Mukati
Paul Gauguin (1848-1903) akaberekerwa muParis, kwaakaroora ndokuva bhuroka. Asi hupenyu hwemunhu "wakajairika", haana kurarama kwenguva refu. Pakarepo, pasina chikonzero chakajeka, akatora brashi ndokutanga kupenda, uye pakupedzisira chimiro chake chekusika chakazviratidza zvizere.
Paul Gauguin akasiya basa rake, akasiya mudzimai wake ndokuenda kuHaiti, kwaakatanga kugadzira mabasa ounyanzvi. Kunyange zvazvo vanhu vepanguva yake havana kukoshesa basa rake, uye vatsoropodzi nevatori venhau vakatomuseka, akaramba achishanda.
Paul Gauguin, pakutanga kwerwendo rwake, akashanda musimba rekufungidzira, uye akazoshandura kune synthetism uye cloisonism. Mumifananidzo yakakurumbira, yakapendwa muHaiti, muiti anoshandisa mavara akachena uye akajeka zvikuru, uye heroines ake vasikana vane hafu-vakashama vari munzvimbo dzinopisa.
Paul Gauguin ane mifananidzo yakawanda yandinoda kutaura pamusoro payo kwemaawa, asi ikozvino ngationei nokukurumidza kune inonyanya kuzivikanwa?
10 Muti muFarm Yard (1874)
Basa "Muti mupurazi" Paul Gauguin akanyora muna 1874, manyorerwo ake anosarudzwa seImpressionism (iyo iyo nyanzvi yakashanda mumakore ake ekutanga). Iyo canvas inoratidza zhizha: rinenge denga rose "rakafukidzwa" nemakore uye zvinoita sekunge kuchanaya munguva pfupi iri kutevera.
Kuonererwa kwakafanana nekudedera kwemashizha, kufema kwemhepo, kupenya kwemwaranzi yezuva pamusoro pegungwa… Hunhu chaihwo hwegwara rakasarudzwa naPaul Gauguin kuratidza huchokwadi hunoshanduka.
Muiti wemifananidzo aida "kumutsidzira" mabasa ake, kuazadza nekuchinja kwechokwadi. Zvinofanira kutaurwa kuti mumufananidzo "Muti muPurazi Yard", muiti akakurumbira akabudirira.
9. Pasi peMiti yeMango muMartinique (1887)
Paul Gauguin aive nechido chehuduku chenzvimbo dzekunze uye aiona budiriro se "chirwere". Muna 1891, asiya mudzimai wake, akaenda kuHaiti, kwaakanyora mabhuku akanakisisa.
"Pasi peMiti yeMango muMartinique" yakanyorwa zvayo. Muna 1887, mutambi aiva nematambudziko emari, saka aifanira kuenda kuAmerica kunoshanda.
Kudzoka shure, nyanzvi yakakurumbira yakacherechedza Martinka, uye yaisagona kudzivisa spell yechitsuwa. Dai zvisiri zvechisarudzo chaPaul Gauguin chekumira pachitsuwa ichi, mutsara wemabasa anoshamisa angadai asina kusikwa!
Kwemwedzi mina pachitsuwa ichi, akasika 4 mifananidzo. Kunyanya kutarisisa mumufananidzo "Under the Mango Trees muMartinique" inokwezvwa nemutsetse webhuruu uri kure - iyi ruvara inomiririra kudzikama uye runyararo.
8. Une godo here? (1892)
Mapendi akagadzirwa muOceania anotakura mweya weasina kujaira, asi anokwezva anoyevedza nyika kune anoona.. Gauguin akanyatso kuburitsa pamachira ake manzwiro eparadhiso uye vanhu vese. Ivo vakanaka, vane hutano uye vanorarama mukuwirirana nemasikirwo.
The kuratidzwa muna 1893, apo mufananidzo "Une godo?" yakaratidzwa kuvanhu, yakamukonzera kuseka chete. Gauguin akapomerwa mhosva yehutsinye uye mhirizhonga, asi muenzi wacho akangoedza kuva akatendeseka sezvinobvira mubasa rake reunyanzvi, apo vamwe vakasiya zvavakanga vatanga.
Mufananidzo wacho unonyatsoratidza kufara uye rugare zvine vakadzi vechiTahiti. “Une godo here?” yakanyorwa panguva yekutanga Gauguin kugara muTahiti, muna 1982.
7. Les Misérables (1888)
Self-mufananidzo wakatsaurirwa kuna Vincent van Gogh (1853-1890), akapendwa naPaul Gauguin nguva pfupi asati asvika muArles., rudzi rwemutambo-makwikwi pakati pevanyori. Paul Gauguin anoreva muoni kuna Jean Valjean, gamba rebhuku raVictor Hugo (1802-1885), aimbova musungwa.
Sezvaunogona kutofungidzira, kuguma kwake hakusi nyore ... Paul Gauguin aifarira kuzviratidza semupanduki ane shungu uyo aisakwanisa kuwana nzvimbo yake munharaunda ye bourgeoisie. Kuti awedzere kuita, akashandura chiso chake kubva pakati pemufananidzo kuenda kuruboshwe, achitsika pamusoro petsika dzese dzekupenda.
Mukuwedzera, chikamu chechiso chiri mumumvuri, asi imwe inovhenekerwa nezuva. Zvekureva: mune iyi nzira yekuzviita-mufananidzo, iyo mbiri hunhu hwaPaul Gauguin inoverengwa. Zvichida aida kutaura nezvazvo pachake.
6. Zuva rehuMwari (1894)
Paul Gauguin akapenda Zuva rehuMwari muna 1984, ikozvino muArt Institute yeChicago.. Heano mabviro ari pachena ekurudziro kune muimbi. Vakadzi vechiTahiti vakapfeka zvichena - zvipfeko zvavo zvakafanana nemifananidzo yeEgypt yekutamba. Vanoita sevanoyangarara mumhepo!
Uye humwari taaroa (chikamu chepakati chemufananidzo) chinoratidzwa zvakanyatsoenderana nengano idzo Gauguin aifarira. Mifananidzo mitatu yakashama inoita seinofananidzira kusikwa, uye maposi ekutaura nezvesimba rinotyisa roumwari ramwari ari shure kwavo.
Mvura inoyevedzawo mumufananidzo - yakazadzwa nemafomu emoebic. Zvinogoneka kuti aya angori mafomu akagadzirirwa kuzadza mufananidzo neimwe mamiriro.
5. Pears nemazambiringa (1872)
Huchiri hupenyu "Pears nemazambiringa" - iyi ndiyo yekutanga yemabasa aPaul Gauguin mukuunganidzwa kwemugadziri wechiFrench.. Vatsvagiri vakawana mune iri basa maitiro ehunhu hwekufungidzira, pamwe neakakodzera kutaura kwepurasitiki uye kushongedza.
Iyo canvas inoratidza yakanyanya kupusa motif: michero patafura. Mapeya anopenya, uye mazambiringa ane muto uye akaibva. Inonzwa kuti nzvimbo yakapoteredza chibereko izere nechiedza - "inofema", inopenya!
Kuumbwa kwese kunopinzwa nevhavha yehuremu hwepakati. Muiti akapenda mufananidzo uyu mumweya we impressionism, iyo yakanga iri pedyo zvikuru naye.
4. Chiratidzo mushure meMharidzo (1888)
Sezvo atamira kuruwa rweFrance uye akapedza nguva yakati ikoko, Paul Gauguin akatsigira kuti vanhu veko ndevechisikigo uye vakatendeseka, izvo zvisingagoni kutaurwa pamusoro pevagari veguta guru. Mamiriro ekunze akayerwa eBreton akave kurudziro yekunyora Chiono Mushure meMharidzo..
Basa racho rinosiyaniswa nekuumbwa kwaro kusina kujairika, rinoonekwa rakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zviviri: nyika yekufungidzira uye chaiyo. Gauguin anoratidza pacanvas vanhu vachinamata vachitarisana nemashure vachiratidza chiitiko chekufungidzira - Jakobho akanetsana nengirozi. Iyo canvas yakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zviviri nehuni: inotongwa neyakadzama, yakapfuma mavara.
Zvekureva: Paul Gauguin akakwereta mhedzisiro yekuparadzanisa kubva kumifananidzo yeJapan, izvo zvakamukurudzirawo kugadzira manhamba mukuita mutsimba.
3. Breton Peasant Women (1886)
Pa canvas yaPaul Gauguin, tinoona 4 Breton vakadzi vekumapurazi vakapfeka masutu ane ruvara rwakajeka.. Vari kutaura vakamira nemadziro, nechekumashure unoona murimi achifamba nedivi.
Hapana mhezi pamufananidzo - izvi zvinonzwika nekuda kwemukadzi ari kurudyi - akamira akakotamisa musoro wake. Marobhoti ayo anodhirowa neanodhirowa akasununguka, asi mitsetse mikuru inodzvanywa, ichiparadzanisa mafomu uye ichiwedzera akapfuma mavara.
Mukuwedzera, makora machena pavakadzi, akarembera akasununguka kumativi ese, anoshanda semavara ekutaura.
2. Mufaro (1892)
Mufananidzo uyu ndewemunyori anofungidzira Haiti. Akamuona akadaro. Ane mumwe musikana, Tehomana anogara pedyo nemuti uye anotarisa neziso rakapfava. Musikana anoridza nyere, izvo zvinogadzira mhedzisiro yerunyararo.
Kumashure, murume anoita zvipiriso zvake, zviri pachena kuti mutendi. Asi chinonyanya kukosha ivara. Mufananidzo "Mufaro" naGauguin unonyatsoenderana.
Paul Gauguin akataura nezvebasa rake semimhanzi yaakasika nemavara nemitsara. Nyanzvi yakatora kurudziro kubva kune zvakasikwa, yakapfuma mumavara uye maumbirwo.
1. Fair Angel (1889)
Mukadzi ari pa canvas – Maria Angelica Star, mudzimai waMajor, iyo Gauguin akanhonga ruvara rwebhuruu, uye akairondedzera kumativi. Inoratidzika semufananidzo mugirazi. Kuruboshwe kwemukadzi ndiPeruvia mummy, chikamu chekuunganidza kwaamai vaPaul Gauguin.
Nguo dzaAngelica dzinogadzira pfungwa yeexoticism, iyo inotengesa chiso chake. Van Gogh akacherechedza kuti mukadzi wacho akanga akatarisa mugadziri setsiru.
Kumashoko aya, Maria Angelica akapindura kuti: “Zvinotyisa sei,” nokuti munhu wose aimuona somusikana akanaka zvikuru munharaunda yacho. Apo Gauguin akapedza basa ndokuriratidza kuna Maria, akakanda mufananidzo wacho pachiso chake.