Hukama hwedu nemuviri hwakadii? Tinganzwisisa zviratidzo zvayo here? Muviri haunyepi here? Uye pakupedzisira, sei kuita shamwari naye? Murapi weGestalt anopindura.
Psychology: Tinotonzwa muviri wedu sechikamu chedu pachedu here? Kana kuti tinonzwa muviri wakaparadzana, uye hunhu hwedu hwakaparadzana?
Marina Baskakova: Kune rumwe rutivi, munhu mumwe nomumwe, kazhinji, ane hukama hwake ega nemuviri. Kune rumwe rutivi, pane zvechokwadi imwe tsika yemagariro umo isu tine hukama nemuviri wedu. Iye zvino marudzi ese emaitiro anotsigira kutarisisa kumuviri, kune masaini ayo, uye kugona kwave kwakakurumbira. Vanobata navo vanozviona zvakasiyana zvishoma pane avo vari kure navo. Mutsika dzedu dzechiKristu, kunyanya yeOrthodox, mumvuri uyu wekuparadzanisa kuva mweya nemuviri, mweya nemuviri, pachedu nemuviri zvichiripo. Kubva pane izvi panobuda chinonzi chinhu chine hukama nemuviri. Ndiko kuti, imhando yechinhu chaunogona kuita neimwe nzira, kuivandudza, kushongedza, kuvaka mhasuru, zvichingodaro. Uye kuva nehanya uku kunotadzisa munhu kuzviona semuviri, ndiko kuti, semunhu akazara.
Kuperera uku ndekwechii?
Ngatifungei kuti chii. Sezvandakataura, muchiKristu, kunyanya Orthodox, tsika, muviri wakaparadzaniswa kwezviuru zvemakore. Kana tikatora mamiriro akatambanudzwa enzanga yevanhu kazhinji, saka mubvunzo waive wekuti: muviri ndiwo mutakuri wemunhu here kana kuti zvakasiyana? Ndiani anopfeka ndiani?
Zviri pachena kuti isu takaparadzaniswa panyama kubva kune vamwe vanhu, mumwe nemumwe wedu aripo mumuviri wake. Mupfungwa iyi, kuteerera muviri, kune zviratidzo zvayo, inotsigira pfuma yakadaro semunhu oga. Panguva imwecheteyo, tsika dzose, hongu, dzinotsigira humwe hukama hwevanhu: takabatana, tinonzwa chinhu chimwe chete, tine zvakawanda zvakafanana. Ichi chinhu chakakosha zvikuru chekuvapo. Chimwe chinhu chinogadzira kubatana pakati pevanhu verudzi rumwe, tsika imwe, nzanga imwe. Asi zvino mubvunzo unomuka wekuenzanisa pakati pemunhu oga uye hukama hwevanhu. Kana, semuenzaniso, yekutanga inotsigirwa zvakanyanya, zvino munhu anotendeukira kwaari uye zvaanoda, asi anotanga kudonha kubva mumagariro evanhu. Dzimwe nguva inosurukirwa, nekuti inova imwe nzira yekuvapo kwevamwe vazhinji. Izvi zvinogara zvichikonzera zvese shanje uye kushatirwa. Kuzvimiririra, kazhinji, iwe unofanirwa kubhadhara. Uye zvakasiyana, kana munhu achitaura kune inowanzogamuchirwa "isu", kune dzidziso dzose dziripo, tsika, zvino anochengetedza chido chakakosha chekuve. Ndiri weimwe tsika, imwe nharaunda, nemuviri ndinoonekwa semunhu. Asi ipapo kupokanidzana kunomuka pakati pomunhu wacho neanowanzogamuchirwa. Uye muhukama hwedu kupokana uku kunoratidzwa zvakajeka.
Zvinoda kuziva kuti maonero ehutano akasiyana sei munyika yedu uye, semuenzaniso, muFrance. Zvinogara zvichindishamisa ipapo apo mumwe munhu, auya kumusangano kana kuti kukambani yenyika, kamwe kamwe anobuda, achiti: “Ndichaenda kunoita wee-wee.” Vanoitora seyakajairika. Zvakaoma kufungidzira izvi munyika yedu, kunyange zvazvo chaizvoizvo hapana chakashata mune izvi. Sei tine tsika yakasiyana zvachose yekutaura pamusoro pezvinhu zviri nyore?
Ndinofunga kuti iyi ndiyo nzira iyo kupatsanurwa kuve mumweya uye mumuviri, kumusoro uye pasi, iyo inova hunhu hwetsika yedu, inozviratidza. Zvese zvine chekuita ne "wee-wee", mabasa echisikigo, zviri pazasi, muchikamu icho chakarambwa netsika. Izvo zvinoshandawo kune zvepabonde. Kunyangwe zvese zvinoita kunge zviri pamusoro pake kare. Asi sei? Asi, maererano nechinhu. Ndinoona kuti vakaroorana vanouya pareception vachiri kunetseka kutaurirana. Kunyangwe paine zvakawanda zvinogona kunzi kuita zvepabonde kwakatenderedza, hazvibatsiri vanhu vari muhukama hwepedyo, asi zvinovakanganisa. Zvava nyore kutaura nezvazvo, asi, pane zvinopesana, zvave zvakaoma kutaura nezvemamwe manzwiro, nezve nuances yavo. Kunyange zvakadaro, mukaha uyu unoramba uripo. Ingotendeuka. Uye muFrench kana, zvakanyanya, tsika dzechiCatholic, hapana kurambwa kwakasimba kwakadaro kwemuviri uye hukama.
Iwe unofunga kuti munhu wese anoona muviri wake zvakakwana here? Isu tinotofungidzira zviyero zvayo, zvimiro, zviyero?
Hazvibviri kutaura pamusoro pemunhu wese. Kuti uite izvi, unofanirwa kusangana nemunhu wese, kutaura uye kunzwisisa chimwe chinhu pamusoro pake. Ndinogona kukuudza nezve zvimwe zvezvinhu zvandinosangana nazvo. Zvakawanda zvinouya pakugamuchirwa kwevanhu vasina ruzivo rwakajeka ivo pachavo semunhu uye semunhu akaiswa mumuviri. Kune avo vane maonero asina kunaka ehukuru hwavo, asi ivo havazvione.
Semuyenzaniso, munhu mukuru, murume muhombe anoti “zvibato”, “makumbo” kwaari, anoshandisa mamwe manzwi ekudzikisira… Izvi zvingava kutaura nezvei? Pamusoro pekuti mune chimwe chikamu chake haasi pazera rimwe chete, kwete muhukuru hwaari. Chimwe chinhu muunhu hwake, muchiitiko chake chomunhu oga, chinonyanyobatana nehuduku. Izvi zvinowanzonzi infantilism. Vakadzi vane kumwe kukanganisa kwandinoonawo: vanoda kuve vadiki. Zvinogona kufungidzirwa kuti iyi ndeimwe rudzi rwekurambwa kwehukuru hwavo.
Nyanzvi dzepfungwa dzinotaura nezvekukosha kwekukwanisa kunzwa zviratidzo zvemuviri wako - zvinogona kuva kuneta, kurwadziwa, kupera, kutsamwa. Panguva imwecheteyo, muzvinyorwa zvakakurumbira, tinowanzopiwa decoding yezviratidzo izvi: musoro unoreva chimwe chinhu, uye kurwadziwa shure kunoreva chimwe chinhu. Asi zvinogona kududzirwa nenzira iyoyo chaizvoizvo here?
Pandinoverenga zvirevo zverudzi urwu, ndinoona chinhu chimwe chakakosha. Muviri unotaurwa nezvawo sokunge uri woga. Zviratidzo zvemuviri zviripi? Muviri unoratidza ani? Zviratidzo zvemuviri mumamiriro api? Kana tikataura nezve psychosomatics, mamwe masaini anoitirwa munhu iye pachake. Marwadzo, ndeaani? Kazhinji, ini. Kuti ndirege kuita zvinondirwadza. Uye munyaya iyi, marwadzo anova chikamu chinoremekedzwa zvikuru kwatiri. Kana iwe ukatora kuneta, kusagadzikana - ichi chiratidzo chinoreva chimwe chinoregeredzwa, chinowanzo furatirwa chikamu. Itsika yekuti tisaone kuneta. Dzimwe nguva chiratidzo chemarwadzo chinotarisirwa kumunhu ari muukama uyo anoitika kurwadziwa uku. Pazvinenge zvakaoma kuti titaure, zvakaoma kutaura manzwiro edu kana kuti hapana mhinduro kumashoko edu.
Ipapo zviratidzo zve psychosomatic zvatotaura kuti iwe unofanirwa kuzvibvisa kubva pane izvi, ita chimwe chinhu, pakupedzisira zvichenjerere iwe, rwara. Kurwara - ndiko kuti, buda mumamiriro ezvinhu anoshungurudza. Zvinoitika kuti imwe mamiriro ezvinhu anoshungurudza anotsiviwa neimwe, inonzwisisika. Uye unogona kurega kuzviomesera. Pandinorwara, ndinonzwa kunyara zvishoma kuti handigoni kurarama nechimwe chinhu. Pane kupokana kwemutemo kwakadai kunotsigira kuzviremekedza kwangu. Ndinotenda kuti zvirwere zvakawanda zvinobatsira munhu kuchinja zvishoma maitiro ake kwaari kuti ave nani.
Tinowanzonzwa mutsara wekuti "Muviri haurevi nhema." Unozvinzwisisa sei?
Oddly zvakakwana, mubvunzo unorema. Varapi vemuviri vanowanzoshandisa mutsara uyu. Anonzwika serunako, mukuona kwangu. Kune rumwe rutivi, ichi ichokwadi. Somuenzaniso, amai vomwana muduku vanokurumidza kuona kuti ari kurwara. Anoona kuti maziso ake asisaoni, raramo yapera. Muviri uri kuratidza shanduko. Asi nerumwe rutivi, kana tikarangarira magariro emunhu, ipapo hafu yehupenyu hwedu hwemuviri inosanganisira kureva nhema kune vamwe pamusoro pedu. Ndakagara ndakananga, kunyangwe ndichida kudonha, imwe mhando yemafungiro haina kunaka. Kana, somuenzaniso, ndinonyemwerera, asi chaizvoizvo ndakatsamwa.
Kune kunyange mirairo yemabatiro ekuita kuti upe hunhu hwemunhu ane chivimbo…
Kazhinji, tinorara nemiviri yedu kubva mangwanani kusvika manheru, uye isu pachedu. Somuenzaniso, patinofuratira kuneta, tinoita setinozviudza kuti: “Ndakasimba zvikuru kupfuura zvamuri kuedza kundiratidza.” Murapi wemuviri, semazvikokota, anogona kuverenga zviratidzo zvemuviri uye nekumisa basa rake pazviri. Asi muviri wose uyu uri kunyepa. Mamwe mamhasuru anotsigira mask inounzwa kune vamwe vanhu.
Ndedzipi nzira dzekunzwa zviri nani mumuviri wako, kuzviziva zviri nani, kuzvinzwisisa, kushamwaridzana nazvo zvakanyanya?
Kune mikana mikuru: kutamba, kuimba, kufamba, kushambira, kuita yoga nezvimwe. Asi pano basa rinokosha nderekuona zvandinoda nezvandisingadi. Zvidzidzise iwe kuziva iwo chaiwo masaini emuviri. Ndinofarira kana neimwe nzira ndinozvichengeta mukati megadziriro yechiito ichi. Kungofanana/kusafarira, kuda/kusada, kusada/asi ini ndichada. Nokuti vanhu vakuru vachiri kurarama mumamiriro ezvinhu aya. Uye zvinobatsira zvakanyanya kuti ungozviziva iwe pachako. Ita zvawanga uchida kuita. Wana nguva yeizvi. Mubvunzo mukuru wenguva hausi kuti haupo. Uye chokwadi chekuti isu hatizvisarudzire. Saka tora uye muhurongwa hwako kugovera nguva yekunakidzwa. Kune mumwe ari kufamba, mumwe ari kuimba, wechitatu akarara pamubhedha. Kuita nguva ndiro izwi rinokosha.
Kubvunzurudza kwakanyorerwa chirongwa chakabatana chemagazini yePsychology uye redhiyo "Culture" "Mamiriro: muhukama" muna Kubvumbi 2017.