Zvinokonzera goiter zvakawanda, zvakasiyana zvichienderana nekuti ine homogeneous kana heterogeneous, ine kana isina abnormal thyroid basa. Inogona kubatanidzwa:

- zvinovaka muviri, genetic uye hormonal factor (saka kuwanda kwakanyanya muvakadzi);

- fodya inosimudzira goiter nekukwikwidzana neayodhini;

- kuratidzirwa kune radiation, cervical irradiation muhudiki kana kuratidzwa kwezvakatipoteredza.

Homogeneous goiters

Aya ndiwo goiter umo thyroid gland inozvimba mukati mehuwandu hwayo mune homogeneous nzira.

A homogeneous goiter ine yakajairika thyroid basa inosangana mu80% yezviitiko kuvakadzi. Hairwadzi, yehukuru hwakasiyana, uye haidi kutarisirwa kwakakosha.

Goiter ine hyperthyroidism kana chirwere cheGraves: chinowanikwa muvakadzi kupfuura varume, uye kazhinji chinobva kumhuri, chinoperekedzwa nekurasikirwa, kutsamwa, kupisa muviri, kudikitira zvakanyanya, kudedera. Mune zvimwe zviitiko kune exophthalmos, kureva maziso makuru, anopa kuonekwa kwemaziso e-globular, achibuda kunze kwekutenderera.

Homogeneous goiter ine hypothyroidism inowanikwawo muvakadzi. Inogona kukonzerwa nemishonga yakaita se lithiamu, kana kushayikwa kweiodine mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzeFrance seAlps, the Pyrenees, etc. Goiter yakanga yakajairika zvikuru kusati kwashandiswa iodine yakasimbiswa kubika munyu. Inogona zvakare kuve yekwakabva mhuri kana kukonzerwa nechirwere che autoimmune (Hashimoto's thyroiditis) umo muviri unogadzira masoja ekudzivirira chirwere anorwisa thyroid yayo.

Goiter nekuda kwekuwanda kweiodine mushure meradiography ine maajenti akasiyana kana kurapwa neamiodarone (mushonga unoitirwa kurapa cardiac arrhythmias) inogona kukonzera hypo kana hyperthyroidism. Vanodzokera vachingoerekana vatanga kana mushure mekumisa amiodarone.

Goiters izvo zvinorwadza uye zvine chekuita nefivhainogona kuenderana ne subacute Quervain's thyroiditis inotungamira ku hypothyroidism uye kazhinji hyperthyroidism. Kazhinji inoporesa pachayo mukati memavhiki mashoma kana mwedzi. Chiremba anogona kupa aspirin, corticosteroids, uye marapirwo anonotsa moyo mu tachycardia.

Heterogeneous kana nodular goiters.

Palpation kana Ultrasound inoratidza kuvepo kweimwe kana akawanda magunduru, angave akabatana kana asina kubatanidzwa neabnormal thyroid function. Manodule (s) anogona kunge "asina kwaakarerekera" aine zvakajairika mahormone, "kutonhora" kana hypoactive nekudzikira kwekugadzirwa kwemahomoni ethyroid kana "kupisa" kana kuita zvakanyanya nekuwedzera kubudiswa kwehomoni yethyroid. Mapundu anopisa ane kenza zvisingaite. Asi magunduru akasimba, emvura kana akasanganiswa anotonhora anogona mu10 kusvika 20% yezviitiko zvinoenderana nebundu rinouraya, saka gomarara.

Ndeupi chiremba wekubvunza kana uine goiter?

Pamberi pegoiter, saka kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwehutachiwana pazasi pemutsipa, munhu anogona kubvunza chiremba wake mukuru uyo ​​maererano nekuongorora uye zvinhu zvekutanga zvekuongorora zvichange zvichitaura kune endocrinologist (nyanzvi muhomoni. kushanda) kana ENT.

Kuongororwa kwekiriniki.

Kuongororwa kwemutsipa nachiremba kuchaona kana kuzvimba kumucheto kwemutsipa kune chokuita nethyroid. Inobvumirawo kuona kuti inorwadza here kana kuti kwete, ine homogeneous kana kwete, kana kuzvimba kune imwe lobe kana zvese zviri zviviri, yakaoma, yakasimba kana yakapfava. Kuongororwa nachiremba kunogonawo kutarisa kuvepo kwemalymph nodes mumutsipa.

Panguva yekuongororwa kwechiremba, mibvunzo yachiremba yakasanganiswa nekuongorora kwepanyama inotarisa zviratidzo zvekushanda kusina kunaka kwethyroid.

Chiremba anozobvunzawo kuti ndezvipi marapirwo anowanzo kutorwa nemunhu, kana paine matambudziko ethyroid mumhuri, irradiation yemutsipa muhuduku, kwakabva geographical, izvo zvinokonzeresa (fodya, kushaya ayodhini, pamuviri).

Biological bvunzo.

Vanoongorora mashandiro egirodhi kuburikidza nekuyedza mahormone ethyroid (T3 uye T4) uye TSH (hormone inogadzirwa nepituitary gland inodzora kugadzirwa kwehomoni yethyroid). Mukuita, iri pamusoro pese TSH inoyerwa kuongororwa kwekutanga. Kana ichiwedzerwa, zvinoreva kuti thyroid haisi kushanda zvakakwana, kana yakaderera, kuti kuvharidzirwa kwehomoni yehomoni kwakanyanyisa.

Chiremba anogona zvakare kuraira kuongororwa murabhoritari kuti atarise kuvepo kweanorwisa thyroid antibodies.

Radiological bvunzo.

Kuongorora kwakakosha ndikoShandisa scan iyo inotsanangura saizi, hunhu hwakasiyana-siyana kana kuti kwete hwegota, hunhu hwenhanga (s) (mvura, yakasimba kana yakasanganiswa), mamiriro ayo chaiwo uye kunyanya kukwidziridzwa kwegomba rakananga kuchipfuva (chinonzi plunging goiter). Anotarisawo ma lymph nodes mumutsipa.

La thyroid scan. Zvinosanganisira kupa munhu anenge achizonyora bvunzo dzeradioactive marker dzine chinhu chinosunga thyroid gland (iodine kana technetium). Sezvo aya mamakisi ari radioactive, zviri nyore kuwana mufananidzo wenzvimbo dzekusunga dzemakaki. Muedzo uyu unotsanangura kushanda kwese kwethyroid gland. Inogona kuratidza nodules isingaonekwe pane palpation uye inoratidza

- kana ma nodules "achitonhora": anosunga mashoma eradioactive marker, uye izvi zvinoratidza kuderera kwethyroid hyperfunction,

- kana zviputi "zvichipisa", zvinogadzirisa zviratidzo zvakawanda zveradioactive, izvo zvinoratidza kugadzirwa kwakanyanya

- kana mabhunu asina kwaakarerekera, anogadzirisa zvine mwero maredhiyo emagetsi, anoratidza zvakajairika mahormone kushanda.

La kubaya kwe a nodulesinobvumira kutarisa kuvapo kwemasero akaipa kana kubvisa cyst. Inoitwa zvakarongeka kune ese anotonhora nodules

La nyore radiology inogona kuratidza calcifications yegoiter uye kuwedzera kwayo kuchipfuva

MRI inonakidza pakutsanangura kuwedzera kwethyroid kune zvivakwa zvakavakidzana uye kunyanya kuvepo kwegoiter inonyura yakananga ku thorax, kutsvaga malymph nodes.