Vachiri kuyaruka vakapfuura nemuzviitiko zvinoshungurudza vanowanzotsvaga nzira yekupedza marwadzo avo emukati. Uye nzira iyi inogona kuva mishonga. Nzira yekudzivirira sei izvi?
Vachiri kuyaruka vakawana zviitiko zvinoshungurudza vasati vasvika makore gumi nerimwe, paavhareji, vangangoedza marudzi akasiyana emishonga. Iyi mhedziso yakasvikwa neAmerican psychologist Hannah Carliner nevamwe vake.1.
Vakadzidza mafaera emunhu angangoita gumi vechidiki: 10% yavo vaive vakabatwa nechisimba chemuviri, 11% vakawana tsaona, uye imwe 18% yevakabatwa tsaona vaive hama.
Zvakaitika kuti 22% yevechidiki vakanga vatoedza mbanje, 2% - cocaine, 5% vakatora mishonga yakasimba pasina chiremba wachiremba, 3% - mimwe mishonga, uye 6% - marudzi akawanda akasiyana emishonga.
“Vana vanoomerwa zvikuru nokubatwa zvisina kufanira,” anodaro Hannah Karliner. Vapukunyuki vanowanzoshandisa zvinodhaka munguva yokuyaruka. Zvisinei, njodzi yekupindwa muropa inobatwawo nezvimwe zviitiko zvinoshungurudza zvinowanikwa muhuduku: njodzi dzemotokari, njodzi dzinongoitika dzoga, zvirwere zvakakomba.
Kushungurudzwa kwevana kwakanyanya kuomera vana.
Kazhinji kazhinji, vana vakaedza zvinodhaka, vane vabereki vamene vakatambura kupindwa muropa nemirimo kana kuti udhakwa. Vanyori vechidzidzo vanoona zvakawanda zvingangove tsananguro dzeizvi. Vana vari mumhuri dzakadaro vane banza rokuedza zvinodhaka pamusha kana kuti vakagara nhaka kombamiro yemavara okugara nhaka kuvabereki vavo. Kutarisa vabereki vavo, vanoona kuti zvinokwanisika "kubvisa kushushikana" nerubatsiro rwezvinhu zvepfungwa. Chokwadi chokuti vabereki vakadaro vanowanzoregeredza mabasa okurera mwana chinewo basa.
Migumisiro yekuedza kwevechiri kuyaruka nemishonga isingabvumirwi inogona kusuruvarisa: zvinokwanisika kukudziridza kupindwa muropa kwakanyanya, kusagadzikana kwepfungwa. Sekusimbisa kunoita vatsvakurudzi, vana vakasangana nekushungurudzika mupfungwa vanoda rubatsiro rwakanyanya kubva kuchikoro, nyanzvi dzepfungwa nemhuri. Zvinonyanya kukosha kuvadzidzisa kutsungirira kushushikana uye zviitiko zvakaoma. Zvikasadaro, zvinodhaka zvinotora basa rekurwisa kusagadzikana.
1 H. Carliner et al. "Kushungurudzika Kwevana uye Kushandiswa Kwezvinodhaka Kusina Kurongeka Mukuyaruka: A Population-Based National Comorbidity Survey Replication-Adolescent Supplement Study", Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 2016.