Chizi ichi ndechimwe chezvikafu zvinozivikanwa muJapan neChina uye chinoshanda sosi huru yepuroteni kumamiriyoni evanhu nekudaro inonzi "nyama isina mabhonasi". Iwe unoziva here kusarudza, kubika uye kuchengetera ichi chekumabvazuva chinonaka?
Tofu izita reJapan re curd, iro rinogadzirwa kubva mumukaka-semvura yemvura inowanikwa kubva kumasoya. Tofu akaonekwa kuChina, panguva yeHan era (III century BC), uko kwainzi "dofu". Zvino, pakugadzirira kwayo, bhinzi yakazvimba yakagayiwa nemvura, mukaka wakabikwa uye gungwa munyu, magnesia kana gypsum yakawedzerwa, izvo zvakatungamira mukuumbana kweprotein. Iyo yakatetepa curd yakazodzvanywa kuburikidza netissue kubvisa yakawandisa fluid.
MuJapan, tofu inonzi "o-tofu". Izwi rekutanga "o" rinoreva "anokudzwa, anoremekedzwa," uye nhasi munhu wese muJapan neChina vanoshandisa tofu. Soya ndeimwe yemakeke mashanu matsvene muChina, uye tofu chikafu chakakosha muAsia yese, ichishanda sosi huru yepuroteni kumamirioni avanhu. MuEast, tofu inonzi "nyama isina mafuta". Iyo yakaderera mune makabhohaidhiretsi uye inonwiswa zviri nyore nemuviri, izvo zvinoita kuti chive chigadzirwa chakakosha chekudya chevana nevakuru.
Tofu inogona kuve yakapfava, yakaoma, kana yakaoma kwazvo. "Silk" tofu yakapfava, yakapfava uye yakaita secardard. Kazhinji inotengeswa mumidziyo izere nemvura. Icho chigadzirwa chinoparara chinoda kuchengetwa pa -7 ° C. Kuchengeta tofu iri nyowani, mvura inofanira kuchinjwa zuva nezuva. Nyowani tofu ine tambo inotapira zvishoma. Kana ikatanga kuvava, inoda kubikirwa kwemaminitsi gumi, ipapo ichazvimba uye yozoita porous kupfuura isina kubikirwa. Tofu inogona kuve yakaoma nechando, asi mushure mekunyunguduka inova yakaoma uye yakaoma.
Tofu inodyiwa yakasvibira, yakakangwa, yakasanganiswa uye inopfungaira. Iyo inenge isinganetsi, ichiibvumira kuti ishandiswe nemidziyo inonakidza kwazvo, zvinonhuwira uye zvinwiwa, uye iko kugadzirwa kwacho kwakakodzera chero nzira yekubika.
Kutaura nezve tofu, mumwe haakwanise kutadza kutaura chigadzirwa chakadai sa tempeh. Tempe yave ichishandiswa zvakanyanya muIndonesia kweanopfuura zviuru zviviri zvemakore. Nhasi uno chigadzirwa ichi chinogona kuwanikwa muzvitoro zvakawanda nezvitoro zvekudya zvine hutano muzvikamu zvefriji. Tempeh ikeke rakaviriswa, rakatsindirwa rakagadzirwa kubva kune soya uye tsika yefungal inonzi Rhizopus oligosporus. Iyi fungus inoumba chena chakuvhe iyo inopinda mukati meyese soy mass, ichichinja magadzirirwo ayo uye kugadzira chizi-senge ganda. Tempeh inova viscous uye dense, ingangoita senyama, uye inotora nutty kuravira. Vamwe vanhu vanotozvifananidza nevevha.
Tempeh inosanganiswa nemupunga, quinoa, nzungu, bhinzi, gorosi, oats, bhari kana coconut. Iyo inozivikanwa kwazvo mune yekudyara yemavheji pasirese, nekuti chigadzirwa chinogutsa - chepasi rose sosi yeprotein inogona kubikwa muchoto kana yakabikwa, yakadzika-yakabikwa kana kungori mumafuta.
Icharamba iri mufiriji kwemavhiki akati wandei asi pasuru yacho iri yakasimba, asi painovhurwa, inofanira kushandiswa mukati memazuva mashoma. Nzvimbo dzakasviba pamusoro hadzina ngozi, asi kana tempeh ikachinja ruvara kana kunhuhwirira, inofanira kuraswa. Bira iyo tempeh zvachose usati wabika, asi kana iwe ukaifambisa nguva yakareba zvakakwana, unogona kutsika danho iri.
Edhisheni vashandi veWday.ru, Julia Ionina