Mazhinji emishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya inowanikwa pamusika nhasi inobva ku80s, iyo inonzi zera regoridhe remishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya. Parizvino tiri kusangana nekusaenzana kukuru pakati pekudiwa kwemishonga mitsva nekuwanikwa kwayo. Zvichakadaro, maererano neWHO, nguva yepost-antibiotic ichangotanga. Tinotaura naprof. dr hab. med. Waleria Hryniewicz.
- Gore rega rega, hutachiona nehutachiona hunopesana nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya hunokonzera approx. 700 zviuru. kufa kwepasi rose
- "Kushandisa zvisina kunaka uye zvakanyanya kushandiswa kwemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya kwaireva kuti chikamu chemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya yakawedzera zvishoma nezvishoma, ichitora hunhu kubva pakupera kwezana ramakore rapfuura" - anodaro Prof. Waleria Hryniewicz.
- Masayendisiti eSweden ebhakitiriya akakosha zvikuru muhutachiona hwevanhu, senge Pseudomonas aeruginosa uye Salmonella enterica, vachangobva kuwana iyo inonzi gar gene, iyo inosarudza kuramba kune imwe yeanorwisa mabhakitiriya - plasomycin.
- Maererano naProf. Hryniewicz muPoland ndiro dambudziko rakaipisisa mumunda wemishonga yehutachiona NewDelhi-mhando carbapenemase (NDM) pamwe neKPC uye OXA-48
Monika Zieleniewska, Medonet: Zvinoita sekunge tiri kumhanyisana nemabhakitiriya. Kune rimwe divi, tiri kuunza chizvarwa chitsva chemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya inogara yakawedzera kuwanda kwechiito, uye kune rimwe divi, hutachiona huzhinji huri kuramba huchipikisa kwavari ...
Prof. Waleria Hryniewicz: Nehurombo, nhangemutange iyi inohwinwa nemabhakitiriya, izvo zvinogona kureva kutanga kwenguva yemashure emishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya. Izwi iri rakatanga kushandiswa mugwaro re “Report on Antibiotic Resistance” rakaburitswa neWHO muna 2014. Gwaro iri rinosimbisa kuti zvino, kunyange utachiona hunyoro hunogona kuuraya uye haisi fungidziro yeapocalyptic, asi mufananidzo chaiwo.
MuEuropean Union chete, pakanga paine mabasa 2015 mumakumi matatu nenhatu. rufu rwakakonzerwa neutachiona hune utachiona husingaregi utachiona hwakasiyana-siyana hwaive husina mushonga unoshanda waivepo. MuPoland, nhamba yezviitiko zvakadaro yakafungidzirwa kunenge 33. Zvisinei, American Center for Infection Prevention and Control (CDC) muAtlanta yakashuma nguva pfupi yapfuura kuti. muUSA nekuda kwezvirwere zvakafanana mumaminitsi gumi nemashanu. murwere anofa. Maererano nefungidziro yevanyori veshumo yakagadzirwa neboka remukurumbira weBritish economist J. O'Neill, gore rega rega munyika hutachiona husingarapike nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya hunokonzera anenge. 700 zviuru. rufu.
- Verenga zvakare: Mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya inomira kushanda. Hakuzovi nemishonga ye superbugs munguva pfupi?
Masayendisiti anotsanangura sei dambudziko remishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya?
Pfuma yeboka iri remishonga yakaderedza kusvinurira kwedu. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, zvirwere zvinopikisa zvakaparadzaniswa nekuiswa kwemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya, asi chiitiko ichi pakutanga chakanga chiri chepamusoro. Asi zvaireva kuti utachiona hwaiziva kuzvidzivirira. Nekuda kwekusafanira uye kunyanyisa kushandiswa kwemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya, chikamu chemazana ekusagadzikana akawedzera zvishoma nezvishoma, achitora hunhu hwakafanana neavalanche kubva pakupera kwezana ramakore rapfuura.. Zvichakadaro, mishonga mitsva inorwisa mabhakitiriya yakatangwa pano neapo, saka pakanga paine kusaenzana kukuru pakati pezvaidiwa, kureva kudiwa kwemishonga mitsva, uye kuwanikwa kwayo. Kana danho rakakodzera rikasatorwa nekukasira, kufa kwepasirese kubva kumishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya kunogona kukwira kusvika pamamiriyoni mazana maviri nemakumi mashanu pagore negumi.
Nei kunyanyoshandiswa kwemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya kuchikuvadza?
Tinofanira kubata nenyaya iyi mune zvinenge zvitatu. Yekutanga yakanangana nekuita kwemushonga unorwisa mabhakitiriya pavanhu. Yeuka kuti chero mushonga unogona kukonzera migumisiro. Zvinogona kunge zvakapfava, semuenzaniso kusvotwa, kunzwa zvakanyanya, asi zvinogona zvakare kukonzera njodzi yehupenyu, senge anaphylactic shock, acute chiropa kukuvara kana matambudziko emoyo.
Uyezve, mushonga unorwisa mabhakitiriya unokanganisa maruva edu ebhakitiriya echisikigo, ayo, nekuchengetedza chiyero chebhayoloji, anodzivirira kuwanda kwakanyanya kwehutachiona hunokuvadza (semuenzaniso Clostridioides difficile, fungi), kusanganisira idzo dzinopesana nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya.
Chechitatu chakashata mhedzisiro yekutora mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya chizvarwa chekuramba pakati pezvinonzi zvakajairika, maruva ane hushamwari anogona kupfuudza kune mabhakitiriya anokwanisa kukonzera hutachiona hwakanyanya. Tinoziva kuti pneumococcal kuramba penicillin - inokosha causative agent yezvirwere zvevanhu - yakabva mumuromo streptococcus, iyo inowanikwa kwatiri tose pasina kutikuvadza. Kune rumwe rutivi, hutachiona nehutachiona hwepneumococcal hunokonzera dambudziko guru rekurapa uye epidemiological. Kune mienzaniso mizhinji ye interspecific transfer ye resistance gene, uye kana tikashandisa mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya yakawanda, ndipo panobva panyanya kuita basa iri.
- Uyewo verenga: Inowanzoshandiswa mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya inogona kukonzera matambudziko emwoyo
Mabhakitiriya anokura sei kuramba mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya inowanzoshandiswa, uye izvi zvinopa ngozi yakawanda sei kwatiri?
Nzira dzekurwisa mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya mumasikirwo dzakavapo kwemazana emakore, kunyange vasati vawana mushonga. Zvipembenene zvinogadzira mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya zvinofanira kuzvidzivirira pamigumisiro yazvo uye, kuitira kuti zvisazofa kubva pachigadzirwa chazvo, kupikisa majini. Uyezve, ivo vanokwanisa kushandisa maitiro ehupenyu aripo kurwisa mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya: kugadzira zvimiro zvitsva zvinogonesa kupona, uye zvakare kutanga dzimwe nzira dzebiochemical nzira kana mushonga wacho wakavharika.
Vanomisikidza nzira dzakasiyana dzekudzivirira, semuenzaniso kupomba mushonga unorwisa mabhakitiriya, kuumisa kupinda muchitokisi, kana kuumisa neakasiyana ekugadzirisa kana hydrolysing enzymes. Muenzaniso wakanakisa ndiwo akapararira kwazvo beta-lactamases hydrolyzing mapoka akakosha emishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya, senge penicillin, cephalosporins kana carbapenems.
Izvo zvakaratidzwa kuti chiyero chekubuda uye kupararira kwebhakitiriya rinopesana zvichienderana nehuwandu uye maitiro ekushandiswa kwemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya. Munyika dzine mitemo inorambidza mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya, kurwisa kunochengetwa kwakaderera. Iri boka rinosanganisira, semuenzaniso, nyika dzeScandinavia.
Shoko rokuti "superbugs" rinorevei?
Utachiona haugoni kubatwa nemishonga yemhando yekutanga kana yepiri, kureva iyo inoshanda uye yakachengetedzeka, kazhinji inoshingirira kumishonga yese iripo. Izwi iri pakutanga raishandiswa kune methicillin uye vancomycin insensitive multibiotic-resistant mhando dze staphylococcus aureus. Parizvino, inoshandiswa kurondedzera mhando dzemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzinoratidzira multi-antibiotic kuramba.
Uye maarm pathogens?
Maalarm pathogens ari superbugs, uye nhamba yavo iri kuramba ichiwedzera. Kudziona mumurwere kunofanirwa kuridza alarm uye kuita zvakanyanya kudzora matanho anodzivirira kupararira kwavo. Utachiona hunonyevera hunopa rimwe rematambudziko makuru ezvokurapa nhasiIzvi zvinokonzerwa nezvose zvakakosha zvisingakwanisi kurapwa uye kuwedzera kwedenda.
Yakavimbika microbiological diagnostics, inoshanda nemazvo zvikwata zvekudzivirira kutapukira uye masevhisi epidemiological anoita basa rakakura mukudzikamisa kupararira kwemhando idzi. Makore matatu apfuura, WHO, zvichibva paongororo yekurwisa mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya munyika dziri nhengo, yakakamura mhando dzemabhakitiriya asingamirire kuita mapoka matatu zvichienderana nekukasira kwekuunza mishonga mitsva inoshanda.
Iro boka rinokosha rinosanganisira matanda ematumbo, akadai seKlebsiella pneumoniae uye Escherichia coli, uye Acinetobacter baumannii uye Pseudomonas aeruginosa, iyo iri kuramba ichirwisana nemishonga yekupedzisira. Kune zvakare mycobacterium tuberculosis isingaite rifampicin. Mapoka maviri akatevera aisanganisira, pakati pevamwe multiresistant staphylococci, Helicobacter pylori, gonococci, pamwe neSalmonella spp. uye pneumococci.
Ruzivo rwacho mabhakitiriya anokonzera zvirwere kunze kwechipatara ari pachirongwa ichi. Kuramba kwemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya pakati pezvirwere izvi zvinogona kureva kuti varwere vane hutachiona vanofanirwa kuendeswa kunorapwa kuchipatara. Nekudaro, kunyangwe mumasangano ekurapa, sarudzo yekurapa inoshanda inogumira. Vanhu vekuAmerica vaisanganisira gonococci muboka rekutanga kwete chete nekuda kwekupikisa kwavo kwakawanda, asiwo nekuda kwenzira yavo inobudirira yekupararira. Saka tichange tichirapa gonorrhea muchipatara munguva pfupi iri kutevera here?
- Verenga zvakare: Zvirwere zvakakomba zvepabonde
Masayendisiti eSweden akawana mabhakitiriya muIndia ane jena rinorwisa mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya, inonzi gen gar. Chii uye tingashandisa sei ruzivo urwu?
Kuonekwa kwe gar gene kutsva kwakabatana nekuvandudzwa kwezvinonzi zvakatipoteredza metagenomics, kureva kuongorora kweDNA yose yakawanikwa kubva munzvimbo dzakasikwa, iyo inotibvumirawo kuziva ma microorganisms atisingakwanisi kukura mu laboratori. Kuwanikwa kweiyo gar gene kunokanganisa zvakanyanya nekuti inosarudza kuramba kune imwe yemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya - plazomycin - yakanyoreswa gore rapfuura.
Tarisiro huru yakaiswa pairi nekuti yainyanya kurwisa utachiona husingaite mishonga yechikuru muboka iri (gentamicin neamikacin). Imwe nhau yakashata ndeyekuti jena iri rinowanikwa pane mobile genetic element inonzi integron uye inogona kupararira yakachinjika, uye nekudaro zvakanyanya, pakati pemhando dzakasiyana dzebhakitiriya kunyangwe paine plasomycin.
Iyo gar gene yakaparadzaniswa kubva kune mabhakitiriya akakosha zvikuru muhutachiona hwevanhu, sePseudomonas aeruginosa uye Salmonella enterica. Tsvagiridzo muIndia ine chekuita nezvakaunganidzwa kubva pasi perwizi kwairasirwa tsvina. Vakaratidza kupararira kwakapararira kwemajini ekupikisa munharaunda kuburikidza nemabasa asina hanya nevanhu. Naizvozvo, nyika dzinoverengeka dzave kutofunga nezvekuuraya utachiona hwemvura yakasviba isati yaburitswa mumhoteredzo. Vatsvagiri veSweden vanosimbisawo kukosha kwekuona majini ekuramba munharaunda panguva yekutanga yekuunza chero mushonga mutsva unorwisa mabhakitiriya, uye kunyangwe usati watorwa nehutachiona.
- Read more: Masayendisiti kubva kuYunivhesiti yeGothenburg akacherekedza kuti jena raimbozivikanwa rekupokana nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya rakapararira
Zvinoita sekunge - senge nezve mavhairasi - isu tinofanirwa kungwarira kutyora zvipingamupinyi zveecological uye intercontinental tourism.
Kwete kushanya chete, asiwo njodzi dzakasiyana dzechisikigo dzakadai sekudengenyeka kwenyika, tsunami uye hondo. Kana zvasvika pakupwanya chivhariso chezvakatipoteredza nebhakitiriya, muenzaniso wakanaka kukurumidza kuwedzera kwekuvapo kweAcinetobacter baumannii munzvimbo yedu yemamiriro ekunze.
Izvo zvine chekuita neFirst Gulf War, kubva kwayakaunzwa kuEurope nekuUS zvakanyanya nemauto anodzoka. Akawana mararamiro akanaka kwazvo ikoko, kunyanya mumamiriro ezvinhu ekudziya kwepasi. Iyo microorganism yezvakatipoteredza, uye nekudaro yakapihwa nzira dzakawanda dzakasiyana dzinoita kuti irarame uye iwande. Izvi, semuenzaniso, kushorwa nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya, kumunyu, kusanganisira simbi inorema, uye kurarama mumamiriro ekunyorova kwepamusoro. Acinetobacter baumannii nderimwe rematambudziko akakomba ezvirwere zvenosocomial munyika nhasi.
Nekudaro, ini ndoda kutarisisa kune denda, kana kuti denda, iro rinowanzo kutiza kutarisa kwedu. Ndiko kupararira kwemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzebhakitiriya pamwe nekupararira kwakatwasuka kwezvinotaridza kupikisa (majini). Resistance inomuka kuburikidza nekuchinja kwechromosomal DNA, asiwo inowanikwa nekuda kwekuchinjisa kuchinjika kwemajini ekupikisa, semuenzaniso pane transposons uye conjugation plasmids, uye kuwanikwa kwekupokana semhedzisiro yekuchinja kwemajini. Inonyanya kushanda munzvimbo umo mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya inoshandiswa zvakanyanya uye inoshungurudzwa.
Nezve mupiro wekushanyirwa uye nzendo refu kuenda kupararira kwekusagadzikana, chinonyanya kushamisa kupararira kwemarara emudumbu matanda anoburitsa carbapenemases inokwanisa hydrolyzing ese beta-lactam antibiotics, kusanganisira carbapenems, boka remishonga inonyanya kukosha mukurapa kwakakomba. zvirwere.
MuPoland, inonyanya kuzivikanwa ndeye carbapenemase yeNewDelhi type (NDM), pamwe neKPC uye OXA-48. Vangangodaro vakaunzwa kwatiri kubva kuIndia, USA neNorth Africa, zvichiteerana. Aya marudzi anewo majini ekudzivirira kune akati wandei mamwe maantibioti, ayo anonyanya kudzikisira nzira dzekurapa, achidziisa mumhando yealarm pathogens. Iri ndiro dambudziko rakaipisisa mumunda wemishonga yehutachiona muPoland, uye nhamba yezviitiko zvehutachiona uye vatakuri zvakasimbiswa neNational Reference Center yeAntimicrobial Susceptibility yakatopfuura gumi.
- Read more: MuPoland, kune kuwanda kwevanhu vane utachiona hunouraya hweNew Delhi. Mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya yakawanda haishandi kwaari
Maererano nemabhuku ezvokurapa, vanopfuura hafu yevarwere havana kuponeswa muhutachiona hweropa hunokonzerwa nemukati bacilli inobereka carbapenemases. Kunyange zvazvo mishonga mitsva inorwisa mabhakitiriya inopesana ne carbapenemase inogadzira strains yakaunzwa, hatisati tine mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya inoshanda mukurapa kweNDM.
Zvidzidzo zvakawanda zvakaburitswa zvichiratidza izvozvo dumbu redu rinogayiwa nyore nyore nema microorganisms emunharaunda panguva dzenzendo dze intercontinental. Kana utachiona husingarambiki hwawanda ikoko, tinoapinza kwatinogara uye anogara nesu kwemavhiki akati kuti. Pamusoro pezvo, patinotora mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya isingamiri kwavari, kune njodzi yakawedzera yekupararira kwavo.
Mazhinji emajini ekupikisa anoonekwa mubhakitiriya ane chekuita nehutachiona hwevanhu anobva kune zvakatipoteredza uye zoonotic microorganisms. Nokudaro, denda replasmid inotakura colistin resistance gene (mcr-1) ichangobva kutsanangurwa, iyo yakapararira muEnterobacterales strains pamakondinendi mashanu mukati megore rimwe chete. Yakanga yakaparadzaniswa nenguruve muChina, ipapo muhuku uye zvigadzirwa zvekudya.
Munguva pfupi yapfuura, kwave kune kutaura kwakawanda pamusoro pe halicin, mushonga unorwisa mabhakitiriya wakagadzirwa noungwaru hwokugadzira. Ko makombiyuta ari kunyatsotsiva vanhu mukugadzira mishonga mitsva here?
Kutsvaga zvinodhaka zvine zvinhu zvinotarisirwa uchishandisa njere dzekugadzira zvinoratidzika kwete chete zvinonakidza, asiwo zvakanyanya kudiwa. Zvichida izvi zvingakupa mukana wekuwana mishonga yakakodzera? Mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya isina microorganism inogona kuramba? Nekubatsirwa kwemakombiyuta akagadzirwa, zvinokwanisika kuedza mamiriyoni emakemikari emakemikari munguva pfupi uye kusarudza iyo inonyanya kuvimbiswa maererano nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya.
Zvakangodaro "zvakawanikwa" mushonga mutsva unorwisa mabhakitiriya ihalicin, une zita rekuti HAL 9000 komputa kubva mufirimu "2001: A Space Odyssey". Zvidzidzo zvebasa rayo remu in vitro zvichipesana nemhando yeAcinetobacter baumannii inorwisa yakawanda ine tarisiro, asi haishande kurwisa Pseudomonas aeruginosa - imwe yakakosha hutachiona hwechipatara. Isu tinocherekedza zvirevo zvakawanda zvezvinogona zvinodhaka zvakawanikwa nenzira iri pamusoro, iyo inobvumira kupfupisa chikamu chekutanga chekukura kwavo. Zvinosuruvarisa, kuchine mhuka uye zvidzidzo zvevanhu zvinofanira kuitwa kuti zvione kuchengetedzwa uye kushanda kwemishonga mitsva pasi pemamiriro chaiwo ehutachiona.
- Verenga zvakare: Zviri nyore kubata chirwere… muchipatara. Chii chaunogona kutapukirwa?
Saka tichapa basa rekugadzira mishonga mitsva inorwisa mabhakitiriya kumakombiyuta akarongwa zvakanaka mune ramangwana here?
Izvi zviri kutoitika zvishoma. Tine maraibhurari makuru emhando dzakasiyana-siyana ane anozivikanwa zvivakwa uye maitiro ekuita. Isu tinoziva kuti chii chakanyanya, zvichienderana nedosi, ivo vanosvika mumatissue. Isu tinoziva makemikari avo, emuviri uye zvipenyu maitiro, kusanganisira muchetura. Panyaya yemishonga inorwisa utachiona, tinofanira kuedza kunyatsonzwisisa maitiro ebhayoloji ehutachiona hwatinoda kugadzira mushonga unoshanda. Tinofanira kuziva nzira yekukonzera maronda uye virulence zvinhu.
Semuenzaniso, kana chepfu inokonzera zviratidzo zvako, mushonga unofanirwa kudzvinyirira kugadzirwa kwayo. Panyaya ye-multi-antibiotic-resistant mabhakitiriya, zvinodikanwa kuti udzidze nezvemaitiro ekupikisa, uye kana zvichibva pakugadzirwa kwe enzyme iyo hydrolyzes mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya, tinotarisa kune inhibitors yayo. Kana shanduko yekugamuchira ichigadzira iyo yekupokana, isu tinofanirwa kuwana imwe ichava nehukama nayo.
Zvichida isu tinofanirawo kukudziridza matekinoroji ekugadzirwa kwe "talor-made" maantibioti, anoenderana nezvinodiwa nevanhu chaivo kana kune chaiwo mabhakitiriya?
Zvingave zvakanaka, asi ... panguva ino, muchikamu chekutanga chekurapa hutachiona, isu kazhinji hatizivi etiological factor (inokonzera chirwere), saka tinotanga kurapwa nemushonga une huwandu hwakawanda hwekuita. Imwe mhando yebhakitiriya inowanzokonzera zvirwere zvakawanda zvinoitika mumatishu akasiyana ehurongwa hwakasiyana. Ngatitorei semuenzaniso wegoridhe staphylococcus, iyo inokonzera, pakati pevamwe, zvirwere zveganda, pneumonia, sepsis. Asi pyogenic streptococcus uye Escherichia coli zvakare inokonzera zvirwere zvakafanana.
Chete mushure mekugamuchira mhedzisiro yetsika kubva ku microbiological laboratory, iyo isingazotauri chete iyo microorganism yakakonzeresa hutachiona, asiwo kuti hutachiona hwayo hunoratidzika sei, inobvumidza iwe kusarudza mushonga unorwisa mabhakitiriya "unoenderana" nezvido zvako. Uyewo cherechedza kuti hutachiona hunokonzerwa nehutachiona hwakafanana kune imwe nzvimbo mumuviri wedu hungada mushonga wakasiyananekuti kushanda kwekurapa kunoenderana nekuiswa kwayo panzvimbo yehutachiona uye, hongu, kunzwa kweiyo etiological factor. Isu tinoda nekukurumidza maantibioti matsva, ese akafara-akawanda, kana etiological factor isingazivikanwe (empirical therapy) uye yakamanikana, kana isu tatova neiyo microbiological test mhedzisiro (targeted therapy).
Zvakadini netsvagurudzo pane yakasarudzika probiotics inozo chengetedza zvakakwana microbiome yedu?
Parizvino, hatina kukwanisa kuvaka probiotics nehunhu hwaidiwa, tichiri kuziva zvishoma nezve microbiome yedu uye mufananidzo wayo muhutano uye chirwere. Iyo yakasiyana-siyana, yakaoma, uye nzira dzekuberekesa dzekare hadzitibvumiri kuti tizvinzwisise zvizere. Ndinotarisira kuti iyo yakawanda uye inowanzoitwa metagenomic zvidzidzo zvegumbo remimba ichapa ruzivo rwakakosha ruchabvumira kupindira kwekugadzirisa mukati me microbiome.
Zvichida iwe unodawo kufunga nezve dzimwe nzira dzokurapa dzehutachiona hwehutachiona hunobvisa mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya?
Tinofanira kuyeuka kuti tsanangudzo yemazuva ano yemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya inosiyana neyekutanga, kureva chete chigadzirwa che microbial metabolism. Kuti zvive nyore, Parizvino isu tinoona maantibioti ese emishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya, kusanganisira yekugadzira, senge linezolid kana fluoroquinolones.. Tiri kutsvaga antibacterial properties yemishonga inoshandiswa mune zvimwe zvirwere. Zvisinei, mubvunzo unomuka: unofanira kurega kupa kwavo muzviratidzo zvepakutanga here? Kana zvisina kudaro, isu tichaita kuti tidzivise nekukurumidza.
Pakave nenhaurirano dzakawanda uye miedzo yekutsvagisa maererano neimwe nzira yekurwisa utachiona kupfuura kare. Chokwadi, nzira inonyanya kushanda ndeyekugadzira majekiseni. Zvisinei, nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzema microbes, izvi hazvigoneki nekuda kwekukanganisa kwekuziva kwedu nzira dzepathogenic, pamwe chete nezvikonzero zveunyanzvi uye zvinodhura. Isu tinoedza kuderedza hutachiona hwavo, semuenzaniso nekudzikamisa kugadzirwa kwechepfu uye ma enzymes akakosha mupathogenesis yehutachiona kana nekuvanyima mukana wetishu colonization, iyo inowanzova nhanho yekutanga yehutachiona. Tinoda kuti vagare nesu murunyararo.
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Prof. Dr hab. med. Waleria Hryniewicz inyanzvi mumunda wezvokurapa microbiology. Akatungamira Dhipatimendi reEpidemiology uye Clinical Microbiology yeNational Medicines Institute. Ndiye sachigaro weNational Antibiotic Protection Program, uye kusvika 2018 anga ari chipangamazano wenyika mundima yekurapa microbiology.
The editorial board inokurudzira:
- Hunhu hwakawana denda re coronavirus chete - kubvunzurudza naProf. Waleria Hryniewicz
- Gomarara mumhuri yese. Hurukuro naProf. Szczylik
- Murume kuna chiremba. Hurukuro naDr. Ewa Kempisty-Jeznach, MD