NN Ge
“Ge akasangana naNL Tolstoy muna 1882. Kuzivana uku, uko kwakachinja kuva ushamwari hwepedyo, kwakasiya mucherechedzo wakadzama pabasa remakore ekupedzisira eupenyu hwemuimbi. Pesvedzero yaTolstoy paGe haina kuganhurirwa mukududzirwa kwetsika dzemagwaro eBhaibheri uye kuparidzirwa kwokuzvivandudza kwetsika. Izvo zvakare zvinoratidzwa mune yakadzika psychology yemifananidzo yenguva ino. Vakanyorwa nesimba guru reunyanzvi, vanofananidzira kutenda kwemuimbi mumunhu uye vanoratidza kugona kwake kugadzira.
Pakazosvika 1884, pane "mufananidzo wemunyori Tolstoy" (Tretyakov Gallery), wakanyorwa muchidzidzo cheimba yake muKhamovniki, apo Tolstoy aishanda pabhuku rinonzi "Kutenda kwangu chii?" Iyi nzira yekugadzira yakadhindwa naGe mumufananidzo, akagadzira mufananidzo wekupenda, senge maartist mazhinji eRussia emakore iwayo.
Nikolai Nikolaevich Ge (1831 - 1894) aive mumwe wevanyori vekutanga vekuRussia. Sekuru vake vasekuru (Gay) vakatama kubva kuFrance pakupera kwezana ramakore re1863. Mushure mehuwandu hwekubudirira kukuru - kunyanya mufananidzo "Kudya Kwekupedzisira" (1875) - Ge akawana dambudziko rakadzika rekugadzira muna XNUMX. Akaramba unyanzvi uye akapfuurira kubata nenhau dzechitendero netsika. Akatenga purazi duku muour country, pedyo neChernigov, uye akaedza kurarama nebasa rekumaruwa: shure kwezvose, unyanzvi, sezvaakataura zvino, haugoni kushanda senzira yehupenyu, haigoni kutengeswa.
Ushamwari hwaGe naTolstoy hwakatanga muna 1882. Gore iroro, Ge akangoerekana averenga nyaya yaTolstoy mumapepanhau yaitaura nezve“kuverengwa kwevanhu” muMoscow. Ashanyira makamuri aigara muchitokisi uye achiona zvaisiririsa mazviri, Tolstoy akanyora kuti: “Kusafarira kwatinoita vepasi ndicho chikonzero chemamiriro avo ezvinhu akaipa.” Uyu mutsara wakasimbisa Ge, akaenda kuMoscow, akagara ikoko kweanopfuura mwedzi uye akashanyira Tolstoy zuva nezuva. Akatanga kuratidza Tolstoy nemhuri yake. Zvadaro, akamushanyira kakawanda muYasnaya Polyana; vakava pedyo, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, nokuda kwechikonzero chokuti mushure mekunyora Anna Karenina, Tolstoy pachake akawana dambudziko rehupenyu hwakadzika uye nzira yakasimba yekuzvarwa patsva. Vakanyorerana, vachipanana zvirongwa. Ge akabvunza Tolstoy nezvebasa rake ndokutevera zano rake rokutaura chiKristu chakapfava mumifananidzo yake, inowanzonzwisiswa uye inodiwa nevanhu.
Ge akava Tolstoyan kare kare. Akaedza kutevera dzidziso dzose dzaTolstoy muurongwa hwehupenyu hwake hwega. Akatanga kushanda nesimba, achiisira vavakidzani vake zvitofu. "Sezvo ndashanda nenzira iyi zuva rose, NN haisati yambodya. Panguva ino, akazova mudyari (asati angodya nyama yemombe chete) uye kunyange akashuva kudya zvaasingadi: somuenzaniso, aifarira buckwheat porridge, saka akadya mapira, zvose izvi nemafuta emiriwo, kana pasina mafuta. zvachose. Zvisinei, gare gare, zvishoma nezvishoma, kuwedzeredza kwose uku kwakaguma. Tolstoy anonyora mudhayari rake kuti Ge (“sekuru”) akati: munhu haafaniri “kumanikidza vamwe kuzvibatira amene muzvinhu zvakapfava zvikurusa.” Akakudza Tolstoy kunyanya nekuda kwekuti pfungwa dzakawanda uye pfungwa dzaaida kwaari dzakagadzirwa naTolstoy kare uye zvakajeka kupfuura iye. Muna 1886, akasiya pfuma yake, akaikopa kumudzimai wake Anna Petrovna nevana. Chokwadi, “upenyu huri nyore” hwairarama Ge mumakore 12 okupedzisira oupenyu hwake hwakaramba husinganzwisisike kuna Zhenya. “Vahosi vangu havadi kurarama zviri nyore,” Ge akanyorera Tolstoy pana June 30, 1890. Kunyorerana kwaGe naTolstoy kwakavamba nokukurumidza pashure pa1882 uye kwakapfuurira kutozosvikira parufu rwaGe.
Pakati paJune 1892, Ge akagamuchira noushamwari kubudiswa kwechinyorwa chaTolstoy The First Danho. Akarumbidza uku kunyengeterera kudya miriwo mutsamba kumunyori, uye sezvaaiverengera vamwe rugwaro, akaedza kuchiparadzira. Zvikasadaro, akaudza Tolstoy zvakadzama nezvemamiriro ebindu rake: “Mapindu akanaka. <...> chibage chatokura, mbatatisi, bhinzi, zvinhu zvese zvakanaka.”
Ge akava pedyo naTolstoy zvokuti Tolstoy aigona kutaura achiseka kuti: “Kana ndisiri mukamuri racho, ipapo NN inogona kukupindura; Achataura zvimwe chete neni.
Pakaitwa All-Russian Congress yeVegetarians muMoscow muna 1913, Ge akanga afa kweanoda kusvika makore makumi maviri. Asi "vegetarian exhibition", yakavhurwa kubva 20 kusvika 16 April, yakashongedzwawo nemifananidzo yake. Ushamwari naTolstoy hwakakurumidza kusvika kumwanakomana wemuimbi, Nikolai Nikolaevich Ge (21-1857). Tsamba dzaTolstoy naye dzakanga dzakatowanda kupfuura nababa vake. Mubhuku reimba yekudyira "Toothless Nutrition" muguta reTashkent, munhu anogona kuverenga zvinotevera kupinda naNikolai Nikolayevich: Mararamiro ezvinomera ndiwo "chete danho rekutanga iro Lev Nikolayevich akanyora anenge makore makumi maviri nemashanu apfuura. Uye kusvika ikozvino ndiye wekutanga. Kutsika-tsika kwekutanga uku kunoita kuti vazhinji vadzike kubva mairi mushure mekunge vambokwira nechido. <...> Kuti nhanho yekutanga ive nhanho uye ive yekutanga, zvinodikanwa kuti mamwe matanho aitevere. Vegetarianism pachayo inongova utsanana uye inotungamirira kune unyengeri uye kuzvigutsa, kana isiri kutanga kwehupenyu hune musoro hwemunhu: kune "kusadya kwedzimba dzechirikadzi nenherera", kuitira kuti ive danho rekutanga. hupenyu hwevanhu. (Chikumi 1949, 25). Nicholas Ge.