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Chii chinonzi prenatal diagnosis?
Vese vakadzi vane nhumbu vanogona kuwana prenatal screening (iyo matatu maultrasound + yechipiri trimester yeropa bvunzo). Kana kuvhenekwa kuchiratidza kuti pane njodzi yekusaumbwa zvakanaka kana kusagadzikana kumwana, kumwe kutsvakurudza kunoitwa kuburikidza nekuita ongororo yepamberi. Inobvumira kuona kana kusabvisa humwe huvepo hwe fetal anomaly kana chirwere. Zvichienderana nemigumisiro, kufungidzira kunorongwa izvo zvinogona kutungamirira pakubviswa kwechiremba pamuviri kana kuvhiyiwa pamwana pakuberekwa.
Ndiani anogona kubatsirwa neprenatal diagnosis?
Madzimai ese ari panjodzi yekuzvara mwana ane hurema.
Muchiitiko ichi, vanotanga kupiwa kubvunzurudzwa kwechiremba kune genetic counseling. Munguva yebvunzurudzo iyi, tinotsanangurira vabereki venguva yemberi njodzi dzekuongororwa kwekuongorora uye kukanganisa kwekusagadzikana kwehupenyu hwemwana.
Prenatal diagnostic: ndedzipi njodzi?
Kune nzira dzakasiyana-siyana, dzinosanganisira nzira dzisiri dzekudzivirira (pasina njodzi kuna amai uye fetus dzakadai se ultrasound) uye nzira dzekudzivirira (amniocentesis, somuenzaniso). Izvi zvinogona kukonzera zvisungo kana kutotapukirwa nekudaro hazvisi zvidiki. Zvinowanzoitwa chete kana pane zviratidzo zvakasimba zvekukuvadza kwe fetus.
Ko prenatal diagnosis inodzorerwa here?
Iyo DPN inodzoserwa kana ichinge yarairwa. Saka, kana iwe uine makore makumi maviri nemashanu uye iwe uchida kuita amniocentesis nekuda kwekutya kubereka mwana ane Down's syndrome, haungakwanisi kutora kubhadharwa kwe amniocentesis, semuenzaniso.
Prenatal diagnosis yekukanganiswa kwemuviri
Ultrasound. Pamusoro pezvitatu zvekuongorora ma ultrasounds, kune anonzi "referensi" anopinza ma ultrasounds anoita kuti zvikwanise kutarisa kuvepo kweiyo morphological abnormalities: nhengo, cardiac kana renal malformations. 60% yekubviswa kwekurapa kwepamuviri kunosarudzwa zvichitevera kuongororwa uku.
Prenatal diagnosis ye genetic abnormalities
Amniocentesis. Inoitwa pakati pevhiki rechigumi nemashanu neregumi nepfumbamwe repamuviri, amniocentesis inobvumira amniotic fluid kuti iunganidzwe netsono yakanaka, pasi pekutonga kwe ultrasound. Isu tinogona nekudaro kutarisa chromosomal abnormalities asiwo nhaka yekugara. Iko kuongorora kwehunyanzvi uye njodzi yekubvisa nhumbu netsaona inosvika 15%. Yakachengeterwa vakadzi vanopfuura makore makumi matatu nemasere kana vane nhumbu inoonekwa panjodzi (nhoroondo yemhuri, kunetseka kuongorora, semuenzaniso). Ndiyo nzira inonyanya kushandiswa yekuongorora: 19% yevakadzi muFrance vanoishandisa.
Iyo biopsy ye trophoblast. Imwe chubhu yakaonda inopinzwa kuburikidza nemuromo wechibereko kune iyo chorionic villi yetrophoblast (iyo ramangwana placenta) iripo. Izvi zvinopa mukana kune DNA yemwana kuona zvinogona kuitika zvechromosomal abnormalities. Muedzo uyu unoitwa pakati pevhiki regumi negumi nerimwe renhumbu uye njodzi yekubva pamuviri iri pakati pe10 ne11%.
Kuongororwa ropa raamai. Uku kutsvaga masero e "fetus" ari muhuwandu hudiki muropa raamai vachave. Nemaseru aya, tinogona kugadzira "karyotype" (genetic mepu) yemwana kuti aone chromosomal abnormality. Iyi nzira, ichiri kuyedza, mune ramangwana inogona kutsiva amniocentesis nekuti haina njodzi kune fetus.
Cordocentesis. Izvi zvinosanganisira kutora ropa kubva mutsinga yemuguvhu yetambo. Kutenda kune cordocentesis, nhamba yezvirwere zvinoonekwa, kunyanya yeganda, hemoglobin, rubella kana toxoplasmosis. Uyu muenzaniso unoitika kubva pavhiki ye21 yekuzvitakura. Zvisinei, pane ngozi huru yekurasikirwa kwe fetal uye vanachiremba vanowanzoita amniocentesis.