NB Nordman
Kana wakazviremedza nezvokudya, simuka patafura undozorora. Sirach 31, 24.
“Ndinobvunzwa nemuromo nekunyora kuti tinodya sei huswa nehuswa? Tinodzitsenga here kumba, mudanga, kana kumafuro, uye zvakadii chaizvo? Vazhinji vanotora chikafu ichi sejee, vanochiseka, uye vamwe vanotozviona sechinhu chinogumbura, vanhu vangapihwe sei chikafu chave kungodyiwa nemhuka kusvika zvino!” Nemashoko aya, muna 1912, paPrometheus Folk Theatre muKuokkala (musha wezororo uri paGulf of Finland, 40 km kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kweSt. .
NB Nordman, maererano nemafungiro akasiyana-siyana evatsoropodzi vakasiyana-siyana, aiva mumwe wevakadzi vanofadza zvikuru vekutanga kwezana remakore rechimakumi maviri. Zvaakave mudzimai waIE Repin muna 1900, kusvika pakufa kwake muna 1914, aive chinhu chaidiwa kutariswa, chekutanga, cheyero press - nekuda kwekudya kwake miriwo uye mamwe eccentric pfungwa.
Gare gare, mukutonga kweSoviet, zita rake rakadzimwa. KI Chukovsky, uyo aiziva NB Nordman zvakanyanya kubva muna 1907 uye akanyora nhoroondo yekuyeuka kwake, akazvipira mapeji akawanda kwaari muzvinyorwa zvake zvemazuva ano Kubva mumemoirs yakabudiswa chete muna 1959, mushure mekutanga kwe "thaw". Muna 1948, muongorori wehunyanzvi IS Zilberstein akataura pfungwa yekuti nguva iyoyo muhupenyu hwaIE Repin, iyo yakaonekwa naNB Nordman, ichiri kumirira muongorori wayo (cf. pamusoro na. yy). Muna 1997 chinyorwa chaDarra Goldstein Is Hay Chemabhiza chete? Zvinonyanya kukosha zveRussia Vegetarianism paKutendeuka kweCentury, zvakanyanya kutsaurirwa kumukadzi waRepin: zvisinei, chinyorwa chaNordman, chinotungamirwa nechero isina kukwana uye isina kururama sketch yenhoroondo yeRussian vegetarianism, haamboiti kururamisira kwake. Saka, D. Goldstein anogara zvakanyanya pazvinhu "zvinopfungaira" zvezvirongwa zvekuvandudza izvo Nordman akambotaura; art yake yekubika inogamuchirawo yakadzama kufukidzwa, izvo zvichida nekuda kwedingindira rekuunganidza iro chinyorwa ichi chakabudiswa. Kuita kwevatsoropodzi hakuna kunonoka kuuya; imwe yeongororo yakati: Chinyorwa cheGoldstein chinoratidza kuti “zvine ngozi sei kuziva bato rose nemunhu mumwe chete , vobva vabata vaapostora vake.”
NB Nordman anopa imwe chinangwa chekuongorora kwaNB Nordman mubhuku rake pamusoro pezano reRussia uye nhungamiro yemaitiro kubva panguva yaCatherine II: "Uye zvakadaro hupenyu hwake hupfupi asi hune simba hwakamupa mukana wekuziva pfungwa dzinonyanya kufarirwa nemakakatanwa e. panguva iyoyo, kubva kuvakadzi kuenda kugarikano yemhuka, kubva pa“dambudziko romuranda” kusvika pakurondwa kwoutsanana nokuzvinatsiridza.
NB Nordman (zita rekunyora - Severova) akaberekwa muna 1863 muHelsingfors (Helsinki) mumhuri yemumiriri weRussia wekuSweden uye mukadzi anokudzwa weRussia; Natalya Borisovna aigara achidada nekwakabva kuFinnish uye aifarira kuzviti "mukadzi akasununguka wechiFinnish". Pasinei nokuti akabhabhatidzwa maererano nechitendero cheLutheran, Alexander II pachake akava godfather wake; akaruramisa imwe yepfungwa dzake dzaakazofarira, dzinoti "kusunungurwa kwevaranda" kuburikidza nekurerutsa basa mukicheni uye nehurongwa hweku "kuzvibatsira" patafura (kutarisira "kuzvishandira" kwanhasi), akaruramisa, kwete zvishoma, nekurangarira kwe "Tsar-Liberator", uyo nechirevo February 19, 1861 akabvisa serfdom. NB Nordman akawana dzidzo yakanaka kwazvo kumba, masosi anotaura mitauro mina kana mitanhatu u1909buXNUMXbyaakataura; akadzidza mimhanzi, kuenzanisa, kudhirowa uye kutora mifananidzo. Kunyangwe achiri musikana, Natasha, sezviri pachena, akatambura zvikuru kubva kure kure kwaivepo pakati pevana nevabereki muhukuru hwepamusoro, nekuti kuchengetwa uye kurerwa kwevana kwaipihwa kune nannies, vasikana nevakadzi-vakamirira. Chinyorwa chake chipfupi chechinyorwa chinonzi Maman (XNUMX), imwe yedzakanakisa nyaya dzevana mumabhuku echiRussian, inoburitsa zvinokatyamadza mabatiro anoita magariro evanhu anonyima mwana rudo rwaamai pamweya wemwana. Ichi chinyorwa chinoratidzika sechinhu chikuru chechimiro chechimiro chekupikisa kwevanhu uye kurambwa kwemaitiro akawanda ekuita izvo zvakagadzirisa mararamiro ake.
Mukutsvaga rusununguko uye basa rinobatsira mumagariro evanhu, muna 1884, pazera remakore makumi maviri, akaenda kuUnited States kwegore, kwaakashanda papurazi. Mushure mekudzoka kubva kuAmerica, NB Nordman akatamba panhandare yeamateur muMoscow. Panguva iyoyo, aigara neshamwari yake yepedyo Princess MK Tenisheva "mumamiriro ekupenda nemimhanzi", aifarira "kutamba kweballet, Italy, kutora mifananidzo, dhizaini, psychophysiology uye hupfumi hwezvematongerwo enyika." MuMoscow theatre "Paradise" Nordman akasangana nemumwe mutengesi Alekseev - panguva iyoyo akatora pseudonym Stanislavsky, uye muna 1898 akava muvambi Moscow Art Theater. Mutungamiriri Aleksandrom Filippovich Fedotov (1841-1895) akamuvimbisa "ramangwana guru semutambi wemifananidzo", iyo inogona kuverengwa mubhuku rake "Intimate Pages" (1910). Mushure mekubatana kweIE Repin uye EN Zvantseva akatsamwa zvachose, Nordman akapinda mumuchato wehurumende naye. Muna 1900, vakashanyira World Exhibition muParis pamwe chete, ndokubva vaenda kuItaly. IE Repin akapenda mapikicha akati wandei emukadzi wake, pakati pavo - mufananidzo pamhenderekedzo yeLake Zell "NB Nordman muTyrolean cap ”(yy ill.), - Repin aifarira mufananidzo wemukadzi wake. Muna 1905 vakaendazve kuItaly; munzira, muKrakow, Repin anopenda mumwe mufananidzo wemukadzi wake; rwendo rwavo rwakatevera rwokuenda kuItaly, panguva ino kushoo yamarudzi ose muTurin uye ipapo kuRoma, yakaitika muna 1911.
NB Nordman akafa muna Chikumi 1914 muOrselino, pedyo neLocarno, kubva muhuro 13; Pana May 26, 1989, ndiro yechirangaridzo yakaiswa pamakuva omunharaunda imomo yakanyorwa kuti “munyori uye shamwari youpenyu yeMutariri Mukuru weRussia Ilya Repin” (achirwara. 14 yy). Wekupedzisira akatsaurira chirevo chinosiririsa kwaari, chakaburitswa muVegetarian Herald. Mumakore gumi nemashanu iwayo paakanga ari chapupu chepedyo chezviitiko zvake, haana kumborega kushamiswa ne "mabiko ehupenyu" hwake, tariro yake, hupfumi hwepfungwa uye ushingi. Iyo "Penates", imba yavo muKuokkala, yakashanda kwemakore anoda kusvika gumi seyunivhesiti yeruzhinji, yakanangana neruzhinji rwakasiyana; pano hurukuro dzakapiwa pamarudzi ose emisoro: “Aiwa, haungamukanganwi; kana zvichienda mberi, vanhu vanozowedzera kujairana nemabhuku ake asingakanganwiki.
Mune memoirs yake, KI Chukovsky anodzivirira NB Nordman kubva mukurwiswa kweRussian press: "Rega mharidzo yake dzimwe nguva yakanyanyisa, yaiita sechishuwo, chido - ichi chishuvo, kusava nehanya, kugadzirira kwemarudzi ose ezvibayiro zvakabatwa uye zvinofadza. her. Uye uchitarisisa, wakaona mune ake quirks zvakawanda zvakakomba, zvine musoro. Vegetarianism yeRussia, maererano naChukovsky, yakarasikirwa nemuapostora wayo mukuru mairi. "Aive netarenda rakakura kune chero rudzi rwekuparadzira. Aiyemura sei vanokwana! Kuparidza kwake kwekushandira pamwe kwakaratidza kutanga kwechitoro chevatengi chakabatana muKuokkale; akavamba raibhurari; akazvibatikana zvikuru pamusoro pechikoro; akaronga imba yemitambo; aibatsira dzimba dzevanodya miriwo - vese vaine chido chakafanana chekupedza zvese. Pfungwa dzake dzese dzaive dzedemokrasi. " Pasina maturo Chukovsky akamukurudzira kuti akanganwe pamusoro pekuchinja uye kunyora zvinyorwa, comedies, nyaya. “Pandakaona nyaya yake inonzi The Runaway in Niva, ndakashamiswa nounyanzvi hwake hwandakanga ndisingatarisiri: mufananidzo une simba, mavara echokwadi, akashinga. Mubhuku rake Intimate Pages kune zvakawanda zvinofadza ndima pamusoro pemuvezi Trubetskoy, pamusoro pevanyori vakasiyana-siyana veMoscow. Ndinoyeuka nokuyemurwa kwaiita vanyori (pakati pavo paiva nevakakurumbira zvikuru) vakateerera kusetsa kwake Vana Vaduku MuPenates. Aiva neziso rakanaka, aiziva hunyanzvi hwenhaurirano, uye mapeji mazhinji emabhuku ake mabasa chaiwo ounyanzvi. Ndaigona kunyora zvakachengeteka vhoriyamu mushure mevhoriyamu, sevamwe vakadzi vanyori. Asi akakweverwa kune rimwe rudzi rwebhizimisi, kune rimwe rudzi rwebasa, uko, kunze kwekudheerera uye kushungurudzwa, hapana chaakasangana nacho kuguva.
Kuti uteedzere magumo echiRussian vegetarianism mune yakajairika tsika yeRussia tsika, zvinodikanwa kuti ugare mune zvakadzama pane nhamba yeNB Nordman.
Sezvo ari mutsigiri mumweya, akaisa shanduko (munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana) pahwaro hweshuviro yehupenyu hwake, uye kudya kunovaka - mukufunga kwavo kwakakura - kwaive kwakakosha kwaari. Basa rakasimba mukushanduka kwehupenyu hwezvinomera munyaya yaNordman zviri pachena kuti raiitwa nekuzivana naRepin, uyo, atova muna 1891, pasi pesimba raLeo Tolstoy, akatanga kuva wezvinomera dzimwe nguva. Asi kana zveRepin zvehutsanana uye hutano hwakanaka zvaive kumberi, saka kuNordman tsika nemagariro vavariro dzakakurumidza kuve dzakanyanya kukosha. Muna 1913, mubhukwana rinonzi The Testaments of Paradise, akanyora kuti: “Ndichinyara, ndinofanira kubvuma kuti handina kuuya nepfungwa yokusadya miriwo nenzira yetsika, asi nokutambura mumuviri. Pazera remakore makumi mana [kureva makore a1900 - PB] ndakanga ndatove kuremara. Nordman haana kungodzidza mabasa evanachiremba H. Lamann naL. Pasco, anozivikanwa naRepin, asi akakurudzirawo Kneipp hydrotherapy, uye akatsigirawo kurerutsa uye hupenyu hwepedyo nemasikirwo. Nekuda kwerudo rwake rusina magumo kumhuka, akaramba lacto-ovo vegetarianism: iyo, zvakare, "inoreva kurarama nekuponda uye ugororo." Akarambawo mazai, ruomba, mukaka uye kunyange uchi uye, nokudaro, akanga ari, muchirevo chemazuva ano - se, mumutemo, Tolstoy - vegan (asi kwete chikafu chinotyisa). Ichokwadi, muParadhiso yake yeParadhiso anopa akawanda mabikirwo ezvokudya zvemanheru zvakabikwa, asi anobva aita chengetedzo kuti achangobva kutora kugadzirira kwendiro dzakadaro, hapasati pave nekusiyana kwakawanda mumenyu yake. Zvisinei, mumakore ekupedzisira ehupenyu hwake, Nordman akaedza kuomerera kune zvokudya zvakasvibirira zvekudya - muna 1913 akanyorera I. Perper: "Ndinodya mbishi uye ndinonzwa zvakanaka <...> NeChitatu, pataiva neBabin, isu yakanga ine izwi rekupedzisira rekudya miriwo: chinhu chose chevanhu makumi matatu chaive mbishi, hapana kana chinhu chimwe chakabikwa. Nordman akapa ongororo yake kune veruzhinji. Pana March 30, 25, akazivisa I. Perper nomudzimai wake kubva kuPenat:
“Mhoroi vanangu, Joseph naEsther.
Ndinokutendai netsamba dzenyu dzakanaka, dzakatendeseka uye dzine mutsa. Zvinosuwisa kuti, nekuda kwekushaya nguva, ndinofanira kunyora zvishoma pane zvandinoda. Ndinogona kukupa mashoko akanaka. Nezuro, paPsycho-Neurological Institute, Ilya Efimovich akaverenga "On Youth", uye ini: "Zvokudya zvakasvibirira, sehutano, hupfumi uye mufaro." Vadzidzi vakapedza vhiki rose vachigadzira ndiro maererano nezano rangu. Paiva nevateereri vangangoita chiuru, panguva yekuzorora vakapa tii kubva muuswa, tii kubva murukato uye masangweji akagadzirwa kubva pureed maorivhi, midzi uye safron mukaka howa, mushure mehurukuro munhu wese akatamira kuimba yekudyira, uko vadzidzi vakapihwa kosi ina. kudya kwemanheru kopecks matanhatu: yakanyoroveswa oatmeal, yakanyoroveswa peas , vinaigrette kubva kumidzi yakasvibirira uye pasi zviyo zvegorosi zvinogona kutsiva chingwa.
Pasinei nekusavimba kunogara kuchibatwa pakutanga kwemharidzo yangu, zvakaguma kuti zvitsitsinho zvevateereri zvichiri kukwanisa kuisa moto kune vateereri, vakadya pood yeoatmeal yakanyoroveswa, pood yepizi uye nhamba isingaverengeki yemasandwiches. . Vainwa uswa [kureva herbal tea. - PB] uye akauya mune imwe mhando yemagetsi, mafungiro anokosha, ayo, zvechokwadi, akafambiswa nekuvapo kwaIlya Efimovich nemashoko ake, akavhenekerwa nerudo kune vechidiki. Mutungamiri wesangano VM Bekhterov [sic] uye mapurofesa akanwa tii kubva muuswa uye nettle uye vakadya ndiro dzose nechido. Takatotorwa firimu panguva iyoyo. Mushure mehurukuro, VM Bekhterov akatiratidza yakanakisa uye yakapfuma maererano nechimiro chayo chesainzi, Psycho-Neurological Institute uye Anti-Alcohol Institute. Zuva iroro takaona rudo rukuru uye manzwiro akawanda akanaka.
Ndiri kukutumirai kabhuku kangu kachangobva kudhindwa [Paradise Covenants]. Nyora maonero aakuita pauri. Ndakafarira chinyorwa chako chekupedzisira, ndinogara ndichitsungirira zvinhu zvakawanda zvakanaka uye zvinobatsira. Isu, tinotenda Mwari, takasimba uye tine hutano, ini ndapfuura nematanho ese ekudya miriwo uye ndinoparidza chete chikafu mbishi.
VM Bekhterev (1857-1927), pamwe chete ne physiologist IP Pavlov, ndiye muvambi wedzidziso ye "conditioned reflexes". Anonyatsozivikanwa kuMadokero semuongorori wechirwere chakadaro sekuoma kwemusana, nhasi kunonzi Bechterew's disease (Morbus Bechterev). Bekhterev aive nehushamwari nebiologist uye physiologist prof. IR Tarkhanov (1846-1908), mumwe wevabudisi veVegetarian Bulletin yekutanga, aivewo pedyo naIE Repin, uyo muna 1913 akapenda mufananidzo wake (kurwara. 15 yy.); mu "Penates" Bekhterev akaverenga mushumo pamusoro pedzidziso yake yehypnosis; muna March 1915 muPetrograd, pamwe chete naRepin, vakapa hurukuro pamusoro unoti "Tolstoy senyanzvi uye mufungi."
Kudyiwa kwemakwenzi kana "huswa" - nyaya yekuseka kuseka kwevanhu venguva yeRussia uye nhepfenyuro yenguva iyoyo - yakanga isiri chiitiko chekuchinja. Nordmann, kufanana nevamwe vashanduri veRussia, vakagamuchira kushandiswa kwemishonga kubva kuWestern Europe, kunyanya sangano reGermany reform, kusanganisira kubva kuna G. Lamann. Mazhinji emakwenzi uye zviyo zvakakurudzirwa naNordman zvetii uye zvakatorwa (decoctions) zvaizivikanwa nemishonga yavo munguva dzekare, yakaita basa mungano, uye yakarimwa muminda yemamongi ekare. Abbess Hildegard weBingen (1098-1178) akazvitsanangura muzvinyorwa zvake zvesainzi Physica uye Causae et curae. Aya “maoko avamwari,” sokudanwa kwaiitwa makwenzi, anowanikwa kwose kwose mukurapa kungaitwa kwanhasi. Asi kunyangwe tsvagiridzo yemazuva ano yemishonga inosanganisira muzvirongwa zvayo kudzidza kwezvinhu biologically zvinoshanda zvinowanikwa mumhando dzakasiyana dzezvirimwa.
Kuvhiringidzika kwepepanhau reRussia pamusoro pekuvandudzwa kweNB Nordman anoyeuka kushamisika kusina maturo kweWestern press, apo, maererano nekupararira kwekudya kwezvinomera uye kubudirira kwekutanga kwe tofu muUnited States, vatori venhau vakadzidza kuti soya, imwe ye zvirimwa zvekare zvakarimwa, muChina chave chiri chigadzirwa chekudya kwezviuru zvemakore.
Nekudaro, zvinofanirwa kubvumwa kuti chikamu chepepanhau reRussia chakaburitsawo ongororo dzakanaka dzehurukuro dzaNB Nordman. Saka, somuenzaniso, musi waAugust 1, 1912, Birzhevye Vedomosti akabudisa mushumo wemunyori II Yasinsky (akanga ari wezvinomera!) Pamusoro pehurukuro yake pamusoro pehurukuro "Nezvemashiripiti chipfuva [kureva, nezvebhokisi-mubiki. – PB] uye nezve izvo varombo, mafuta uye vapfumi vanofanira kuziva ”; hurukuro iyi yakapiwa nekubudirira kukuru musi wa30 Chikunguru paPrometheus Theatre. Zvadaro, Nordmann achapa "cooker chest" kufambisa uye kuderedza mari yekubika, pamwe chete nezvimwe zviratidzo, paMoscow Vegetarian Exhibition muna 1913 uye achaziva veruzhinji nezvemhando dzekushandisa midziyo inochengeta kupisa - izvi nezvimwe shanduko. mapurojekiti aakatora kubva kuWestern Europe.
NB Nordman aive murwiri wekodzero dzevakadzi kwekutanga, zvisinei nekuti airamba vatsigiri pane dzimwe nguva; Tsananguro yaChukovsky mupfungwa iyi (ona pamusoro) inonzwisisika. Nokudaro, akaisa kodzero yemukadzi yekuedza kuzviziva kwete kuburikidza nehumai chete. Zviya, iye pachake akapona: mwanasikana wake mumwe chete Natasha akafa muna 1897 pazera revhiki mbiri. Muhupenyu hwemukadzi, Nordman akatenda, panofanira kuva nenzvimbo yezvimwe zvinhu. Chimwe chezvaaishuvira kwaiva “kusunungurwa kwevaranda”. Muridzi we "Penates" akatorota zvekugadza zviri pamutemo zuva rekushanda kwemaawa masere kuvashandi vepamba vakashanda maawa gumi nemasere, uye akashuvira kuti maitiro e "vatenzi" kune vashandi aizochinja, ave nehunhu. MuKukurukurirana pakati pe "mukadzi wezvino" uye "mukadzi weramangwana", kudiwa kunoratidzwa kuti vakadzi veRussia intelligentsia havafanirwe kurwira kwete chete kuenzana kwevakadzi vekwavo magariro, asiwo evamwe. strata, somuenzaniso, vanhu vanopfuura mamiriyoni evashandi vechikadzi muRussia. Nordman akagutsikana kuti "kudya zvirimwa, izvo zvinorerutsa uye kufambisa kunetseka kwehupenyu, zvine hukama zvakanyanya nenyaya yekusunungurwa kwevaranda."
Muchato waNordman naRepin, uyo aiva nemakore 19 kupfuura mudzimai wake, hongu, akanga asiri "asina makore". Upenyu hwavo pamwe chete muna 1907-1910 hwainyatsoenderana. Ipapo vakaita sevasina kupatsanurwa, gare gare pakava nematambudziko.
Vese vari vaviri vaive hunhu hwakajeka uye hune hasha, nekutsauka kwavo kwese, vachizadzisana munzira dzakawanda. Repin akatenda hukuru hweruzivo rwemukadzi wake uye tarenda rake rekunyora; iye, nokuda kwake, akayemura muimbi akakurumbira: kubvira 1901 akaunganidza mabhuku ose pamusoro pake, akaunganidza anokosha Albums pamwe zvidimbu pepanhau. Munzvimbo dzakawanda, vakawana kushanda pamwe chete kunobereka zvibereko.
Repin akaenzanisira mamwe emagwaro omudzimai wake. Saka, muna 1900, akanyora mipfumbamwe yemvura yenyaya yake Fugitive, yakabudiswa muNiva; muna 1901, imwe edition yakasiyana yenyaya iyi yakabudiswa pasi pemusoro wenyaya Eta, uye yechitatu edition (1912) Nordman akauya nerimwe zita - Kuzvinangwa. Yenyaya yeCross of Motherhood. Chakavanzika diary, rakabudiswa sebhuku rakasiyana muna 1904, Repin akagadzira matatu madhirowa. Pakupedzisira, basa rake magadzirirwo ebutiro rebhuku raNordman Intimate Pages (1910) (ill. 16 yy).
Vese vari vaviri, Repin naNordman, vaibishaira zvakanyanya uye vakazara nenyota yekuita. Vese vari vaviri vaive padyo nezvishuwo zvemagariro: kushamwaridzana kwemudzimai wake, zvichida, aifarira Repin, nokuti kubva pasi pepen yake kwemakumi emakore kwakabuda mifananidzo yakakurumbira yemagariro evanhu mumweya weWanderers.
Repin paakava nhengo yevashandi veVegetarian Ongororo muna 1911, NB Nordman akatangawo kushandira pamwe nejenari. Akaita zvose zvaanogona kubatsira VO apo muparidzi wayo IO Perper akakumbira rubatsiro muna 1911 maererano nemamiriro ezvinhu akaoma emari ejenari. Akadana uye akanyora tsamba kuti atore vanyoreri, akatendeukira kuna Paolo Trubetskoy uye mutambi Lidia Borisovna Yavorskaya-Baryatynskaya kuitira kuchengetedza iyi "yakanaka kwazvo" magazini. Leo Tolstoy, - saka akanyora musi waOctober 28, 1911, - asati afa, "sokunge akakomborera" mubudisi wemagazini I. Perper.
Mu "Penates" NB Nordman akaunza kugovera kwakasimba kwenguva kune vaenzi vazhinji vaida kushanyira Repin. Izvi zvakaunza kurongeka kuhupenyu hwake hwekusika: "Tinorarama hupenyu hunoshanda uye nekugovaniswa neawa. Tinotambira neChitatu chete kubva na3pm kusvika 9pm Kunze kweChitatu, tichine misangano yevashandirwi vedu neSvondo. Vaenzi vaigona kugara kwekudya kwemasikati - zvirokwazvo vegetarian - patafura yakakurumbira yakatenderera, ine imwe tafura inotenderera ine mibato pakati, iyo yaibvumira kuzviitira basa; D. Burliuk akatisiira tsananguro inoshamisa yokunaka kwakadaro.
Hunhu hwaNB Nordman uye kukosha kwepakati kwezvinomera muhupenyu hwake hunoonekwa zvakanyanya muunganidzwa wake wezvinyorwa Intimate Mapeji, inova musanganiswa unoshamisa wemhando dzakasiyana. Pamwe chete nenyaya "Maman", yaisanganisirawo tsanangudzo mhenyu mutsamba dzekushanyira kaviri kuTolstoy - yekutanga, yakareba, kubva munaSeptember 21 kusvika ku29, 1907 (tsamba nhanhatu kushamwari, peji 77-96), uye yechipiri, mupfupi, muna December 1908 (mapeji 130-140); zvinyorwa izvi zvine hurukuro dzakawanda nevagari veYasnaya Polyana. Mukupesana zvikuru navo maratidziro (mabhii gumi) akagamuchira Nordman paakanga achiperekedza Repin kukuratidzira kweWanderers muMoscow (kubvira December 11 kusvika 16, 1908 uye muna December 1909). Mhepo yakakunda pazviratidziro, maitiro evanyori VI Surikov, IS Ostroukhov naPV Kuznetsov, muvezi NA Andreev, mifananidzo yemararamiro avo; kunyomba pamusoro pemufananidzo weVE Makovsky "Mushure meNjodzi", yakatorwa nemapurisa; nyaya yekudzokorora kwenguvo yeThe Inspector General yakaitwa naStanislavsky paMoscow Art Theater - zvose izvi zvakaratidzwa muzvinyorwa zvake.
Pamwe chete neizvi, Intimate Mapeji ine tsananguro yakakosha yekushanya kumuimbi Vasnetsov, uyo Nordman anowana zvakare "kurudyi-bapiro" uye "Orthodox"; dzimwe nyaya dzekushanya dzinotevera: muna 1909 - naLO Pasternak, "muJudha wechokwadi", "anodhirowa uye anonyora <...> asingagumi vasikana vake vaviri vakanaka"; philanthropist Shchukin - nhasi muunganidzwa wake unoshamisa wemifananidzo yeWestern European modernism inoshongedza St. Petersburg Hermitage; pamwe nemisangano nevamwe, iye zvino vamiririri vashoma vanozivikanwa veiyo yeRussia art scene. Pakupedzisira, bhuku racho rinosanganisira mufananidzo wePaolo Trubetskoy, uyo watokurukurwa pamusoro apa, pamwe netsanangudzo ye "Mubatanidzwa Wemisangano Yevanhu veSvondo muPenates."
Zvikeche zvezvinyorwa izvi zvinonyorwa nechinyoreso chakareruka; akapinza nounyanzvi zvidimbu zvenhaurirano; mashoko akawanda anobudisa mudzimu wenguva iyoyo; zvaakaona zvinogara zvichitsanangurwa maererano nezvishuwo zvemagariro eNB Nordman, nekutsoropodza kwakasimba uye kwakanyatsonangana kwechinzvimbo chisina kunaka chevakadzi uye chikamu chepasi chenzanga, nechido chekurerutsa, kurambwa kwezvibvumirano zvakasiyana-siyana zvemagariro evanhu uye taboos. , nekurumbidzwa kwehupenyu hwemusha pedyo nemasikirwo, pamwe chete nekudya kwezvinomera.
Mabhuku eNB Nordman, anosuma muverengi nezveshanduko dzehupenyu dzaanoronga, akatsikiswa mune imwe shanduro ine mwero (cf.: Testamende yeParadhiso - makopi 1000 chete) uye nhasi haawaniki. Bhuku rinonzi Cookbook for the Starving (1911) chete rakabudiswa mumakopi gumi; yakatengeswa semakeke anopisa uye yakatengeswa zvachose mumakore maviri. Nekuda kwekusasvikika kwezvinyorwa zveNB Nordman, ini ndichataura zvinyorwa zvakati wandei zvine mucheno zvinodikanwa izvo zvisingaite zvachose kutevedzera, asi izvo zvinogona kukonzera kufunga.
“Ndaiwanzofunga muMoscow kuti muupenyu hwedu kune akawanda mafomu asingachashandi atinofanira kubvisa nokukurumidza sezvinobvira. Heino, semuenzaniso, chitendero che "muenzi":
Mumwe munhu ane mwero anogara akanyarara, anodya zvishoma, asinganwi zvachose, achaungana kune vaanozivana navo. Uye saka, kana angopinda mumba mavo, anofanira kubva pakarepo kurega kuva zvaari. Vanomugamuchira norudo, kazhinji nomutoo wokubata kumeso, uye nokuchimbidza kudaro kumudyisa nokukurumidza sezvinobvira, sokunge akanga aneta nenzara. Kuwanda kwezvokudya zvinodyiwa kunofanira kuiswa patafura kuitira kuti muenzi asangodya chete, asiwo aone makomo ezvokudya pamberi pake. Anofanira kumedza marudzi akawanda akasiyana-siyana kuti akuvadze utano uye pfungwa dzakasununguka zvokuti ane chokwadi pamberi pehosha yamangwana. Chokutanga pane zvose, appetizers. Iyo inonyanya kukosha muenzi, iyo spicier uye yakanyanya chepfu masvutugadzike. Mhando dzakawanda dzakasiyana, dzinenge 10. Zvadaro muto nemapie uye mamwe madhishi mana; waini inomanikidzwa kunwa. Vakawanda vanopikisa, vanoti chiremba akazvirambidza, zvinokonzera palpitations, kupera simba. Hapana chinobatsira. Iye muenzi, imwe mhando yenyika kunze kwenguva, uye nzvimbo, uye pfungwa. Pakutanga, zvakaoma kwaari, uye ipapo dumbu rake rinowedzera, uye anotanga kutora zvose zvaanopiwa, uye ane kodzero yezvikamu, semhuka. Mushure mewaini yakasiyana-siyana - dessert, kofi, doro, michero, dzimwe nguva cigar inodhura ichaiswa, utsi uye utsi. Uye anosvuta, uye musoro wake wakazara chepfu, uchitenderera mune imwe mhando yehutano husina kunaka. Vanomuka kubva kulunch. Pachiitiko chemuenzi, akadya imba yose. Vanopinda muimba yekutandarira, muenzi anofanira kunge aine nyota. Kurumidza, kurumidza, seltzer. Paanongonwa, zvihwitsi kana chokoreti zvinopihwa, uye ipapo vanotungamira tii yekunwa nezvikafu zvinotonhora. Muenzi wacho, unoona, arasika zvachose pfungwa dzake uye anofara, apo pane imwe mangwanani anozosvika kumba ndokuwira pamubhedha wake afenda.
Uyewo, apo vaenzi vanoungana pamunhu uyu ane mwero, akanyarara, anopenga. Nezuro wacho zvinhu zvaitengwa, imba yese yakamira, vashandi vakatsiurwa nekurohwa, zvinhu zvese zvakatsikitsira, vaigocha, vachipfungaira, sekunge vakamirira maIndia aziya nenzara. Mukuwedzera, nhema dzose dzehupenyu dzinoonekwa mumagadzirirwo aya - vashanyi vanokosha vane kodzero yekugadzirira imwe chete, ndiro imwe, mavhasi uye yerineni, vaenzi vevhareji - zvinhu zvose zviri pakati nepakati, uye varombo vari kuwedzera kuipa, uye zvinonyanya kukosha, zviduku. Kunyangwe izvi zviri izvo chete zvinogona kunge zviri nzara chaiyo. Uye vana, nevatungamiriri, nevaranda, uye muchengeti wemikova vanodzidziswa kubva paudiki, vachitarisa mamiriro ekugadzirira, kuremekedza vamwe, zvakanaka, kuvapfugamira zvine ruremekedzo, kuzvidza vamwe. Imba yese inojaira kugara mumanyepo asingaperi - chimwe chinhu kune vamwe, chimwe kune ivo pachavo. Uye Mwari ngaasada kuti vamwe vazive mararamiro avanoita zuva nezuva. Kune vanhu vanochera zvinhu zvavo kuitira kuti vadye zvirinani vaenzi, kutenga pineapple newaini, vamwe vanocheka kubva mubhajeti, kubva kune inonyanya kukosha kune chimwe chinangwa. Mukuwedzera, munhu wese anotapukirwa nedenda rekutevedzera. "Zvichava zvakanyanya kwandiri kupfuura vamwe?"
Tsika idzi dzechienzi dzinobva kupi? - Ndinobvunza IE [Repin] - Izvi, zvichida, zvakauya kwatiri kubva kuMabvazuva !!!
Mabvazuva!? Zvakawanda sei zvaunoziva nezveMabvazuva! Ikoko, hupenyu hwemhuri hwakavharwa uye vaenzi havabvumirwi kunyange pedyo - muenzi muimba yekugamuchira anogara pasofa uye anonwa kapu duku yekofi. Ndizvo zvose!
- Uye muFinland, vashanyi vanokokwa kwete kunzvimbo yavo, asi kuchitoro chekudya kana kuresitorendi, asi muGermany vanoenda kune vavakidzani nedoro ravo. Saka, ndiudze, tsika iyi inobva kupi?
- Kubva kupi! Ichi chimiro cheRussia chete. Verenga Zabelin, ane zvese zvakanyorwa. Mumazuva ekare, kwaiva nendiro makumi matanhatu pakudya kwemanheru nemadzimambo uye vakomana. Zvakatowanda. Vangani, ini pamwe handikwanise kutaura, zvinoita kunge zvasvika zana.
Kazhinji, kazhinji muMoscow pfungwa dzakafanana, dzinodyiwa dzaiuya mupfungwa dzangu. Uye ndinosarudza kushandisa simba rangu rose kuti ndizvigadzirise kubva kumafomu ekare, asingachashandi. Kodzero dzakaenzana uye kuzvibatsira haisi pfungwa dzakaipa, shure kwezvose! Izvo zvinodikanwa kurasa ballast yekare iyo inokanganisa hupenyu uye inovhiringidza hukama hwakanaka huri nyore!
Ehe, isu tiri kutaura pano nezve tsika dzepamusoro strata ye pre-revolutionary Russian society. Zvisinei, hazvibviri kuti usayeuke iyo yakakurumbira "Russian Hospitality", ngano yeIA Krylov Demyanov nzeve, zvichemo zvechiremba Pavel Niemeyer pamusoro pezvinonzi "mafuta" pamabiko ega (Abfutterung muPrivatkreisen, ona pazasi p. 374 yy) kana kuti zvakajeka mamiriro ezvinhu akaiswa naWolfgang Goethe, akagamuchira kokero kubva kuna Moritz von Bethmann muFrankfurt musi wa19 Gumiguru, 1814: “Ndibvumirei kuti ndikuudzei, nokubuditsa pachena kwomuenzi, kuti handina kumbojaira kuva nazvo. kudya kwemanheru.” Uye zvichida mumwe munhu acharangarira zviitiko zvavo pachavo.
Kugamuchira vaeni kwakanyanya kwakava chinhu chekurwiswa kwakasimba naNordman uye muna 1908:
“Uye tirimo muhotera yedu, muimba huru, takagara mukona nokuda kwechisvusvuro chemirivo. Boborykin anesu. Akasangana parift uye zvino anotigezesa nemaruva ekusiyana-siyana kwake <…>.
"Tichadya kudya kwemangwanani uye masikati pamwe chete mazuva ano," Boborykin anopa zano. Asi zvinokwanisika here kudya kudya kwemangwanani uye kwemasikati nesu? Kutanga, nguva yedu yakakodzera, uye chechipiri, tinoedza kudya zvishoma sezvinobvira, kuunza zvokudya zvishoma. Mudzimba dzose, gout uye sclerosis zvinoshandiswa pamahwendefa akaisvonaka nemavhasi. Uye vaenzi vari kuedza nesimba ravo rose kuvapinza muvaenzi. Rimwe zuva takaenda kubreakfast ine mwero. Pakosi yechinomwe, mundangariro ndakasarudza kusagamuchirazve kokero. Imarii mangani, kunetsa kwakadini, uye zvese mukufarira kufutisa nehurwere. Uye iniwo ndakasarudza kusazombobata chero munhu zvakare, nekuti ndatove pamusoro pe ice cream ndakanzwa hasha dzisinga zivike kuna mutarisiri. Mukati memaawa maviri akagara patafura, haana kubvumira kurukurirano imwe kuti itange. Akavhiringidza mazana epfungwa, akavhiringidzika uye akagumbura kwete isu chete. Parizvino mumwe akashama muromo wake - wakagurwa pamudzi nezwi remuhosikadzi - "Sei usingatore muto?" – “Kwete, kana uchida, ndichakuisira mamwe matoki! ..” – Muenzi wacho, achicheuka-cheuka, akapinda muhondo yemaoko, asi akafa mairi zvisingachinjiki. Ndiro yake yaive yakaturikwa nechekumucheto.
Kwete, kwete - ini handidi kutora basa rinosiririsa uye rinotyisa remuhosi muchimiro chekare.
Kuratidzira kunopesana nemagungano ehupenyu hwehumbozha uye husimbe hunogona kuwanikwawo mukutsanangurwa kwekushanya kwaRepin naNordman kune mupendi uye muunganidzi IS Ostroukhov (1858-1929). Vaenzi vakawanda vakauya kumba kwaOstroukhov nokuda kwemanheru emimhanzi yakatsaurirwa kuna Schubert. Mushure mevatatu:
“UYE. E. [Repin] akacheneruka uye aneta. Yasvika nguva yekuenda. Tiri mumugwagwa. <…>
- Unoziva here kuti zvakaoma sei kugara mune masters. <…> Kwete, sezvaunoda, handikwanise kuita izvi kwenguva yakareba.
- Ini handikwanise kana. Zvinoita here kugara pasi uye kuenda zvakare?
– Ngatiende netsoka! Zvinoshamisa!
– Ndiri kuenda, ndiri kuenda!
Uye mweya wakakora uye unotonhora zvekuti haupindi mumapapu.
Zuva rakatevera, mamiriro akafanana. Panguva ino vari kushanyira munyori ane mukurumbira Vasnetsov: "Uye heuno mudzimai. IE akandiudza kuti aibva kune intelligentsia, kubva kune wekutanga akapedza kudzidza wevakadzi vanachiremba, kuti akanga akachenjera zvikuru, ane simba uye aigara ari shamwari yakanaka yaViktor Mikhailovich. Saka haaendi, asi saizvozvi – anoyangarara, kana kuti anoumburuka. Kufutisa, shamwari dzangu! Uye chii! Tarisa. Uye iye haana hanya - uye sei! Heino mufananidzo wake pamadziro muna 1878. Mutete, ane pfungwa, ane maziso matema anopisa.
Kupupura kwaNB Nordman mukuzvipira kwake kune vegetarianism kunoratidzwa nekutendeseka kwakafanana. Ngatienzanisei tsamba yechina kubva munyaya yerwendo rwa1909: "Nemanzwiro uye pfungwa dzakadaro takapinda muSlavyansky Bazaar nezuro kwekudya kwemangwanani. O, hupenyu hweguta huno! Iwe unofanirwa kujaira mhepo yayo yechikakananda, chepfu nechikafu chechitunha, kugomadza manzwiro ako etsika, kanganwa zvisikwa, Mwari, kuti ugone kuzvitsungirira. Ndichitura befu, ndakarangarira mhepo yesango redu. Uye denga, nezuva, nenyeredzi zvinoratidzira mumwoyo yedu. “Munhu, ndichenese gaka nekukasika. Wanzwa!? Izwi rinozivikanwa. Kusangana zvakare. Zvakare, tiri vatatu patafura. Ndiani? handichatauri. Zvimwe unogona kufungidzira. <...> Patafura yedu pane waini tsvuku inodziya, wisky [sic!], ndiro dzakasiyana-siyana, carrion yakanaka mumacurls. <…> Ndaneta uye ndirikuda kuenda kumba. Uye panzira dzomumusha pane zvisina maturo, zvisina maturo. Mangwana manheru eKisimusi. Ngoro dzemhuru dzakaoma nechando nezvimwe zvisikwa zvipenyu zvinotambanukira kwose kwose. MuOkhotny Ryad, maruva eshiri dzakafa anorembera nemakumbo. Zuva Rinotevera Mangwana Kuzvarwa kweMuponesi Munyoro. Hupenyu hungani hwakarasika muZita raKe.” Mafungiro akafanana pamberi peNordman anogona kuwanikwa atove mune chinyorwa chaShelley PaVegetable System yeDiet (1814-1815).
Chinoda kuziva mupfungwa iyi ndicho chirevo cheimwe kokero kuOstroukhovs, panguva ino nokuda kwechisvusvuro (tsamba yechinomwe): “Takaita chisvusvuro chemirivo. Zvinoshamisa kuti varidzi, uye mubiki, uye vashandi vakanga vari pasi pekunyengedzwa kwechinhu chinofinha, chine nzara, chinotonhora uye chisingakoshi. Waifanira kunge wakaona muto wehowa wakaonda wainhuwirira mvura iri kufashaira, zviya zvemupunga zvine mafuta zvakabikwa zvakaviriswa zvinonzwisa tsitsi, uye poto yakadzika yaibudiswa soup yakakora nechipunu. Zviso zvakasuruvara zvine pfungwa inomanikidzirwa pavari.”
Muzviratidzo zveramangwana, mune zvakawanda zvakajeka kupfuura zvavanokweverwa nenhetembo dzinotyisa dzeRussia Symbolists, NB Nordman anofanotaura nekujeka kunoshamisa uye nekupinza kwenjodzi ichaputika pamusoro peRussia mumakore gumi. Pashure pokushanya kwokutanga kuOstroukhov, anonyora kuti: “Mumashoko ake, munhu aigona kunzwa kunamatwa pamberi pemamiriyoni eShchukin. Ini, ndakanyatso savvy nemapepa angu e-5-kopeck, pane zvinopesana, ndakanga ndine nguva yakaoma yekuona mararamiro edu asina kunaka. Kudzvinyirirwa kweguta guru, zuva rekushanda kwemaawa gumi nemaviri, kusachengeteka kwekuremara uye kukwegura kwevashandi verima, grey, kugadzira jira hupenyu hwavo hwose, nekuda kwechidimbu chechingwa, iyi imba yakaisvonaka yeSchukin, yakambovakwa nemaoko. yevaranda vakatorerwa rusununguko rweuranda, uye zvino vachidya muto mamwe chetewo vanhu vakadzvinyirirwa—mifungo yose iyi yakarwadza mandiri sezino rinorwadza, uye uyu murume mukuru, anonyevenuka akanditsamwisa.”
Muhotera yeMoscow maigara maRepins muna Zvita 1909, pazuva rekutanga reKisimusi, Nordman akatambanudza maoko ake kune vese vaifamba netsoka, vatakuri vemikova, vakomana uye akavakorokotedza paHoridhe Huru. "Zuva reKisimusi, uye varume vakazvitora ivo pachavo. Ndeapi makuseni, teas, lunch, kukwira, kushanya, kudya kwemanheru. Uye yakawanda sei waini - masango ose emabhodhoro pamatafura. Zvakadini navo? <...> Tiri vanhu vakangwara, machinda, tiri tega - kwese kwakatitenderedza kwakazara nemamiriyoni ehupenyu hwevamwe vanhu. <...> Hazvityisi here kuti vanenge vodambura macheni vachitizadza nerima ravo, kusaziva uye vodka.
Pfungwa dzakadaro hadzisiyi NB Nordman kunyange muYasnaya Polyana. "Zvese zviri pano zvakapfava, asi kwete eccentric, semuridzi wevhu. <...> Zvinonzwika kuti dzimba mbiri dzisina chinhu dzakamira dzisina dziviriro pakati pesango <...> Mukunyarara kweusiku hutema, kupenya kwemoto kuri kurota, kutyisa kwekurwiswa nekukundwa, uye ndiani anoziva zvinotyisa uye kutya. Uye mumwe anonzwa kuti nokukurumidza kana kuti gare gare simba guru iroro richatora, kutsvaira tsika yose yekare uye kuronga zvinhu zvose nenzira yaro, nenzira itsva. Uye gore rakatevera, zvakare muYasnaya Polyana: "LN inosiya, uye ndinoenda kunofamba neIE ini ndichiri kuda kufema mweya weRussia" (ndisati ndadzokera ku" Finnish "Kuokkala). Musha unoonekwa kure:
“Asi muFinland upenyu huchiri hwakasiyana zvachose nehwemuRussia,” ndinodaro. "Russia yese iri munzvimbo dzemanor estates, uko kuchine humbozha, greenhouses, mapichisi nemaruva ari maruva, raibhurari, chitoro chemishonga, paki, imba yekugezera, uye kumativi ese iko zvino irima rekare. , urombo uye kushaya kodzero. Tine vavakidzani vari kurima muKuokkala, asi nenzira yavo ivo vakapfuma kupfuura isu. Ko mombe, mabhiza! Ivhu rakawanda sei, iro rinenge richikosheswa 3 rubles. fathom. Ingani dachas imwe neimwe. Uye dacha gore negore inopa 400, 500 rubles. Munguva yechando, vanewo mari yakanaka - kuisa glaciers, kupa ruffs uye burbots kuSt. Mumwe nomumwe wevavakidzani vedu ane zviuru zvinoverengeka zvemihoro yegore negore, uye ukama hwedu naye hwakaenzana chose chose. Ndekupi kumwe kuRussia zvisati zvaitika?!
Uye zvinotanga kuratidzika kwandiri kuti Russia iri panguva ino mune imwe mhando ye interregnum: yekare iri kufa, uye itsva haisati yaberekwa. Uye ndinomunzwira tsitsi uye ndinoda kumusiya nekukurumidza sezvinobvira.
I. Kurudziro yaPerper kuti azvipire zvizere mukuparadzira pfungwa dzezvinomera NB Nordman zvakarambwa. Basa rekunyora nemibvunzo yo“kusunungurwa kwevaranda” zvakaratidzika kwaari kuva zvinokosha zvikuru uye zvakamupinza mundangariro chose chose; akarwira zvimiro zvitsva zvekurukurirano; vashandi, somuenzaniso, vaifanira kugara patafura nevaridzi - izvi zvaive, maererano naye, naVG Chertkov. Vezvitoro vakazeza kutengesa kabhuku kake pamusoro pemamiriro evashandi vemumba; asi akawana nzira yokubuda nayo nokushandisa hamvuropu dzakanyatsodhindwa dzakanyorwa kuti: “Vashandi vanofanira kusunungurwa. Pamphlet naNB Nordman”, uye pazasi: “Usauraya. VI murairo” (kurwara. 8).
Mwedzi mitanhatu Nordman asati afa, "Appeal to a Russian Intelligent Woman" yakadhindwa muVO, umo iye, zvakare achikurudzira kusunungurwa kwemamiriyoni matatu evashandi vechikadzi vaivepo muRussia, akakurudzira gwaro rake "Charter of the Society for the Kudzivirirwa kweMauto Anomanikidzwa”. Gwaro iri rakanyora zvinotevera zvinodiwa: maawa ekushanda nguva dzose, zvirongwa zvedzidzo, sangano rekushanyira vabatsiri, vachitevedzera muenzaniso weAmerica, dzimba dzakaparadzana kuti vararame vakazvimirira. Chaifanira kuronga mudzimba idzi zvikoro zvokudzidzisa basa rechikoro rinoitirwa kumba, hurukuro, varaidzo, mitambo nemaraibhurari, pamwe chete ne“mari yokubatsirana kana kurwara, kurovha uye kuchembera.” Nordman aida kumisa iyi "nzanga" nyowani pamusimboti wekuendesa matunhu uye chimiro chemubatanidzwa. Pakupera kwechikumbiro chakadhindwa chibvumirano chimwe chetecho chakanga chashandiswa mu“Penates” kwemakore anoverengeka. Chibvumirano chakapa mukana wekugadzirisa zvakare, nekubvumirana, maawa ezuva rekushanda, pamwe chete nemari yekuwedzera kune mumwe muenzi anoshanyira imba (10 kopecks!) Uye kwemaawa akawanda ekushanda. Pamusoro pezvokudya zvakanzi: “Mumba medu unowana kudya kwamangwanani kwemirivo netii mangwanani uye zvokudya zvamasikati zvemirivo nenguva yetatu. Iwe unogona kudya mangwanani uye masikati, kana uchida, nesu kana zvakasiyana.
Mafungiro ezvemagariro evanhu akaonekwawo mumatauriro ake emitauro. Nomurume wake, akanga ari pa "iwe", pasina kunze akati "comrade" kuvarume, uye "hanzvadzi" kuvakadzi vose. "Pane chimwe chinhu chinobatanidza pamusoro pemazita aya, kuparadza zvikamu zvese zvekugadzira." Muchinyorwa Our ladies-in-waiting, rakabudiswa muchirimo cha1912, Nordman akadzivirira "vasikana vekukudza" - magavhuna mubasa revakuru veRussia, kazhinji vakadzidza zvikuru kupfuura vashandirwi vavo; akatsanangura kudzvinyirirwa kwavo uye akavakumbira zuva rekushanda kwemaawa masere, uyewo kuti vanofanira kudanwa nemazita avo ekutanga uye epatronymic. "Mumamiriro ezvinhu aripo iye zvino, kuvapo kwechisikwa ichi chemuranda mumba kune kukanganisa kumweya wemwana."
Achitaura nezve "vashandi", Nordman akashandisa izwi rekuti "vashandi" - chirevo chinopesana nehukama hwechokwadi, asi chisipo uye chinenge chisipo kubva mumaduramazwi echiRussia kwenguva yakareba iri kuuya. Aida kuti vatengesi vaitengesa mastrawberries nemimwe michero muzhizha vasamudaidza kuti "mukadzi" uye kuti vakadzi ava vadzivirirwe kubva mukushungurudzwa nemadzishe avo (kulaks). Akanga akatsamwa nokuti vanotaura nezvedzimba dzakapfuma pamusoro pe "mberi" yemukova uye nezve "dema" - tinoverenga nezve "kupikisa" uku muKI Chukovsky's diary entry yaJuly 18/19, 1924. Mukutsanangura kushanya kwake. naRepin kumunyori II Yasinsky ("gamba rezvinomera rezuva"), anonyatsotaura kuti vanodya kudya kwemanheru "pasina varanda," ndiko kuti, vasina vashandi.
Nordman aifarira kupedzisa tsamba dzake dzimwe nguva nenzira yemasekete, uye dzimwe nguva achipokana, "nekwaziso yemuriwo." Mukuwedzera, aigara achishandura kune zviperengo zviri nyore, akanyora zvinyorwa zvake, pamwe chete netsamba dzake, pasina mavara "yat" uye "er". Anoomerera kuchiperengo chitsva muTestamende yeParadhiso.
Muchinyorwa PaZuva reZita, Nordman anotaura kuti mwanakomana wevaaizivana naye akagamuchira sei marudzi ese ezvombo nemamwe matoyi echiuto sechipo: "Vasya haana kutiziva. Nhasi akanga ari mutungamiriri wehondo, uye shuviro yake bedzi yakanga iri yokutiuraya <…> Takamutarisa nemaziso ane runyararo evanodya miriwo” 70. Vabereki vanodada nemwanakomana wavo, vanoti vakanga vachitomutenga. pfuti yemuchina diki:… ". Kune izvi, Nordman anopindura kuti: "Ndosaka vanga vachida, kuti usamedza turnips uye kabichi ...". Nharo pfupi yakanyorwa yakasungwa. Kwapera gore, Hondo Yenyika Yekutanga ichatanga.
NB Nordman akaziva kuti vegetarianism, kana ichida kuzivikanwa nevakawanda, ichafanirwa kutsvaga rutsigiro rwesainzi yekurapa. Ndosaka akatora nhanho dzekutanga munzira iyi. Kufuridzirwa, sezviri pachena, nepfungwa yekubatana kwenharaunda yevanodya zvirimwa paFirst All-Russian Congress yeVegetarians, yakaitirwa muMoscow kubva Kubvumbi 16 kusvika Kubvumbi 20, 1913 (cf. VII. 5 yy), achifadzwa nekutaura kwake kwakabudirira pa Kurume 24 paPsychoneurological Institute prof. VM Bekhtereva, mutsamba yaMay 7, 1913, Nordman anotaura nemukurumbira wezveuropiyo uye munyori-mubatanidzwa wereflexology nechikumbiro chekumisa dhipatimendi rezvekudya kwezvinomera - chiitiko chaive chakashinga uye chichifambira mberi panguva iyoyo:
"Anodiwa Vladimir Mikhailovich, <...> Sezvakamboitika, pasina, pasina kushandiswa, utsi hwakapararira pamusoro penyika uye magetsi akapenya, saka nhasi zvirimwa zvinomhanya nepasi mumhepo, sesimba rekuporesa rezvisikwa. Uye inomhanya uye inofamba. Kutanga, kare nokuti zuva rega rega hana inomutsa muvanhu uye, maererano neizvi, maonero ekuponda ari kuchinja. Zvirwere zvinokonzerwa nekudya nyama zviri kuwedzerawo, uye mitengo yezvigadzirwa zvemhuka iri kukwira.
Bata vegetarianism nenyanga nekukurumidza, zviise mukudzorera, zviongorore nekuchenjerera kuburikidza nemaikorosikopu, uye pakupedzisira zivisa nenzwi guru kubva papurupiti senhau dzakanaka dzehutano, mufaro uye hupfumi !!!
Wese munhu anonzwa kudikanwa kwekudzidza kwakadzama kwesainzi kwechidzidzo. Isu tose, tinokotama pamberi pesimba renyu rinopfachukira, pfungwa dzakajeka uye moyo wakanaka, tinokutarisai netariro netariro. Iwe ndiwe wega muRussia unogona kuve muvambi uye muvambi wedhipatimendi rezvinomera.
Kana nyaya yacho ichangopfuura mumadziro eMashiripiti Institute yako, kuzeza, kuseka uye manzwiro anobva apera. Varandakadzi vekare, vadzidzisi vekumba nevaparidzi vachadzokera kudzimba dzavo nounyoro.
Mukati memakore mashoma, Institute ichaparadzirwa pakati pemhomho yevarapi vechidiki, yakadzika midzi muruzivo uye ruzivo. Uye isu tose uye zvizvarwa zvinotevera zvichakuropafadzai !!!
Kuremekedza zvakadzama iwe Natalia Nordman-Severova.
VM Bekhterev akapindura tsamba iyi muna Chivabvu 12 mutsamba kuna IE Repin:
"Anodiwa Ilya Efimovich, Kupfuura mamwe makwaziso, ndakafadzwa netsamba yakagamuchirwa kubva kwauri naNatalya Borisovna. Natalya Borisovna's proposal uye yako, ndiri kutanga kufunga. Ini handisati ndaziva kuti zvichadzika sei, asi chero zvakadaro, kukura kwekufunga kunozoiswa mukufamba.
Zvadaro, mudiwa Ilya Efimovich, unondibata nekuteerera kwako. <...> Asi ndinokumbira mvumo yokuva nemi mushure mechinguva, zvichida vhiki imwe, mbiri kana nhatu gare gare, nokuti zvino isu, kana kuti ini, tiri kudzipwa nebvunzo. Pandinongosununguka, ndichakurumidza kuuya kwamuri pamapapiro emufaro. Kwaziso yangu kuna Natalya Borisovna.
Wako wakatendeka, V. Bekhterev.
Natalya Borisovna akapindura tsamba iyi kubva kuBekhterev musi waMay 17, 1913 - maererano nehupenyu hwake, imwe yakakwidziridzwa, asi panguva imwe chete kwete pasina kuzvidzora:
Anodiwa Vladimir Mikhailovich, Tsamba yako kuna Ilya Efimovich, izere nemweya wekuita kwakazara uye simba, inondiisa mumamiriro aAkim naAnna: Ndinoona mwana wangu wandinoda, pfungwa yangu mumaoko evabereki munyoro, ndinoona kukura kwake mune ramangwana, rake. simba, uye zvino ndinofa murugare kana kugara murugare. Zvese [spelling NBN!] hurukuro dzangu dzakasungwa netambo uye dzinotumirwa kuimba yepamusoro. Zvigadzirwa zvemaoko zvichatsiviwa nevhu resainzi, marabhoritari achatanga kushanda, dhipatimendi richataura <...> zvinoratidzika kwandiri kuti kunyangwe kubva pakuona kwekuita, kudikanwa kwevanachiremba vechidiki kuti vadzidze izvo zvakatokura kuita masisitimu ese mu. Madokero akatozvimba: mafungu makuru ane vaparidzi vavo, masanatorium avo uye makumi ezviuru zvevateveri. Nditenderei, ini munhu asingazive, kutambanudza zvine mwero shizha nemaroto angu emuriwo <…>.
Heino "shizha" iri - dhizaini rakanyorwa netapureta rinoratidza matambudziko akati wandei anogona kunge ari musoro we "dhipatimendi rezvekudya zvinomera":
Dhipatimendi reVegetarianism
1). Nhoroondo yezvinomera.
2). Vegetarianism sedzidziso yetsika.
Kufurira kwezvinomera pamuviri wemunhu: moyo, gland, chiropa, kugaya, itsvo, tsandanyama, tsinga, mapfupa. Uye kuumbwa kweropa. / Kudzidza nekuedza uye tsvakurudzo yerabhoritari.
Kufurira kwezvinomera pa psyche: chiyeuchidzo, kutarisa, kukwanisa kushanda, unhu, mafungiro, rudo, ruvengo, kutsamwa, kuda, kutsungirira.
Pamusoro pemigumisiro yezvokudya zvakabikwa pamuviri.
Nezve pesvedzero yeRAW FOOD PAMUSORO.
Vegetarianism senzira yehupenyu.
Vegetarianism senzira yekudzivirira zvirwere.
Vegetarianism semurapi wezvirwere.
Pesvedzero yezvinomera pazvirwere: kenza, kudhakwa, chirwere chepfungwa, kufutisa, neurasthenia, pfari, nezvimwe.
Kurapa nemasimba ekuporesa echisikigo, ayo ari tsigiro huru yezvinomera: chiedza, mhepo, zuva, masaja, gymnastics, mvura inotonhora uye inopisa mune zvose zvinoshandiswa.
Kurapa kweSchroth.
Kutsanya kurapwa.
Kutsenga kurapwa (Horace Fletcher).
Chikafu mbishi (Bircher-Benner).
Kurapa kwechirwere chetachiona maererano nenzira itsva dzevegetarianism (Carton).
Kuongorora Pascoe's Theory.
Maonero eHindhede nehurongwa hwake hwekudya.
Lamann.
Kneip.
GLUNIKE [Glunicke)]
HAIG nezvimwe zvivheneko zveEurope neAmerica.
Kuongorora zvishandiso zve sanatorium kuMadokero.
Chidzidzo chemhedzisiro yemakwenzi pamuviri wemunhu.
Kugadzirira kwemishonga yemishonga inokosha.
Kuunganidzwa kwevanhu vanoporesa mishonga yemakwenzi.
Kudzidza kwesainzi kwemishonga yevanhu: kurapwa kwegomarara nekukura kwekenza yebirch bark, rheumatism nemashizha ebhirch, buds nehorsetail, nezvimwewo, nezvimwewo.
Chidzidzo chezvinyorwa zvekune dzimwe nyika pane vegetarianism.
Pamusoro pekugadzirira kwakanaka kwezvokudya zvinochengetedza mineral salt.
Bhizinesi nzendo dzevanachiremba vechidiki kunze kwenyika kuti vadzidze maitiro emazuva ano mune vegetarianism.
Chishandiso chezvikwata zvinobhururuka zvekuparadzira mashoko kune mhomho yepfungwa dzezvinomera.
Kufurira kwekudya kwenyama: cadaveric chepfu.
Nezvekutapurirana [sic] kwezvirwere zvakasiyana kumunhu kuburikidza nechikafu chemhuka.
Pamusoro pesimba remukaka kubva kumombe yakagumbuka pamunhu.
Kutya uye kusadya kusina kunaka semugumisiro wakananga wemukaka wakadaro.
Ongororo uye kutsunga kwekukosha kwekudya kwekudya kwakasiyana siyana kwemuriwo.
Nezve zviyo, zviri nyore uye zvisina kupepetwa.
Nezve kufa kunononoka kwemweya semugumisiro wakananga wehupfu ne cadaveric poisons.
Nezvekumuka kwehupenyu hwemweya nekutsanya.
Dai chirongwa ichi chaitwa, saka muSt.
Hazvina mhosva kuti Bekhterev akatanga sei "kuvandudzwa kwe [iyi] pfungwa" - gore rakatevera, Nordman akanga atofa uye Hondo Yenyika Yekutanga yakanga iri pachikumbaridzo. Asi Madokero, zvakare, aifanira kumirira kusvika pakupera kwezana ramakore kuti atsvage tsvakiridzo yezvikafu zvezvirimwa izvo, zvichipihwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvekudya zvemuriwo, zvinoisa zvekurapa pamberi-maitiro akatorwa naKlaus Leitzmann naAndreas Hahn mu. bhuku ravo kubva kuyunivhesiti yakatevedzana "Unitaschebücher".