Kunenge kusina mushonga. Chinangwa chekuchengetedza ndechekukuderedza migumisiro yacho ADHD muvana kana vakuru, ndiko kuti matambudziko avo edzidzo kana ehunyanzvi, kutambura kwavo kune chekuita nekurambwa kwavanogara vachitambura, kuzvitarisira pasi, nezvimwe.

Gadzira chimiro chinobvumira munhu ane ADHD kurarama zviitiko zvakanaka chikamu chenzira inokurudzirwa navanachiremba, psychoeducators uye vadzidzisi vanogadzirisa. Vabereki vanoitawo basa rinokosha. Zvamazvirokwazvo, kunyange zvazvo nyanzvi dzakawanda dzichiperekedza mwana nemhuri, “vabereki vanoramba vari ‘varapi’ vanokosha zvikurusa waava vana,” anodaro Dr.^r François Raymond, chiremba wevana⁷.

Mishonga

Heino mhando dze Pharmaceuticals kushandiswa. Hadzisi nguva dzose dzinodikanwa uye dzinofanira kugara dzichibatanidzwa neimwe kana kupfuura psychosocial approaches (kuona mberi). Mumwe chete kuongororwa kwezvokurapa kuongororwa kwakakwana kuchaona kana kurapwa kwezvinodhaka kunodiwa.

Le methylphenidate (Ritalin®, Rilatine®, Biphentin®, Concerta®, PMS-Methylphenidate®) ndiwo mushonga unoshandiswa zvakanyanya muADHD. Hachirape chirwere ichi kana kuti hachidzivise kupfuurira kusvika pakukura, asi chinoderedza zviratidzo chero bedzi munhu ari pakurapa.

Uyu rinodhaka izvo zvinowedzera basa re Dopamine muuropi. Zvinoshamisa, izvi zvinodzikamisa munhu, zvinovandudza kufunga kwavo uye zvinovatendera kuti vave nezviitiko zvinofadza. Muvana, tinowanzoona kuvandudzwa kwekuita mudzidzo. Hukama hunowiriranawo nehama neshamwari. Migumisiro yacho inogona kuva inoshamisa. Nezvimwe zvisizvo, methylphenidate haina kunyorerwa isati yasvika zera rechikoro.

Chiyero chinosiyana pamunhu nemunhu. Chiremba anogadzirisa maererano nekuvandudzwa kwakaonekwa uye migumisiro yakaipa (zvinetso zvekurara, kurasikirwa kwechido, kurwadziwa mudumbu kana musoro, tics, nezvimwewo). The divi zvinokonzerwa dzinoita kudzikira nekufamba kwenguva. Kana muyero wacho wakanyanyisa, munhu wacho achange akadzikama kana kutononoka. Kugadziriswa kwedhesi kunobva kwadiwa.

Muzviitiko zvakawanda, mushonga unotorwa 2 kana katatu pazuva: imwe yero mangwanani, imwe masikati, uye kana zvichidiwa, yekupedzisira masikati. Methylphenidate inowanikwawo semapiritsi akareba, anotorwa kamwe chete pazuva mangwanani. Iwe unofanirwa kuziva kuti methylphenidate haigadziri chero kupindwa muropa kwepanyama kana kwepfungwa.

Mimwe mishonga inogona kushandiswa sezvinodiwa, sengeamphetamine (Adderall®, Dexedrine®). Migumisiro yavo (zvose zvinobatsira uye zvisingadiwi) zvakafanana neyemethylphenidate. Vamwe vanhu vanopindura zviri nani kune rimwe boka remishonga pane rimwe.

Mushonga usingapi simba,atomoxetine (Strattera®), yaizoderedzawo zviratidzo zvikuru zvekusagadzikana uye kusatarisisa kunokonzerwa neADHD. Chimwe chezvainofarira ndechekuti yaisazokanganisa kunaka kwekurara. Zvaizobvumira vana kuti varare nekukurumidza uye vasanyanya kutsamwa, zvichienzaniswa nevana vanotora methylphenidate. Zvaizoderedzawo kufunganya muvana vanotambura nazvo. Pakupedzisira, atomoxetine inogona kuva imwe nzira yevana vane methylphenidate inokonzera tics.

Mwana anofanira kuonekwa mavhiki maviri kusvika mana mushure mekutanga kwekurapa, ipapo panguva dzenguva dzemwedzi mishomanana.

Psychosocial maitiro

Kune nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzinogona kubatsira vana, vechidiki kana vanhu vakuru kudzora zviratidzo zvavo. Kune akawanda marudzi erutsigiro anobatsira, semuenzaniso, kunatsiridza kutarisisa uye kuderedza kushushikana kwakabatana neAdHD.

Kupindira uku kunosanganisira:

• kutaurirana ne psychoeducator, mudzidzisi anogadzirisa kana chiremba wepfungwa;
• kurapwa kwemhuri;
• boka rekutsigira;
• kudzidziswa kubatsira vabereki kutarisira mwana wavo akanyanyoshanda.

Mhedzisiro yakanakisa inowanikwa kana vabereki, vadzidzisi, vanachiremba uye psychotherapist vanoshanda pamwechete.

Rarama zviri nani nemwana ari hyperactive

Sezvo mwana ane hyperactive ane matambudziko ekutarisa, anoda zvivako zvakajeka kusimudzira kudzidza. Somuenzaniso, zviri nani kupa basa rimwe chete panguva. Kana basa - kana mutambo - wakaoma, zviri nani kuuputsa kuita matanho ari nyore kunzwisisa nekuita.

Mwana ane hyperactive anonyanya kufunga zvekunze zvinokurudzira. Kuva muboka kana munzvimbo inovhiringidza (TV, redhiyo, kunze kwemhirizhonga, nezvimwewo) zvinogona kuita sechinhu chinokonzera kana kuti chinowedzera. Zvekuitwa kwe basa rechikoro kana mamwe mabasa anoda kuisa pfungwa pachinhu ichi, saka zvinokurudzirwa kuti ugare panzvimbo yakanyarara pasina zvinokurudzira zvinogona kukanganisa pfungwa dzako.

Zvevana vane kunetseka kurara, mamwe mazano anogona kubatsira. Vana vanogona kukurudzirwa kuita maekisesaizi mukati mezuva, asi kuita zvinhu zvinodzikamisa, zvakadai sokuverenga, vasati varara. Iwe unogona zvakare kugadzira mhepo yekuzorodza (yakaderedzwa chiedza, mimhanzi yakapfava, mafuta anokosha ane zvinhu zvinozorodza, nezvimwewo). Zvinokurudzirwa kudzivirira terevhizheni nemitambo yemavhidhiyo mukati meawa kana maviri yekurara. Zvinodiwawo kutora muitiro wekurara unowirirana sezvinobvira.

Kutora Ritalin® kunowanzo shandura yako madyiro zvemwana. Kazhinji, uyu ane havi shoma pakudya kwemasikati uye zvakanyanya pakudya kwemanheru. Kana zvakadaro, ipai mwana zvokudya zvikuru kana mwana wacho aine nzara. Kwekudya kwemasikati masikati, tarisa pazvikamu zviduku zvezvokudya zvakasiyana-siyana. Kana zvichidiwa, zvokudya zvinovaka muviri zvinogona kupiwa. Kana mwana ari kutora mushonga wenguva refu (mushonga mumwe chete mangwanani), nzara inogona kusakura kusvika manheru.

Kugara nemwana anoshingaira kunoda simba rakawanda uye mwoyo murefu kubva kuvabereki nevadzidzisi. Naizvozvo zvakakosha kuti vazive miganhu yavo uye kuti vakumbire rubatsiro kana zvichidikanwa. Kunyanya, zvinokurudzirwa kuisa parutivi nguva ye "kuzorora", kusanganisira yehama nehanzvadzi.

Mwana ane hyperactive haana pfungwa yengozi. Ndosaka zvichiwanzoda kutarisirwa zvakanyanya kupfuura mwanawo zvake. Paunenge uchitarisira mwana akadaro, zvakakosha kusarudza munhu akavimbika uye ane ruzivo kuitira kudzivirira njodzi.

Kumanikidza, kupopota uye chirango chekurohwa kazhinji hazvibatsiri. Apo mwana "anopfuura miganhu" kana kuti matambudziko ehutano anowedzera, zviri nani kumukumbira kuti azviparadzanise kwemaminitsi mashomanana (muimba yake, somuenzaniso). Iyi mhinduro inobvumira munhu wese kuti adzoke zvishoma uye adzore kutonga.

Somuuyo wokutsiurwa nokuda kwezvinetso zvavo zvohunhu nokukanganisa, vana vanonyanyoshingaira vari mungozi yokutambura nokusazvivimba. Zvinokosha kuratidza kufambira mberi kwavo panzvimbo pezvikanganiso zvavo uye kuzvikoshesa. The kurudziro uye kukurudzira anopa zvibereko zviri nani pane kurangwa.

Chekupedzisira, tinowanzo kutaura nezve “zvisingatarisike” mativi evana vane ADHD, asi hatifanire kukanganwa kutara hunhu hwavo. Vanowanzova vana vane rudo, vanogadzira uye vanoita zvemitambo. Zvakakosha kuti vana ava vanzwe vachidiwa nemhuri, kunyanya sezvo vachinyatsoona zviratidzo zverudo.

Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo uye zviwanikwa, shanyira iyo Douglas Mental Health University Institute webhusaiti (ona Nzvimbo dzekufarira).