Kukura kwegore ndeye 1-3 cm. Tsono dzakasvibira dzakasvibira, nhungirwa diki dzakasvibira, izvo zvinopa chirimwa chimiro chisina kujairika. Inonzi inonyatsodzivirira chando.

Dhavhidhi (Dhavhidhi). Iyi yew ine columnar chimiro uye isina kujairika ruvara rwetsono - yakasvibira ine yero muganhu kumucheto. Inokura zvishoma nezvishoma, 3-4 cm pagore. Kureba kwechirimwa chevakuru hakusi kupfuura 2 m, iyo korona yehupamhi ndeye 70 cm. chiedza, chinova chiedza chegirini. Frost-resistant dzakasiyana, asi mumakore ekutanga inoda pekugara munguva yechando.

Repandens (Repandens). Dwarf yakasiyana-siyana ine sandara, yakatenderedzwa chimiro chegwenzi. Iyo yakareba kureba ndeye 80 cm, uye dhayamita inogona kusvika 3 - 4 m. Kukura kwegore ndeye 8 cm. Tsono dzakasvibira. Frost kuramba, maererano nezvimwe zvinyorwa, kusvika -30 ° C, mumakore ekutanga inoda pokugara kwechando. Inoshivirira kusanaya kwemvura zvakanaka.

Summergold (Summergold). Dwarf fomu ine korona yakashama. Iyo yakareba kureba kwegwenzi ndeye 1 m, dhayamita 2-3 m. Kukura kwegore ndeye 15 cm. Tsono dzakasvibira, asi nhungirwa dzakapendwa yero, izvo zvinopa chirimwa chimiro chakakosha. Asi chando chekudzivirira chakanyanya kuderera - kusvika -18 ° С.

Fastigiata (Fastigiata). Yakasiyana-siyana ine vertical, ovoid shape. Kureba kwechirimwa chevakuru kunosvika 7 m, dhayamita inosvika 2 m. Kukura kwegore negore ndeye 12 cm. Tsono dzakasvibira zvakanyanya, dema-girini muruvara. Frost resistance yakaderera (kusvika -23 ° C), inotonhora zvakanaka chete pasi pechando.

Fastigiata Robusta (Fastigiata Robusta). Muchimiro chembiru yakatetepa inosvika 8 m kureba uye inosvika 1,5 m muhupamhi. Miti yacho yakaoma zvikuru. Kukura kwegore - 15 cm. Tsono dzakasvibira. Inokura zvakanaka muzuva uye mumumvuri, asi muchiedza chakanaka tsono dzinonyanya kuzara muvara. Kupikisa kwechando kwakaderera (kusvika -28 ° С).

Elegantissima (Elegantissima). Izvi zvakasiyana-siyana zvine chimiro chakatambanuka uye chinotiyeuchidza nezvevhasi. Tsono dzine variegated, yellow-green. Kukura kwegore - 10 - 15 cm. Kureba kwegwenzi revakuru - 3 - 5 m. Inonzi inonyatsodzivirira chando.

Yew berry kutarisira

Yew care zvinodiwa zvishoma. Inogona kazhinji kukura pasina chero matipi, chinhu chikuru ndechokusarudza nzvimbo yakakodzera pairi.

Ground

Chero ivhu rakakodzera yew. Inokura zvakanakisisa pamiti yakaorera - ikoko ine kuwedzera kukura, ruvara rwakajeka, asi inotonhora inotonhora pane yakasununguka sandy loams.

Lighting

Yews inogona kukura muzuva uye mumumvuri wakaoma. Kune zvirimwa zvezvipenyu, hapana mutsauko zvachose, asi kune varietal zvirimwa, ruvara rwetsono runoenderana nekuvhenekesa - pasi pemaranzi akajeka inova yakazara. Izvi ndezvechokwadi kunyanya kune kusiyana nekorona yero. Nekushaikwa kwechiedza, tsono dzinodzima uye dzinogona kutoshanduka dzakasvibira.

Kudiridza

Kudiridza yew berry kunodiwa chete panguva yekukura kwekushanda. Uye, sekutonga, pazera duku - mugore rokutanga mushure mekudyara. Panguva ino, zvakakosha kuidiridza kamwechete pavhiki, 1 bhakiti remvura pagwenzi.

Mugore rechipiri, kudiridza kunodiwa chete panguva yekusanaya kwemvura - zvakare kamwe pavhiki, 1 bucket.

Asi kubva mugore rechitatu, iwe haugone kunetseka - yews inoshivirira nyore kusanaya kwemvura.

fertilizer

Hapana chikonzero chekuisa chero fetereza kana uchidyara yew. Asi chinonyanya kudiwa kuwedzera bhakiti rimwe revhu kubva pasi pemipaini kana firs kugomba. Howa hunokosha hunogara muitsvo yakadaro, iyo inobatsira maconifers kutora zvinovaka muviri.

Kudyisa

Havadiwo yew. Uye ivo vakatopikiswa, nekuti nyowani organic matter uye mineral fertilizer inouraya iwo mavhu mafungu, uye pasina rubatsiro rwavo chirimwa chinogona kufa.

Kuberekwa kweyew berry

Yew berry inoparadzirwa nenzira mbiri.

Mbeu. Iyi sarudzo ndeyevanhu vane shungu kwazvo uye vane moyo murefu. Yew inokura zvishoma nezvishoma, uye mbesa dzinosvika kureba kwemamita 1 chete mushure memakore makumi matatu. Asi kana iwe uchida kumirira, saka zvakakosha kuti uedze.

Usati watanga kudyara, mbeu, kana kuti pane makoni (iyi ndiyo inonzi yew michero), inoda kunyoroveswa kwezuva rimwe chete mumvura - panguva ino shell ichanyorova, iyo inofanira kubviswa. Zvadaro dzinofanira kuomeswa, dzakasanganiswa nejecha uye dzinotumirwa kufiriji nekushisa kwe5 - 6 ° C (izvi zvakanakisisa zvakaitwa muna April) ... kwegore rimwe! Uchiri kuda kuparadzira yews kubva kumbeu? Zvadaro, mushure megore, dzinofanira kudyarwa mumagreenhouses uye dzakafukidzwa nevhu reconiferous kubva pasi pepines kana spruces kubva kumusoro nehupamhi hwe 1 cm. Neiyi sarudzo yekudyara, inenge 2% yembeu inomera.

Pane sarudzo iri nyore - kudyara makoni berries pakarepo muvhu rakavhurika mukupera kwaGumiguru - kutanga kwaNovember kusvika pakadzika 2 cm. Asi munyaya iyi, vanogona kumera mumakore 3 - 4.

Cuttings. Iyi nzira iri nyore uye inowanikwa kune chero murimi webindu. Zvisinei, munhu haafaniri kuzvinyengedza zvakanyanya, nokuti zviedzo zvinoratidza kuti chiyero chekupona kweyew cuttings yakashata zvikuru: iyo yakawanda inogona kutarisirwa ndeye 20%, asi kazhinji nhamba iyi inenge yakaderera (5).

Zviri nani kutema kucheka kwekuparadzira munaGunyana-Gumiguru kana Kubvumbi-Chivabvu. Dzinofanirwa kureba 15 - 20 cm uye dzinofanira kutorwa kubva pamakore 3 - 5 ekuberekwa - dzinodzika midzi zvakanyanya kubva kumapazi ekare. Nzono kubva pasi pechitatu chekucheka dzinofanira kubviswa, uye dzosimwa muhari, mumusanganiswa we peat nejecha muchiyero che2: 1. Hazvidikanwi kurapa cuttings nemidzi yekugadzira stimulants - kuedza kwakaratidza kuti ivo vangangove havape chero mhedzisiro, kana, neimwe nzira, inowedzera kuwedzera kwekupona kwekucheka (5).

Cuttings inodzika midzi mukati memwedzi 3-4. Nguva yose iyi vanoda kudiridzwa kuitira kuti nyika igare yakanyorova zvishoma, uye shaded kubva kune zuva rakananga. Cuttings yakasimwa mumatsutso inodyarwa mubindu pakupera kwaMay. Spring - munaSeptember.

Munguva yechando, ivhu rakapoteredza mbesa rinofanira kuvharwa ne sawdust nehupamhi hwe 7-10 cm, uye kucheka pachavo kunofanira kuvharwa nematavi espruce. Nenzira, zvichave zvakakosha kuvafukidza kwekutanga 3-4 makore.

Zvirwere zveyew berry

Kazhinji, yew berry haiwanzo kurwara, asi zvisinei, kune akati wandei pathogenic fungi anogona kukonzera matambudziko.

Phomosis. Nechirwere ichi, bark remuti rinofa, tsono zvishoma nezvishoma dzinoshanduka yero, dzobva dzatsvuka uye dzinodonha. Nehutachiona hwakasimba, matavi anotanga kuoma muhuwandu, simiti inopera simba, uye nguva yechando isingaiti. Iyo spores yefungus inopfuurira pabark uye tsono dzakawa.

Pachiratidzo chekutanga chechirwere, nhungirwa dzese dzakabatwa dzinofanira kuchekwa. Muchirimo, bata zvirimwa nemusanganiswa weBordeaux (1%). Uye kana hutachiona hwakapararira zvakasimba, ipapo kurapwa neBordeaux musanganiswa kunofanira kudzokororwa muzhizha.

Brown Shutte (brown snow mold). Ichi chirwere chefungal chinokanganisa marudzi mazhinji emakoniferi, uye yew hazvisi izvo. Chirwere chinowanzozviratidza mukutanga kwechirimo - tsono dzinotanga kuwana grey-brown hue. Uye nokukundwa kwakasimba, miti inomira sokunge yapiswa nomoto.

Pazviratidzo zvekutanga zvechirwere, unoda kutema matavi akabatwa, kuunganidza tsono dzakawa kubva pasi. Uye wozobata zvirimwa neTopsin-M kana Rakurs (6).

Zvipembenene zvestrawberry yew

Zvipembenene payew hazviwanzo, asi zvinoitika, uye zvakakosha kuti uzvizive nekukurumidza sezvinobvira kuti utange kurapwa.

Yew nhoo yenhema. Ichi chipembenene chinogona kuonekwa pamashizha akaonda uye nechepasi petsono - zvipembenene zvinotaridzika sezvipembenene zvakatenderera zveyero (vakadzi) kana chena (varume) ruvara, 2-4 mm muhupamhi. Vanodya muto wechirimwa. Zviratidzo zvekutanga zvehutachiona - tsono dzinotanga kushanduka uye kuparara, uye tsono dzinoita dema pamatavi ezasi - chirwere chechipiri mumhando ye soot fungi inobatana.

Zvakaoma kurwisana nevakuru - ivo vakafukidzwa nehombodo yakasimba. Asi zvinokwanisika kuparadza zvipembenene zvakarasika, izvo zvinoonekwa zvakanyanya muhafu yekutanga yaJuly. Panguva ino, zvinomera zvinofanira kurapwa neConfidor Maxi kana Engio.

Yew midge. Zviratidzo zvezvipembenene zvinoonekwa pamisoro yezviputi - tsono pavari dzinounganidzwa musumbu, mukati mayo matsvuku ezvipembenene anogona kuwanikwa.

Kurwisa yew gall midge, Engio inoshandiswa.

Spruce needleworm. Vakuru imoth diki yevariegated color. Uye havakuvadzi. Asi mhute ye silt inokanganisa miti yakawanda ye coniferous, kusanganisira yew. Vanogara mukati metsono, vachitsenga migodhi. Sezvavanokura, vanoruka dandemutande, vachiunganidza tsono dzakawanda mumusumbu.

Kurwisa tupukanana, mishonga yehurongwa inoshandiswa - Calypso, Confidor kana Engio.

Mibvunzo nemhinduro dzakakurumbira

Yew berry inomutsa mibvunzo yakawanda pakati pevarimi, isu takataura nevakakurumbira vavo agronomist-breeder Svetlana Mikhailova.

Zvitubu zve

1. Red Book yeKrasnodar Territory (Zvirimwa uye howa). Edition yechipiri / Rev. ed. Litvinskaya SA // Krasnodar: Design Bureau No. 1 LLC, 2007.
2. Red Data Book reRepublic yeNorth Ossetia-Alania. Zvisikwa zvisingawanzo uye zviri mungozi yezvirimwa nemhuka / Ed. Nikolaeva I., Gamovoy N. // Vladikavkaz: Project-Press, 1999. - 248 p.
3. Red Book reRepublic yeCrimea. Zvirimwa, algae uye fungi / Ed. ed. dbs, prof. Yena AV uye Ph.D. Fateryga AV // Simferopol: LLC "IT "ARIAL", 2015. - 480 p.
4. Red Data Book of the Kaliningrad Region / Collective of authors, ed. Dedkova V.P. and Grishanova G.V. // Kaliningrad: Publishing House of the State University. I. Kant, 2010. – 333 p.
5. Magomedalieva VK, Omarova PK Kuenzanisa maitiro ekupona kwekucheka uye kuwedzererwa kweyew berry in vitro // Bulletin yeDagestan State University. Series 1: Natural Sciences, 2013, https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/sravnitelnaya-harakteristika-vyzhivaemosti-cherenkov-i-eksplantov-pobega-tisa-yagodnogo-in-vitro
6. State catalog yemishonga yezvipembenene uye agrochemicals yakabvumidzwa kushandiswa munharaunda yeFederation kubva munaChikunguru 6, 2021 // Ministry of Agriculture yeFederation, https://mcx.gov.ru/ministry/departments/departament-rastenievodstva-mekhanizatsii- khimizatsii -i-zashchity-rasteniy/industry-information/info-gosudarstvennaya-usluga-po-gosudarstvennoy-registratsii-pestitsidov-i-agrokhimikatov/