Maziso akaneta kana asthenopia

sekudanwa kweophthalmologists iyi mamiriro, inozviratidza muchimiro chezviratidzo zvekuona kuneta. Muchiitiko ichi, murwere anogona kunyunyuta pamusoro pe:

  • kuderera kwekuona (kunzwa kwe "chifukidziro" kana "fog" pamberi pemeso);
  • kuonekwa kwekusajeka kana kupindirana kwezvinhu zviri kutaurwa;
  • kunzwa kwe "jecha" mumaziso;
  • kutsvuka kwemaziso;
  • photophobia kana rima kugadzirisa dambudziko;
  • kuomerwa kana kusagoneka kwekukurumidza kutarisa kana uchichinja kutarisa kwako kubva kure kure kuenda kune chinhu chiri chinhambwe uye zvinopesana;
  • headache;

Chiyero chikuru chekuongororwa kweasthenopia ndeyekuwedzera kwezvichemo zvinotsanangurwa pamusoro panguva yekunyanya kushushikana kwekuona (kushanda pakombiyuta, kushanda nemagwaro, kuverenga kana kunyorera). Muchiitiko ichi, zviratidzo zvose zvakakodzera zvinogona kuderera zvakanyanya kana kupera zvachose panguva yekuzorora.

Asthenopia

Vese vakuru nevana vanobatwa. Uyezve, chirwere ichi chinowanzobata vana vezera repakati nesekondari, pamwe chete nevadzidzi. Ndiko kuti, ese aya mapoka ehuwandu anoita chero basa rine chekuita nekushushikana kwekuona kwenguva yakareba.

Uye saka zvikonzero zvikuru uye njodzi dzekuvandudza asthenopia ndeidzi:

  • kuverenga kana chero basa rekuona muchiedza chakaderera;
  • kushanda pakombiyuta kana kuona TV kwenguva refu;
  • nguva refu yekutyaira, kunyanya manheru uye manheru;
  • basa rakabatana nekusagadzikana kwekuona, semuenzaniso, shanda nediki diki (embroidery, jeweler basa uye mamwe maindasitiri akafanana);
  • kururamisa kusina kunaka kweametropia (myopia, kuona kure kana astigmatism);
  • zvirwere zvakajairika, kunyanya endocrine;
  • kudhakwa;

Mhando dze asthenopia:

  • Muscular asthenopia. Zvinoenderana nekushaya simba kwekusangana kureva kusimba kwemeso maviri pachinhu chakamira. Izvi zvinogona kuoma kana mhasuru dzeziso dzisina simba.)
  • Accommodative asthenopia. Accommodation ndiyo physiological process yekushandura refractive simba reziso panguva yekuona kwekuona kwezvinhu zviri munzvimbo dzakasiyana kubva kwairi. Iyo yekugara yemidziyo yeziso inosanganisira: yakatsetseka mhasuru fibers yeciliary tsandanyama, fibers ye zonular ligament, choroid uye lens. Chero kukanganisa mukushanda kwezvivakwa izvi kunogona kubatsira mukudzikira kwenzvimbo yekugara uye kukonzera kumwe kunyunyuta kweasthenopic.
  • Yakasanganiswa asthenopia inoitika nekukanganisika kwakasanganiswa kwekusangana uye pekugara.
  • Nervous asthenopia inogona kusanganiswa nekushungurudzika kana kukanganisa kwakasiyana-siyana kwepfungwa. 
  • Symptomatic asthenopia inoitika nemhando dzakasiyana siyana dzeziso uye nhengo dziri pedyo uye inonyangarika kana chirwere chepasi chapora (1).

Muscular asthenopia inowanzoitika ine myopia isina kurongeka, kuona kure, presbyopia (kuona kure kune zera) kana astigmatism.

Zvichemo zveAsthenopic zvinogonawo kuitika nemagirazi akasarudzwa zvisina kunaka kana lenzi. Kana kuti zvinokwanisika kuti myopia kana presbyopia yakafambira mberi, uye murwere anoramba achishandisa magirazi ekare asingachakodzeri kwaari maererano ne diopta.

Muscular asthenopia inogonawo kuitika kumusana wezvirwere zvakajairika zvinokanganisa rectus ocular tsandanyama, semuenzaniso, endocrine zvirwere (thyrotoxicosis), myasthenia gravis kana myositis.

Ne myopia, basa riri pedyo rinoitika nekuwedzera kwekugara, iyo inoitwa nerubatsiro rwemukati rectus tsandanyama. Ne strabismus, asthenopia inoitika nekuda kwekuneta nekuda kwechido chekukunda kutsauka kwemaziso.

Zvinokonzera accommodative asthenopia - spasm yekugara, kusakwana kururamiswa kwekuona kure uye astigmatism, ocular uye general pathology inotungamirira kukushaya simba kweciliary muscle, somuenzaniso, zvirwere zvinoputika uye zvinopera zveziso. Paunenge uchishanda padhuze, kunetsa kwekugara kunodiwa, iyo inoitwa nerubatsiro rwemisumbu yeciliary.

Kuongororwa kweAsthenopia:

  • Kutsunga kwekuona kwekuona uye pasina kugadzirisa
  • Skiascopy yevadzidzi vakamanikana uye vakafara (kazhinji muvana).
  • Refractometry ine mudzidzi mudiki uye wakafara.
  • Kutsunga kwekona ye strabismus uchishandisa nzira yeHirschberg uye synoptophore;
  • Kutsunga kwechimiro chechiratidzo uchishandisa bvunzo yechina;
  • Kuyera nzvimbo yekugara - chidzitiro che opaque chinoiswa pamberi peziso rimwe uye imwe inokumbirwa kuverenga chinyorwa chiri chinhambwe che 33 cm. Zvadaro lenzi dzisina kunaka dzine simba rinowedzera dzinoiswa pamberi payo uye dzinobvumirwa "kujaira" kwenguva yakati. Iro lenzi rakasimba, iro rugwaro ruchiri kugona kuverengwa, rinoonekwa senzvimbo yekuchengetera pekugara. Pamakore 20-30 yakaenzana ne10 diopters, mushure memakore makumi mana inoderera.
  • Kutemerwa kwemafusion reserves kunoitwa uchishandisa synoptophore. Muchiitiko ichi, zvikamu zviviri zvemufananidzo zvakabatanidzwa pamwe chete, zvino vanotanga kupatsanura hafu yemifananidzo uye kuzviisa pasi pekutarisa apo ziso rinotanga kuona mufananidzo se2 akasiyana. Kazhinji, mapositive reserves (convergent) ari 15-25 degrees, uye negative reserves (divergent) ari 3-5 degrees. Ne asthenopia ivo vanoderedzwa. Inogonawo kutsanangurwa uchishandisa prismatic lenses.

Kurapa kwe asthenopia.

Kurapa kwe asthenopia, sekutonga, kunogara kwenguva refu uye zvakanyanya kunoenderana nechido chemurwere uye mafungiro ekugadzirisa. Nzira huru yakanyatsosarudzwa kururamiswa kweametropia nemagirazi kana kuonana lenses. Kurapa kwechikonzero cheasthenopia, kusanganisira extraocular pathology, inosungirwa. Kuti ubvise spasm yekugara uye kuzorodza mhasuru yeciliary, pfupi-acting mydriatics inoiswa, 1 donho zuva rega rega kana rimwe zuva husiku husiku kwemwedzi.

Iron kurapwa nzira dzinoshandiswa kudzidzisa zvakachengetwa zvakanaka pekugara uye convergence. Izvi zvinowanikwa nekushandisa malenzi emasimba akasiyana, maprism uye akakosha simulators (2).

Iron uye komputa nzira dzekurapa amblyopia:

  • Synoptophore inobatsira kudzidzisa uye kugadzira fusional reserves (kukwanisa kubatanidza mifananidzo inooneka kubva mumaziso ese kuita mufananidzo mumwe).
  • Laser stimulation inozorodza mhasuru yeciliary. 
  • Murairidzi we accomodo anokanganisa pekugara kana akatarisa zvese zviri pedyo nekure, uye anogona zvakare kushandiswa kumba. 
  • Zvirongwa zvemakombuta zvakasiyana. Kubvisa kuneta kwemaziso uye kudzivirira kukura kwekombuta syndrome - EyeDefender, Safe eyes, RELAX. Kana pane myopia, hypermetropia kana strabismus, ipapo ZISO, Strabismus, Blade, Ruva, Michinjikwa, Contour, nezvimwewo (3).

Iron kurapwa inopa mhedzisiro yakanaka muvana.

Kudzivirira kukura kweasthenopia:

  • Kururamisa uye nenguva kururamisa zvikanganiso refractive (myopia, kuona kure, astigmatism).
  • Kutevedzana nebasa uye zororo rekutonga maererano nemeso. Mushure meawa imwe neimwe yekutambudzika kweziso, unoda kutora zororo. Panguva ino, unogona kuita maekisesaizi emaziso.
  • Kuvhenekera kwakakwana kwenzvimbo uye kwese kwenzvimbo yebasa.
  • Kushandiswa kwemagirazi anokosha ane perforated kunoderedza kushushikana kwekugara.
  • Kutora mavhitamini kana chikafu chekudya chemaziso uye kudya kwakaringana, kwakaringana kazhinji.
  • Mitambo uye kugwinya mabasa.

Kufungidzira kweasthenopia nekurapa panguva yakakodzera uye kutevedzera mitemo yese yekudzivirira kwakanaka.

 

1. "Binocular functions in ametropia" Shapovalov SL, Milyavsky TI, Ignatieva SA, Kornyushina TA St. Petersburg 2014

2. "Kurapwa kwakaoma kwekusagadzikana kwekugara mune yakawanikwa myopia" Zharov VV, Egorov AV, Konkova LV, Moscow 2008.

3. "Kushanda kurapwa kwe concomitant strabismus" Goncharova SA, Panteleev GV, Moscow 2004.

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