Mukati
Kushandiswa kwemanozzles anokosha (bits) mubasa regungano kwaiva pane imwe nguva nekuda kwekukurumidza kukundikana kwemazano ezvakajairwa screwdriver panguva yekushandiswa kwavo kwehunyanzvi. Panyaya iyi, mabheti anogona kutsiviwa, akagadzirwa muhafu yekutanga yezana remakore rechi20, akazova anobatsira uye ari nyore.
Pakusimbisa mazana emazana ekuzviputira screws ane screwdriver ane muromo, vakatanga kushandura kwete screwdriver, asi chete nozzle yayo, iyo yakachipa zvakanyanya. Mukuwedzera, pakushanda nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzezvigadziro kamwechete, maturusi akawanda akasiyana aisadiwa. Pane kudaro, mune imwe screwdriver, zvakanga zvakakwana kuti uchinje muromo, iyo yakatora masekondi mashomanana chete.
Nekudaro, chikuru chekukurudzira kuseri kwekushandiswa kwemabits kwaive kugadzirwa kwemisoro yakasungirirwa. Chinonyanya kuzivikanwa chazvo chaiva muchinjikwa - PH uye PZ. Nekunyatsoongorora magadzirirwo avo, zvinogona kusimbiswa kuti iyo muromo wemuromo, yakatsikirirwa pakati peiyo screw musoro, haione akakosha epalateral masimba anoikanda kunze kwemusoro.
Zvinoenderana nehurongwa hwekuzvimiririra, mamwe marudzi ekusunga misoro anoshandiswa nhasi anovakwawo. Ivo vanokutendera iwe kumonyanisa zvinhu kwete chete nekumhanya kwakaderera, asiwo nekumhanya kwakakosha neaxial hombe.
Izvo chete zvakasarudzika ndeye S-mhando yakatwasuka mabhiti. Dzaive dzakagadzirirwa kare dzakagadzirwa nemaoko ekutanga-kucherwa screws. Bit alignment in slots hazviitike, saka, nekuwedzera kwekutenderera kumhanya kana kuderera kweaxial pressure, muromo unobuda kubva kumusoro unokwira.
Izvi zvakazara nekukuvadzwa kumberi kwechinhu chinogadziriswa. Naizvozvo, mumusangano wakagadzirwa wezvigadzirwa zvakakosha, kubatana nezvinhu zvine slot yakatwasuka hakushandiswe.
Kushandiswa kwaro kunogumira kune zvisinganyanyi kukosha fasteners ine yakaderera kumonyoroka kumhanya. Paunenge uchiunganidza zvigadzirwa nechombo chemuchina, chete iwo marudzi ezvigadziro anoshandiswa umo inovimbika kukwana kwenozzle kune fastener inovimbiswa.
Bit classification
Mabheti ekutsanya anogona kukamurwa zvichienderana nemaitiro akati wandei:
- rudzi rwekutsanya system;
- saizi yemusoro;
- bit rod urefu;
- rod material;
- metal coating;
- dhizaini (isina, kaviri);
- mukana wekukotama (zvakajairika uye torsion).
Chinonyanya kukosha ndechekupatsanurwa kwemabhiti mumhando dzemasisitimu ekusimbisa. Kune akawanda acho, akajairika achakurukurwa mundima shoma.
Anenge ese emhando system ane akati wandei akajairwa saizi, akasiyana muhukuru hwechishandiso chemusoro uye chinosimbisa slot chinowirirana nacho. Vanosarudzwa nenhamba. Zvidiki zvishoma zvinotanga kubva ku0 kana 1. Mazano emhando anoratidza madhayamita eshinda ezvisungo izvo bhiti riri pasi peimwe nhamba inotarirwa. Saka, iyo PH2 bhiti inogona kushandiswa nemafasteners ane dhayamita yakarukwa ye3,1 kusvika 5,0 mm, PH1 inoshandiswa pakuzvirovera screws ine dhayamita ye2,1–3,0, nezvimwe.
Kuti zvive nyore kushandisa, mabheti anowanikwa nehurefu hwakasiyana-siyana - kubva pa25 mm kusvika ku150 mm. Iyo inoruma yehurefu inosvika kune inotsvedza munzvimbo idzo umo ine simba rayo rakawanda risingakwanise kupinda.
Zvishandiso uye kupfeka
Iyo alloy zvinhu iyo bhiti inogadzirwa ivimbiso yekugara kwayo kana, zvakasiyana, kupfava kwechimiro, umo, kana masimba akataurwa akapfuudzwa, haisi iyo fastener inoputsika, asi chidimbu. Mune mamwe majoini akakosha, chiyero chakadaro chesimba chinodiwa.
Nekudaro, muhuwandu hwakawanda hwezvishandiso, mushandisi anofarira muhuwandu hunogoneka hweiyo fastener twists nechidimbu chimwe. Kuti uwane mabheti akasimba asingatyoke nekuda kwe brittleness yealloy, usakanganise panzvimbo dzakaremerwa dzekubata, akasiyana alloys uye simbi anoshandiswa. Izvi zvinosanganisira:
- high-speed carbon steels kubva kuR7 kusvika kuR12;
- mudziyo simbi S2;
- chrome vanadium alloys;
- alloy ye tungsten ne molybdenum;
- alloy yechromium ine molybdenum nevamwe.
Basa rakakosha pakusimbisa masimba ezvimedu zvebits anotambwa neakakosha coatings. Nokudaro, chidimbu chechromium-vanadium alloy chinodzivirira chigadziro kubva pakuora, uye kuiswa kwechikamu chetitanium nitride kunowedzera kuoma kwayo uye kupfeka kusagadzikana. Diamond coating (tungsten-diamond-carbon), tungsten-nickel uye vamwe vane zvinhu zvakafanana.
Iyo titanium nitride layer pabhiti inoonekwa zviri nyore neruvara rwayo rwegoridhe, iro dhaimondi nehunhu hwekupenya kwepamuromo wekuruma. Izvo zvakanyanya kuoma kuwana mhando yesimbi kana alloy yebits, mugadziri kazhinji haapi kana kutovanza ruzivo urwu mune zvekutengesa. Chete mune zvimwe zviitiko, giredhi resimbi (S2, semuenzaniso) rinogona kushandiswa kune imwe yezviso.
Dhizaini sarudzo
Nekugadzira, bhiti rinogona kunge rimwechete (kuruma kune rumwe rutivi, hexagonal shank kune rimwe) kana kaviri (kuruma kuviri kumigumo). Rudzi rwekupedzisira rune hupenyu hwesevhisi kaviri (zvose zvinoruma zvakafanana) kana nyore kushandisa (kuruma kunosiyana muhukuru kana mhando). Izvo chete zvisingabatsiri zvemhando iyi yebhiti kusakwanisa kuiisa mubhurocha screwdriver.
Bits inogona kugadzirwa mune yakajairwa uye torsion shanduro. Muchigadziro chekupedzisira, iyo muromo pachayo uye shank yakabatanidzwa nechitubu chakasimba chekuisa. Iyo, ichishanda pakumonyoroka, inotumira torque uye inobvumidza iwe kukotamisa bhiti, izvo zvinowedzera mukana wekuwana nzvimbo dzisingaite. Chitubu chinotorawo imwe simba rekuita, kudzivirira chidimbu kubva pakutyora splines.
Torsion mabhiti anoshandiswa neanokanganisa madhiraivha umo simba rekuita rinoiswa tangentially kune screwing denderedzwa. Mabhiti emhando iyi anodhura kupfuura mabheti akajairwa, anogara kwenguva refu, anobvumidza iwe kumonyanisa marefu mabhatani kuita zvinhu zvakakora izvo zvakajairwa mabheti haagone kurarama nazvo.
Kuti zvive nyore kushandisa, mabhiti anogadzirwa muhurefu hwakasiyana. Imwe neimwe inotevera saizi huru (25 mm) ndeye 20-30 mm kureba kupfuura yapfuura - uye zvichingodaro kusvika 150 mm.
Chinonyanya kukosha hunhu hwebhiti ndeyenguva yekushanda. Kazhinji inotaridzwa muhuwandu hwemafasteners screwed chimbo chisati chakundikana. Iyo deformation yerumborera inozviratidza mune zvishoma nezvishoma "kunanzva kubva" kwembabvu mukuita kwekutsvedza kwechidimbu kubva pane slot. Panyaya iyi, mabheti anopokana ndeaya asiri pasi pekuedza kunoakanda kunze kwe slot.
Pakati peanonyanya kushandiswa, anosanganisira H, Torx masisitimu uye magadzirirwo awo. Panyaya yekubatana kwakasimba pakati pebits uye fasteners, kune mamwe akawanda masisitimu, anosanganisira anti-vandal, asi kugovera kwavo kunogumira kune akati wandei zvikonzero zvehunyanzvi.
Mhando huru dzebhiti dzinoshandiswa
Huwandu hwemhando dzemabhiti, kusanganisira ayo akave asingachashandi nekuda kwekushomeka kwehunyanzvi hwekuita, inofungidzirwa kune akati wandei. Nhasi, anotevera marudzi escrewdriver bits ane yakakura chiyero chekushandisa mufastener tekinoroji:
- PH (Phillips) - cruciform;
- PZ (Pozidriv) - cruciform;
- Hex (inoratidzwa nebhii H) - hexagonal;
- Torx (inoratidzwa nemavara T kana TX) - muchimiro chenyeredzi inonongedza matanhatu.
PH nozzles
Iyo PH Phillips Blade, yakaunzwa mushure me1937, yaive yekutanga yekuzvimisira chishandiso chekutyaira screw-treaded fasteners. Musiyano wehunhu kubva kune flat sting waive wekuti muchinjiko wePH hauna kutsvedza kunze kweslot kunyangwe nekukurumidza kutenderera kwechishandiso. Chokwadi, izvi zvaida simba reaxial (kudzvanya bhiti richipesana nechisungo), asi kusununguka kwekushandisa kwakawedzera zvakanyanya kana zvichienzaniswa ne flat slots.
Kurovera kwaidiwawo mune akafuratira-slotted screws, asi pakusimbisa iyo PH bit, zvanga zvisina basa kuisa kutarisisa uye kuedza kudzikamisa mukana wekuti chipimo chitsvedze kubva pane slot. Iko kumhanyisa kumhanya (kubereka) kwakawedzera zvakanyanya kunyangwe uchishanda nebhunu screwdriver. Kushandiswa kweratchet mechanism, uyezve pneumatic uye magetsi screwdrivers, kazhinji yakaderedza kuwanda kwekushanda kwekushanda kwegungano kakati wandei, izvo zvakapa mari yakakosha yekuchengetedza mune chero mhando yekugadzira.
Iyo PH sting ine mablades mana, inonyura mukukora kusvika kumagumo kwebhiti. Vanotorawo zvikamu zvekubatanidza zvefastener uye vanoisimbisa. Iyo sisitimu inotumidzwa zita reinjiniya akaishandisa mufastener tekinoroji (Phillips).
PH bits inowanikwa muhukuru shanu - PH 0, 1, 2, 3 uye 4. Shaft kureba - kubva pa25 (basic) kusvika ku150 mm.
Nozzles PZ
Anenge makore 30 gare gare (muna 1966) iyo PZ yekutsanya system (Pozidriv) yakagadzirwa. Yakagadzirwa nePhilips Screw Company. Chimiro chePZ sting is cruciform, senge yePH, zvisinei, marudzi ese ari maviri ane misiyano yakakomba zvekuti haibvumire bat yeimwe system kuti isimbise zvisungo zveimwe. Iko kona yekurodza kumagumo kwebhiti yakasiyana - muPZ inopinza (50 º versus 55 º). Iwo mablades ePZ haaite seaya ePH, asi anoramba akaenzana mukukora mukati mehurefu hwawo hwese. Yakanga iri dhizaini iyi yakaderedza simba rekusundidzira muromo kunze kweiyo slot pane yakakwira mitoro (yakanyanya kumonyoroka kumhanya kana kwakakosha kutenderera kuramba). Kuchinja kwekugadzirwa kwebhiti kwakavandudza kusangana kwayo nemusoro wefastener, iyo yakawedzera hupenyu hwebasa rechombo.
Iyo PZ nozzle inosiyana nePH muchimiro - mikoto pamativi ese eblade yega yega, ichigadzira zvinhu zvakanongedza zvisipo paPH bit. Zvakare, kusiyanisa kubva kuPH, vagadziri vanoisa hunhu paPZ fasteners, inochinjirwa ne45º kure nemagetsi. Izvi zvinobvumira mushandisi kukurumidza kufamba pakusarudza chishandiso.
PZ bits inowanikwa mumatatu matatu PZ 1, 2 uye 3. Shaft kureba kunobva ku25 kusvika ku150 mm.
Kukurumbira kukuru kwePH nePZ masisitimu kunotsanangurwa nezvakanaka zvingangoitika zveotomatiki chishandiso chinomisikidza mu-in-line gungano mashandiro uye kudhura kwezvishandiso nezvisungo. Mune mamwe masisitimu, mabhenefiti aya ane mashoma akakosha ekusimudzira ehupfumi, saka haana kugamuchirwa zvakanyanya.
Nozzles Hex
Chimiro chetipi, chinotaridzwa nebhii H pakumaka, iprism ine hexagonal. Iyo sisitimu yakagadzirwa kumashure muna 1910, uye inonakidzwa nekubudirira zvisingaite nhasi. Saka, simbi dzekusimbisa dzinoshandiswa muindasitiri yefenicha dzakamonyoroka neH 4 mm bits. Ichi chishandiso chinokwanisa kufambisa yakakosha torque. Nekuda kwekubatana kwakasimba neiyo fastener slot, ine hupenyu hurefu hwesevhisi. Iko hakuna kuedza kusundira zvishoma kubva pane slot. Nozzles H anowanikwa muhukuru kubva 1,5 mm kusvika 10 mm.
Torx bits
Torx bits yakashandiswa mune tekinoroji kubvira 1967. Vakatanga kuve nyanzvi nekambani yeAmerica Textron. Kuruma iprism ine hwaro muchimiro chenyeredzi ine nhanhatu. Iyo sisitimu inoratidzirwa nekubatana kwepedyo kwechishandiso chine fasteners, kugona kuendesa yakakwira torque. Yakaparadzirwa zvakanyanya munyika dzeAmerica neEurope, maererano nekuzivikanwa, huwandu hwekushandisa huri pedyo nePH uye PZ masisitimu. Iyo yemazuva ano yeTorx system ndeye "asterisk" yechimiro chimwe chete, inowedzerwa negomba muaxial centre. Mafasteners ayo ane inowirirana cylindrical protrusion. Pamusoro pekubatana kwakasimba pakati peiyo bhiti uye screw musoro, dhizaini iyi zvakare ine anti-vandal pfuma, isingasanganisire isina kutenderwa kusunungura kwekubatanidza.
Mamwe marudzi e nozzles
Pamusoro peanozivikanwa nozzle masisitimu anotsanangurwa, kune mashoma anozivikanwa uye asingawanzo shandiswa marudzi emabhiti escrewdriver. Bits inowira muchikamu chavo:
- pasi peiyo yakatwasuka slot yerudzi S (yakatemerwa - yakatsvetwa);
- hexagon type Hex ine buri pakati;
- square prism mhando Robertson;
- forogo yerudzi rweSP ("forogo", "ziso renyoka");
- matatu-blade mhando Tri-Wing;
- mana-bladed mhando Torg Set;
- Uye vamwe.
Makambani anovandudza masisitimu avo akasiyana-siyana ekudzivirira vasiri nyanzvi kuti vasvike mumakamuri emidziyo uye kudzivirira kubva kune vanopaza zvinhu.
Zvishoma zvinokurudzira
Chiremwaremwa chakanaka chinogona kuita mamwe maastener ekusimbisa maoparesheni kupfuura chiremwaremwa chakareruka. Kuti usarudze chishandiso chaunoda, unofanirwa kubata kambani yekutengesa ine vashandi vaunovimba nayo uye uwane kurudziro inodiwa. Kana izvi zvisingaite, sarudza mabhiti kubva kune vanozivikanwa vanogadzira - Bosch, Makita, DeWALT, Milwaukee.
Nyatsoteerera kuvapo kwekuomesera kwekuputira titanium nitride, uye, kana zvichibvira, kune zvinhu zvechigadzirwa. Nzira yakanakisa yekusarudza ndeyekuyedza imwe kana maviri chidimbu chemidziyo mubhizinesi rako. Saka iwe hausi kungosimbisa kunaka kwechigadzirwa iwe pachako, asiwo unokwanisa kupa mazano kune shamwari dzako. Zvichida iwe uchamira pane isingadhuri sarudzo ine hupfumi hwakajeka kana hunyanzvi zvakanakira pane yekutanga yemakambani ane mukurumbira.