La transpersonal psychology anofarira" nyika dzisiri dzenguva dzose Kuziva: kufara, kunzwa kwekubatana neUniverse, kunyatsoziva kwemukati memunhu, mysticism, etc. Kunyange zvazvo vachiwanzoonekwa nekufungira, nyika idzi dzingadai dzisina hutano chete, asi dzinomiririra kuitika kwe zvinodiwa zvepamusoro zvemunhu. Sezvinoratidzwa nezita racho, the tranny-zvinetsekera pachezvako izvo zviripo kunze kwehunhu, mamiriro ayo uye nyika yayo diki.

Sekuita, iyi psychology ine chinangwa chayo ” kuzadzisa zvizere ” yemunhu. Izvo zvine chekuita, semuenzaniso, nekuvhiringidza kunobva mukuvharirwa kweanofungidzirwa kuti "asina muganho" kugona kwekuziva mune mashoma zvimiro zveego - sezvinogona kuratidzwa munguva dzematambudziko aripo kana izvo zvinonzi matambudziko. yekubuda pamweya.

Le transpersonal movement inodarika chimiro chepfungwa yemunhu kubata ese mativi echiitwa chevanhu anogona kufemerwa neinoyera pfungwa yenyika: hupfumi, ecology, huzivi, nezvimwe.

Dunhu re transpersonal psychology hachisi "chigadzirwa" chemazuva ano sezvo chakaongororwa zvakanyanya netsika dzekumabvazuva nedzeshamanic. Vazivi vakawanda veGirisi yekare vaiifarirawo. Kubva pamaonero emazuva ano ekuMadokero, vanofunga zvikuru uye vaongorori vezana ramakore rechi XNUMX^e zana remakore, saCarl Jung, Emmanuel Mounier¹ uye Roberto Assagioli² (muvambi we psychosynthesis), anoumba mareferensi akakosha. Asi pane zvimwe zviitiko chaizvo zvema1960 zvakasarudza kubuda kwayo. Kutanga, weAmerican humanist psychologist Abraham Maslow (1908-1970) akatanga mukurumbira wake. piramidhi yezvido zvevanhu.³

Ikozvino yava kuzivikanwa pasi rose, inopa zvinodikanwa zvakajairwa kuvanhu vese mukufambira mberi kwehutungamiriri pamazinga e5, yepamusoro-soro iri ” madambu “Kana kuti” kuzvikudza “. Chiyero ichi chine chekuita neshuviro yekusimbisa hunyanzvi hwako nematarenda, "kukura", kukudziridza kugona kwemunhu (nokudaro mazwi azvino e "kukura kwako" uye "kufamba kwekugona kwevanhu").

Maslow akazonatsa iyi nhanho yekupedzisira kuti ibatanidze pfungwa dze ” kudarika "Kana" kudarika “. Vanofunga vakati wandei vakabva vaona zvakakodzera kugadzira 6^e patsanura mwero kumusoro kwepiramidhi^4-5 . Iyi nhanho inotsanangurwa nechishuwo chekurarama zviitiko zvekubatana neCosmos uye rudo rusina magumo kune Humanity.

Muna 1969, Abraham Maslow akamuwana Nyaya yeTranspersonal Psychology, apo Sangano reTranspersonal Psychology rakagadzirirwa, 2 makore gare gare, mushure mekufa kwake (ona Sites of interest). Basa remubatanidzwa uyu raive, uye richiripo, rekupa nzvimbo yekutsinhana nevatsvaguri nevarapi vesangano retranspersonal, pamwe nekusimudzira chiono che.muchadenga sechinhu chinoyera.

Uyezve, panguva iyo Maslow aiita tsvakiridzo yake, "imwe nzvimbo yedzidzo" yakavhurwa pamhenderekedzo yeCalifornia. Esalen, iyo yaizova "Mecca" yekuongorora kwevanhu. Mazana emasayendisiti, maartist uye masters emweya akagara ipapo pane imwe nguva kana imwe. Takaita maworkshops pamusoro pemaitiro matsva ekurapa uye marudzi ese ekuferefeta kwemweya, kunyanya nezvemweya wekumabvazuva. Mazhinji maitiro e psychospiritual amuka kubva kune izvi eclectic kusangana.

Kana iri kufungisisa pamusoro pekufamba, yakateverwa kunyanya naCharles Tart, purofesa wepfungwa paYunivhesiti yeCalifornia kuDavis; naStanislav Grof, chiremba wepfungwa uye co-musiki we holotropic kufema; naRoger Walsh, purofesa wezvirwere zvepfungwa; uye naKen Wilber, muzivi we erudite uyo zvechokwadi ari muongorori wayo mukuru.

Inofanirawo kutaurwa kuti, kutsvaga kuongorora zvakasiyana-siyana zviratidzo zvekuziva, sangano re transpersonal raifarira zvikuru zviitiko zveparanormal: zvipupuriro zvevanhu vanotenda kuti vakapambwa nevekunze kwenyika, zvakaitika pedyo nekufa, premonition, telepathy, shamanic maitiro, nezvimwewo.

La transpersonal psychology haisi nyaya dzomunhu oga chete. Iyo haina kutamba zvakanyanya munharaunda ye ego, asi apo iyo ego inopera uye inosiya nzvimbo yayo inotonga. Kana, mune classical psychology, iyo Mienzaniso vakabudirira, vanokurudzirwa, vanobudirira varume nevakadzi, vakanyatsobatanidzwa munharaunda, avo ve transpersonal vatsvene, vachenjeri uye magamba evanhu. Izvi hazvirevi kuti nzira iyi inoramba kukosha kwehutano hwakanaka, pane zvinopesana: inobva kune yakasimba uye yakaenzana nheyo iyo munhu anogona kusvika kune mamwe maitiro.

Selon Ken Wilber⁶, "Kuvhurwa kwekuziva" kwakajairika uye kwakasikwa: yekutanga muvana, kuziva kunokura zvishoma nezvishoma, kunopfuura nepadanho rekuzivikanwa neiyo ego, zvino inofanira kukwanisa kuvhurira kuzvisikwa zvese, sekutsanangurwa kwazvakaitwa naCarl Jung mubhuku rake. mabhuku. Muchikamu chayo chekupedzisira chebudiriro, kuziva kwakafanana nekumuka kana kuvhenekerwa kunotaurwa nezvako tsika dzakawanda dzisinganzwisisike.

Iyo transpersonal haisi nzira, ndeye dhizaini yemunhu uye nenyika yakaipoteredza. Psychotherapists vanogovana maonero aya vanogona kutora maitiro echinyakare uye vanongobvumira chiyero chemweya kuti chitore nzvimbo yainokodzera mukukura kwevanhu. Asi, kazhinji, basa remunhu rinosanganisira kukonzera muvanhu dzisiri dzenguva dzose dzekuziva (Maslow akavadaidza peak experiences kana zviitiko zveparoxysmal). Zviitiko izvi zvakaitirwa kuputsa miganhu yepfungwa kana yemanzwiro uye kupa mukana wekuziva kukuru kwechokwadi.

Matanho akati wandei anoshandiswa pachinangwa ichi, mazhinji acho anokweretwa kubva kana kuchinjirwa kubva kutsika dzemweya dzekumabvazuva kana dzeshamanic: dzakasiyana siyana dzekufungisisa, hypnosis, matambiro anoyera, dikita lodges (ziya ziya lodge), kuda kwekuona, kudzoreredza muhupenyu hwekare, zviroto, zviroto zvakajeka, kufema uye masimba masimba kubva kuyoga kana Qi Gong, shanda nemitambo, holotropic kufema, art therapy, yekugadzira kuona, sophrology, kuzvarwa patsva, nezvimwe.

Most izvi hwokugadzira ndivo simba uye inofanira kudzidzira munzvimbo yakakwana uye yakachengeteka. Iyo psychotherapist inofanirwa kukwanisa kubatsira munhu kuti atore zviitiko zvake uye nekuzvibatanidza. Saka tinofanira kunyatsosarudza murapi watinoda kutanga naye murwendo rwakadai.

Rangarira, zvisinei, izvozvo zviitiko zvakapfuura zvinogona kungoitika zvoga nokuda kwezvinoitika zvomusikirwo, zvakadai sokuva pamberi penyika kana kuti basa rounyanzvi hworunako rukuru, kuona kuberekwa kwomwana kana kuti rufu rwomudiwa . Pamusoro pezvo, kutamba, kuimba, mitambo, sainzi, ushingi uye kuzvipira zvakare nzira dzekuwana ruzivo rwemhando iyi.

Kunyangwe iine vanoverengeka vakakosha vaongorori nevanyori, iyo transpersonal psychology inoramba iri pamucheto. Izvo hazvidzidziswe muyunivhesiti psychology hunyanzvi uye mirairo yehunyanzvi yenyanzvi dzepfungwa haawanzo ziva maitiro ane chekuita nazvo. Zvinofanira kutaurwa kuti, mune "yepamutemo" psychology, pane yatovepo iripo / yehumanist dzidziso inovavarira kuzviita iwe pachako, asi pasina basa rakanangana nekutsvaga kwekupfuura.

Transpersonal psychology yakanangwa zvakanyanya kuvanhu:

• vanoda kuongorora uye kusimbisa yavo zvishuvo zvakadzama;
• en huripo dambudziko kana kuti vanogara a shanduko huru (kurega basa, kurambana, maitiro matsva, rufu rwemudiwa, nezvimwewo);
• mukugadzirisa kupora;
• mukugadzirisa kana mumatambudziko emweya;
• kutambura ne kujairira (doro, zvinodhaka, ukama). Kune transpersonal mafambiro, kupindwa muropa kunogona kuve "kunatswa kuratidzwa" kwenyota yekubatana ne "yemukati sosi".

• Transpersonal psychology matekiniki ega haagone kuve mhinduro yakakwana kune vanhu vanogara mairi kushungurudzika kwakanyanya mupfungwa. Kuzvipfuudza kunenge kuri kudiwa, asi chinhu chinodiwa icho, maererano nevanyori vesangano iri, chinogona kugutsikana chete kana avo vemamwe mazinga vari, zvishoma.
• Ndichiri kukurudzira kukunda, transpersonal psychology inokurudzira Prudence uye kuziva miganhu zvakanangana nehunhu hwedu. Zvinotidzidzisawo kuti kuwana hukama nechadenga, munhu wenyama watiri anofanira kutanga asangana naye.

Psychotherapists kana varapi vane maitiro anoremekedza maonero ezvemunhu haafanire kushandisa izwi iri uye kazhinji havazviratidzi ivo pachavo pasi peichi chinyorwa. Vanogona kazhinji kuwanikwa muzviitiko zvakarongeka, senge dzidziso yekuzvarwa patsva kana mishumo yekuona, kana kubata imwe yemasangano akataurwa muSaiti dzeKufarira.

Iyo Institute of Transpersonal Psychology muPalo Alto, California ndiyo nzvimbo yekutanga yekudzidziswa kwevanhu. Ichi Chikoro che psychology yanga ichipa chirongwa chakakwana kubvira 1975 kusanganisira yechinyakare uye isiri yechinyakare theoretical modhi. Nzvimbo iyi inopawo zvirongwa zvedzidzo kure.

MuQuebec, the Quebec Transpersonal Psychology Center yakavambwa mu1985 inopa kudzidziswa kwemaawa mazana matanhatu (mwedzi gumi nemasere) kusanganisira inoshanda internship muCalifornia.

The Association française du transpersonnel muParis inzvimbo yekusangana yeavo vanobata zvakasiyana-siyana zvekuzvarwa patsva pamweya nemuviri. Inosanganisirawo Institute of Transpersonal Psychology iyo inopa mashopu akasiyana.

Ruzivo rwekufambidzana runogona kuwanikwa muSaiti dzeKufarira.

Descamps Marc-Alain.

Munyori wemabhuku akati wandei nezvenyaya iyi, kusanganisira aya mazita maviri: The transpersonal vision (mukubatana), Éditions Dervy, France, 1995 uye Chikamu chemweya mune psychotherapy (mukubatana), Éditions Somatothérapies, France, 1997.

Count Christina. Nyota yehupenyu - Kuwana zvinoreva mumoyo wekupindwa muropa, Souffle d'or, France, 1994.

Munyori ndiye mugadziri pamwe chete, naStanislas Grof, weiyo holotropic kufema nzira.

Grof Stanislas. Transpersonal psychology, ndakaverenga, France, 2009.

Grof Stanislas. Kune psychology yeramangwana - Psychic shanduko uye rugare rwemukati, Zvinyorwa Du Rocher, France, 2002.

Chiremba wepfungwa, Grof inyanzvi mune dzakashandurwa mamiriro ekuziva.

Pelletier Pierre. Transpersonal Therapies, Editions Fides, Canada, 1996.

Nyanzvi yezvidzidzo zvebhaibheri, muzivi uye psychoanalyst, munyori anotsanangura zvakajeka hwaro hwepfungwa yekufunga kwemunhu.

Walsh Roger.

Chiremba uyu, purofesa wepfungwa uye uzivi, mufungi akakosha wekufamba kwetranspersonal. In Nzira dzekumuka (Le jour, mupepeti, Canada, 2000, dudziro na Hunokosha Pakunamata), inosimbisa chinangwa chakafanana chezvemweya zvenyika pamwe nedzidziso nomwe dzinotungamira pakuziva hutsvene nehunhu hwehumwari hwehunhu hwedu hwemukati neyenyika yakatipoteredza. Onawo Beyond the Ego - Iyo Yekutanga Ongororo muPsychology transpersonal (mukubatana naFrances Vaughan), La Table Ronde, France, 1984.

Wilber Ken.

Nyanzvi yepfungwa, muzivi uye mudzidzi, Wilber akaburitsa mabhuku makumi maviri muChirungu, matatu acho akashandurirwa muchiFrench: Iyo holographic paradigm (Iyo Holographic Paradigm), Le jour, muparidzi, Canada, 1984; Meso matatu ezivo (Ziso kune Ziso), Éditions Du Rocher, Monaco, 1987; uye Nhoroondo pfupi yezvose (Nhoroondo Pfupi Yezvese), Éditions De Mortagne, Canada, 1997. Anonzi akabudirira zviri nani kupfuura munhu upi noupi mukuzarura psychology yokuMadokero kumirangariro yakadzama youchenjeri hwavatenzi vakuru.

Sangano reTranspersonal Psychology

Yakavambwa muna 1972, ndiyo yekutanga chimiro chesangano. Mharidzo pfupi uye chaiyoiyo yezvitendwa zve transpersonal. Anoburitsa The Journal of Transpersonal Psychology.

www.atpweb.org

French transpersonnel association

Main bridgehead of the movement munyika inotaura chiFrench muEurope. Zvinyorwa zvakati wandei uye mareferensi.

www.europsy.org

Quebec Transpersonal Psychology Center

Yakavambwa muna 1985, muzinda uyu unopa munhu-pane-mumwe kuraira, mapoka emusangano uye kudzidziswa. Kune zvakare akati wandei pfungwa nezve transpersonal nzira.

www.psychologietranspersonnelle.com

Institute of Transpersonal Psychology, Palo Alto, California

The Institute, iyo yakavambwa muna 1975, ichiri kushanda zvakanyanya mune yepamutemo uye inoenderera mberi dzidzo. Kuti tirambe tichiziva zviri kuitika musangano.

www.itp.edu

Quebec Society of Professional Psychotherapists

Ikoko hakuna kushamwaridzana kwevashanduri muQuebec, asi vamwe vashandi vesangano iri vanogona kusvikwa kuburikidza nemurevereri wesosaiti ye psychotherapists (type transpersonal mujini yekutsvaga).

www.sqpp.org