Mukati
Mutauro unopiwa kumunhu kuti ataure nevamwe, kutaura pfungwa dzake uye kugamuchira mashoko. Hazvibviri kutaura zvakajeka kuti ndeupi mutauro unonyanya kunaka: kukakavara hakuna kupera pamusoro peizvi mumusasa wevanyori vemitauro uye vashanduri kwemazana emakore. Yakanaka inogona kunzi French, British dialect yeChirungu (yakasiyana neAmerica).
Zvakare zvinofadza kunzwa iSpanish, Greek, Russian, our country. Nenzira, nyanzvi dzinotaura kuti chiRussia ndeimwe yemitauro yakaoma kune vatorwa kudzidza, uye chiChinese haisi iyo inonyanya kunakidza kuteerera. Mutauro wechiGerman unonzwika wakajeka uye uchitenderedza, nepo Italian inomutsa mifananidzo yekare yeRoma. Pazasi isu tichataura nezve nhoroondo yemitauro gumi yenyika.
10 Ritunia
Nyanzvi dzemitauro dzinokakavadzana pamusoro pemidzi Ritunia kubva muzana remakore rechitatu. Kune akati wandei dzidziso uye kunyange pseudo-dzidziso yekwakabva mutauro weiyi vanhu veBaltic. Ikozvino mutauro uyu ndeumwe wevakuru muEuropean Union, unotaurwa nevanhu vangangosvika mamirioni mazana manomwe. Mutauro wacho wakafanana nemutauro weEurope, haugone kuudaidza kuti haufadzi nzeve.
Mazwi enziyo, kunyangwe "phlegmatic" emutauro uyu anodzikamisa, uye hupenyu pachahwo muBaltic States hwave kuyerera zvakayerwa uye nekutandara kwemazana emakore akati wandei. VaLithuania vanotaura zvishoma nezvishoma, vachitora mavara ega uye mazwi. Kudzidza chiLithuanian hakuna kuoma zvachose, kunyanya kuEurope neSlavs. Kuziva mutauro kunosungirwa kune vagari veLithuania uye sarudzo kune "vasiri vagari" (pane pfungwa yakadaro mumutemo wenyika).
9. Chinese
Chinese inoonekwa seimwe yekare kwazvo pasi pano, kuumbwa kwayo kwakatanga muzana ramakore reXI BC. Madimikira akasiyana echiChinese ave kushandiswa nevanhu vanopfuura bhiriyoni imwe. Pamwe chete neRussia, ndeimwe yemitauro yakaoma kwazvo kudzidza. Kunyangwe muGuinness Book of Records, akaonekwa chaizvo nekuda kwekuoma. Sezvambotaurwa pamusoro apa, mutauro wacho "wakapinza", kune zvakawanda zvekuridza mhere.
Nenzira, maKorea neJapan hieroglyphs maChinese akachena, akakweretwa nevanhu veAsia munguva dzekare, asi "mazuva ano" nekufamba kwenguva. Zvinosetsa, asi zvisinei nekuti maChinese kubva kumapurovhinzi akasiyana akashandisa mutauro wakafanana wakanyorwa, kare (uye kunyange zvino nenzira dzakawanda) vaisanzwisisana. Chete pakati pe50s yezana ramakore rapfuura, hurumende yeKudenga Empire yakaunza chiyero chemutauro mumwechete, hwaro hwacho hwaive mataurirwo eBeijing.
8. Russian
Mazuva ano Russian mutauro yakabva kuOld Slavonic, Church Slavonic uye Old Russian mitauro. Madimikira akanyangarika zvishoma nezvishoma kubva mukutaura kwevanhu vekuEast Slavic, kutaurwa kwekutanga kwemutauro wemazuva ano kwakaonekwa panguva yerubhabhatidzo rweRus makore akapoteredza 999 AD. Zvinotendwa kuti mabhuku echechi ekutanga uye zvinyorwa zvakauya kuRus kubva kuBulgaria mushure mekushandura kwavo kubva mumutauro wechiGiriki.
Cyril naMethodius vakapa nyika yacho mutauro wazvino uno unonyorwa, asi chiSlavonic cheChechi, chairangarirwa somutauro unozivikanwa navose, uye chiSlavonic cheChechi Yekare (chinobva kuna Cyril naMethodius chete) hachina kugona kurwisana. Uyezve, vaiita sevanopindirana. Eya, kuchinja kunokosha zvikurusa kwomutauro wechiRussia kwakaitika pasi paPeter I muna 1710. Mutauro wacho wakaoma kudzidza, asi wakaisvonaka mukunzwika, zvikurukuru munziyo dzenziyo. Vanhu vanenge mamiriyoni 300 vanotaura chiRussian.
7. Italian
Mutauro weItaly yakasimuka pahwaro hweFlorentine dialect, umo Dante, Boccaccio naPetrarch vakanyora. Chaizvoizvo, ivo vanonzi vagadziri vemutauro wemazuva ano weItaly. Kunyange zvazvo munguva dzekare uye mune dzimwe nyika, vagari veimwe nharaunda yeItaly vaisagona zvachose kunzwisisa vavakidzani vavo vari kure. Iye zvino mutauro weItaly wakakurumbira pakudzidza.
Italian inotaurwa muItaly pachayo, Vatican, Switzerland nedzimwe nyika, semuenzaniso, mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzeCroatia neSlovenia. Arufabheti ndiyo ipfupi mumitauro yeEurope, kune mabhii makumi maviri nematanhatu chete. Vanhu vangangosvika mamirioni makumi manomwe pasi rose vanotaura chiItalian. Sezvo mashoko mazhinji emutauro wacho achiguma nezwi revhawero, mutauro wacho pachawo wakanaka zvikuru uye une ruzha.
6. korean
Nyanzvi dzemitauro dzinodaro korean makore anenge 500. Pakutanga, mavara echiChinese aishandiswa muKorea, zvishoma nezvishoma achiavandudza. Arufabheti ine mavara makumi maviri nemapfumbamwe, gumi ari mavhawero. Mutauro weKorea une hasha, asi "unyoro", sekutaura. Zvinosetsa, asi maKorea anoshandisa nhamba dzeKorea kwemaawa uye nhamba dzeChinese kwemaminetsi. Kunyange shoko rinowanzoitwa rokuti “mazvita” rinodudzwa zvakasiyana, zvichienderana nokuti rinoitirwa ani.
Pasinei ne "kuoma" kwambotaurwa kwemutauro, nziyo dzeKorea dzine ruzha uye dzakanaka chaizvo. Nzira iri nyore yekudzidza chiKorea neruzivo rwechiChinese kana chiJapan, ndiwo mutauro wekuAsia uri nyore kudzidza. Vanhu vanosvika mamiriyoni makumi manomwe neshanu vanotaura Modern Korean nhasi.
5. ChiGiriki
Mutauro wechiGiriki yakatanga kutenderera muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX BC, yakashandurwa zvishoma nezvishoma uye yakagadziridzwa. Zviyeuchidzo zvekare zvekare zvemutauro ndiyo nhetembo dzakanaka "Odyssey" uye "Iliad" naHomer, kunyange zvazvo masayendisiti achiri kukakavara pamusoro peizvi. Hongu, uye dzimwe njodzi uye comedies dzevaGiriki dzakasvika panguva yedu. Mutauro unoonekwa seuri nyore kudzidza, melodic uye "munyoro".
Chikoro cheAtene chehuzivi uye chirevo chinenge chinoreva, izvi zvinokonzerwa nekusimudzira kwepamusoro kwekutaura kwekutaura munyika pakutanga kwezana ramakore re12 BC. Vanhu vangangosvika mamirioni makumi maviri neshanu vanotaura boka rechiGiriki remitauro nhasi, uye ingangoita 25% yemazwi echiRussian ane midzi yechiGiriki.
4. our country
mutauro wokuour country yakasimuka pahwaro hwemamwe matauriro eSouth Russian ayo anoshandiswa munzvimbo dzeRostov neVoronezh, mutauro wakagadzirwa nehunyanzvi. Slavic Russian phonetics yakakanganiswa nemaune, mamwe manzwi akatanga kuchinjwa nevamwe, asi kazhinji, munharaunda yeCentral Russia, mutauro wekuour country wakanzwisiswa neruzhinji rwevagari venyika. Nyika yeour country pachayo yakanga isati yavapo, uye nyika dzaive dzePoland, Hungary nedzimwe nyika.
Mutauro wacho une melodic uye wakanaka, vanhu vazhinji vanofarira nziyo muour country. Kazhinji mugari weKyiv haanzwisisi muvakidzani wake kubva kuIvano-Frankivsk, asi Muscovites neSiberia vanotaura mutauro mumwe chete. Mutauro weour country uri nyore kwazvo kudzidza, kunyanya kune vokuRussia, Belarusian, Poles.
3. Arab
History Arabic mune imwe kana zvishoma chimiro chemazuva ano inenge makore 1000. Nyika zhinji dzepasi rose dzakakwereta mazita enhamba kubva kumaArabu. Mutauro wechiArabic wakajeka uye unonzwisisika pakuongorora kwakadzama, asi haufadze zvakanyanya nzeve yeEurope. Nekudaro, mabasa emumhanzi muchiArabic anosiyaniswa nerunako rwawo uye runako rwakakosha rwekumabvazuva.
Chinhu chemutauro uyu kupatsanurwa kwawo kuita zvinyorwa zvekare (midzi inobva muKoran), yemazuva ano uye inowirirana. MaArabu anobva kunyika dzakasiyana haawanzonzwisisana nekuda kwekusiyana kwemitauro. Asi, vachishandisa mutauro wemazuva ano mukutaura, vanonzwisisa vavakidzani vavo. Mutauro wechiArabu une makesi matatu chete, zviri nyore kudzidza nekushingaira.
2. Spanish
Pa Spanish inotaurwa nhasi nevanhu vanenge mamiriyoni 500. Mutauro ndewerimwe remapoka emitauro yeRomance. Uyu ndiwo mutauro une mutsindo uye wakanaka; nziyo dzemimhanzi dzinonzwika zvinoshamisa muchiSpanish. Mazwi mazhinji akakweretwa kubva kumaArabu (anenge zviuru zvina). Muzana ramakore reXVI-XVIII, vaive veSpain vakaita zviwanikwa zvakawanda zvenzvimbo, vachiunza mutauro wavo mutsika dzenyika dzeSouth America, Africa nedzimwe nyika dzeAsia.
Pasinei nemitemo yakatosimbiswa, mutauro weSpanish unoenderera mberi nekuvandudza nhasi. Inonzi iri nyore kudzidza, uye yava kutaurwa munyika 20 pasi rose.
1. French
Imwe yemitauro yakanakisa yeEurope, kubva kune yakakurumbira mutauro wechiLatin. Kufurira kwayo pakuumbwa French vakapawo mitauro yeGerman neCeltic nemitauro. Wese munhu anoziva nziyo dzakanaka nemabhaisikopo muFrench. Vazhinji vekare veRussia vakanyora munguva yavo muchiFrench, semuenzaniso, Leo Tolstoy akanyora basa rake guru "Hondo neRugare" mumutauro uyu zvakare.
Kusaziva French munzanga yepamusoro kwakabva kwaonekwa sechimiro chakaipa, vanhu vazhinji vanokudzwa vaitaurirana mazviri chete. ChiFrench chiri munzvimbo yechisere munyika maererano nemukurumbira, chinotaurwa nevanhu vangangosvika mamirioni mazana maviri nemakumi maviri.