Ko vaEgipita vakare vakadya sezvatinoita? Kana iwe uri mudyari, zviuru zvemakore apfuura pamahombekombe eNairi ungadai wakanzwa kumba chaiko.
Kutaura zvazviri, kudya nyama yakawanda chinhu chichangobva kuitika. Mutsika dzekare, kudya miriwo kwainyanya kuwanda, kunze kwevanhu vanotama-tama. Vanhu vakawanda vaigara vakadya michero nemiriwo.
Kunyangwe masosi akambotaura kuti vaIjipita vekare vainyanya kudya miriwo, zvaisaita kusvika patsvagiridzo yenguva pfupi yapfuura kutaura kuti izvi kana zvimwe zvekudya zvaive zvakadii. Vakadya chingwa here? Wakambotsamira pa eggplant negariki here? Sei vasina kubata hove?
Chikwata chekuFrance chekutsvagisa chakaona kuti nekuongorora maatomu ecarbon mumidumbu yevanhu vaigara muEgypt pakati pe3500 BC e. uye 600 AD e., unogona kuona kuti vaidyei.
Maatomu ekabhoni ese ari muzvirimwa anowanikwa kubva kucarbon dioxide mumhepo kuburikidza nephotosynthesis. Carbon inopinda mumuviri wedu patinodya zvirimwa kana mhuka dzakadya zvirimwa izvi.
Chinhu chechitanhatu chakareruka patafura yeperiodic, kabhoni, inowanikwa muzvisikwa semaisotopi maviri akatsiga: kabhoni-12 uye kabhoni-13. MaIsotopes echinhu chimwe chete anoita nenzira imwechete asi ane maatomu mashoma akasiyana, nekabhoni-13 ichirema zvishoma pane kabhoni-12. Zvirimwa zvakakamurwa kuita mapoka maviri. Boka rekutanga, C3, rinonyanya kufarirwa pakati pemiti yakadai segariki, eggplant, pears, lentils uye gorosi. Chechipiri, boka duku, C4, rinosanganisira zvigadzirwa zvakadai semapfunde uye mhunga.
Zvakajairwa C3 zvinomera zvinotora zvishoma zveinorema kabhoni-13 isotope, nepo C4 inotora yakawanda. Nekuyera reshiyo yekabhoni-13 kusvika kabhoni-12, musiyano uripo pakati pemapoka maviri unokwanisa kutariswa. Kana iwe ukadya zvakawanda zveC3 zvinomera, kusanganiswa kwekabhoni-13 isotope mumuviri wako kuchava kuduku kudarika kana iwe uchidya zvakanyanya C4 miti.
Zvichemo zvakaongororwa nechikwata cheFrance zvaiva zvisaririra zvevanhu 45 vakaendeswa kumamiziyamu maviri muLyon, France, muzana remakore rechi19. "Takatora nzira yakati siyanei," anotsanangura kudaro Alexandra Tuzo, muongorori anotungamira paYunivhesiti yeLyon. “Takashanda zvakanyanya nemabhonzo nemazino, ukuwo vaongorori vakawanda vari kudzidza nezvebvudzi, collagen nemaprotein. Takashandawo panguva dzakawanda, tichidzidza vanhu vakati wandei kubva panguva imwe neimwe kuti tivhare nguva yakakura. ”
Vatsvakurudzi vakabudisa zvavakawana mu Journal of Archaeology. Vakayera chiyero che carbon-13 kusvika ku carbon-12 (pamwe chete nedzimwe isotopes dzakawanda) mumapfupa, enamel, uye vhudzi rezvisara uye vakazvienzanisa nezviyero munguruve dzakagamuchira kudya kwekutonga kwezvikamu zvakasiyana zveC3 neC4. . Nekuda kwekuti metabolism yenguruve yakafanana neyevanhu, chiyero che isotope chakafanana neicho chinowanikwa muzvidumbu.
Bvudzi rinotora mapuroteni emhuka akawanda kupfuura mapfupa nemazino, uye chiyero cheisotopes mumvere dzemummies chinofanana nevezvinodya miriwo vekuEurope, zvichiratidza kuti maEgypt ekare vainyanya kudya miriwo. Sezvakangoitwa nevanhu vakawanda vemazuva ano, kudya kwavo kwaibva pagorosi nemapfunde. Mhedziso huru yekudzidza ndeyekuti boka reC4 zviyo zvakadai semapira uye mhunga yakagadzira chikamu chiduku chekudya, pasi pe10 muzana.
Asi zvinhu zvinoshamisa zvakawanikwawo.
“Takaona kuti kudya kwacho kwaienderana kwenguva yose. Taitarisira kuchinja,” anodaro Tuzo. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti maEjipita akare akajairana nemhoteredzo yavo sezvo nharaunda yeNairi yakawedzera kuoma kubva muna 3500 BC. e. kusvika 600 AD e.
Kuna Kate Spence, nyanzvi yezvokuchera matongo uye nyanzvi yekare yeEgypt paYunivhesiti yeCambridge, izvi hazvina kushamisa: "Kunyange zvazvo nzvimbo iyi yakaoma zvikuru, vakarima zvirimwa nemadiridziro, izvo zvinonyanya kushanda," anodaro. Apo mwero wemvura muNairi wakaderera, varimi vakaswedera pedyo nerwizi ndokupfuurira kurima ivhu nenzira imwe cheteyo.
Chakavanzika chaicho ihove. Vanhu vakawanda vangafunga kuti vaIjipiti vekare, vaigara pedyo neNairi, vaidya hove dzakawanda. Zvisinei, pasinei nouchapupu hunokosha hwetsika, kwakanga kusina hove dzakawanda mukudya kwavo.
“Kune humbowo hwakawanda hwekubata hove pamadziro emadziro eEgypt (zvose zvine harpoon nemambure), hove dziripowo mumagwaro. Pane humbowo hwakawanda hwezvinocherwa mumatongo hwekudyiwa kwehove munzvimbo dzakadai seGaza neAmama,” anodaro Spence, achiwedzera kuti mamwe marudzi ehove haana kudyiwa nezvikonzero zvechitendero. "Zvese zvinoshamisa, sezvo ongororo yeisotope inoratidza kuti hove dzaive dzisina kufarirwa."