Gumbo (kubva kuLatin clavicula, kiyi diki) chikamu chezasi chinobatanidza tsoka negumbo.

Ankle ndiyo poindi yekubatanidza pakati peakisi yakachinjika yetsoka uye yakatwasuka axis yemuviri.

marangwanda. Ankle inoumbwa nemapfupa akati wandei:

• Kumucheto kwezasi kwetibia
• Kumucheto kwezasi kwefibula, bhonzo riri mugumbo rinozivikanwawo sefibula
• Kumucheto kwepamusoro kwetalus, pfupa retsoka riri pane calcaneus pachitsitsinho

Tallow-crurale articulation. Inofungidzirwa kuti ndiyo huru yemajoini. Inobatanidza talus uye tibiofibular mortise, izwi rinoratidza nzvimbo yepinch yakagadzirwa nekusangana kwetibia uye fibula (1).

Ligamende. Marunda mazhinji anobatanidza mapfupa etsoka neaya echitsiko:

• Iyo anterior uye posterior tibiofibular ligaments
• Iyo lateral collateral ligament inoumbwa ne3 bundles: iyo calcaneofibular ligament uye anterior uye posterior talofibular ligaments.
• Iyo yepakati collateral ligament inosanganisira deltoid ligament uye anterior uye posterior tibiotalar ligaments (2).

Tsandanyama nemarunda. Mamhasuru akasiyana siyana nemarunda anobva pagumbo anosvika pachiziso. Iwo akaiswa muzvikamu zvina zvakasiyana zvetsandanyama:

• Iyo yepamusoro-soro yekumusoro kamuri inosanganisira kunyanya iyo triceps sural muscle uye Achilles tendon.
• Iyo yakadzika posterior compartment inosanganisira mamhasuru ekumashure kwechiso chetibia, marunda ayo anomhanya akananga kuchiso chemukati chechidzitiro.
• The anterior compartment inosanganisira flexor muscles dzemakumbo
• The lateral compartment inosanganisira fibular brevis muscle uye fibular longus muscle

kuruka. Chidzitiro chinobvumira dorsal flexion movement iyo inoenderana nekusvika kwechiso chepamusoro chetsoka chakananga kune chemberi chegumbo (3).

Extension. Chidzitiro chinobvumira kufamba kwekuwedzera kana kuti plantar flexion iyo inosanganisira kufambisa dorsal face yetsoka kubva kune anterior face yegumbo (3).

Sprain. Inopindirana nekukuvara kweimwe kana kupfuura kunoitika nekuwedzera kwekunze kwemakumbo. Zviratidzo zvacho marwadzo uye kuzvimba muchitsiko.

Tendinopathy. Iyo inozivikanwawo se tendonitis. Zviratidzo zveiyi pathology zvinonyanya kurwadziwa mu tendon panguva yekuedza. Zvikonzero zveizvi pathologies zvinogona kunge zvakasiyana. Zvose zviri mukati, zvakadai se genetic predispositions, sekunze, zvakadai setsika isina kukodzera yemutambo, kana kusanganiswa kwezvizhinji zvezvinhu izvi zvinogona kuva chikonzero (1).

Achilles tendon kuputika. Iko kubvaruka kwetishu kunokonzera kuti Achilles tendon iparadze. Zviratidzo kurwadziwa kamwe kamwe uye kusakwanisa kufamba. Mabviro acho achiri kunzwisiswa zvisina kunaka (4).

Kurapa muviri. Kurapa kwepanyama, kuburikidza nemapurogiramu chaiwo ekurovedza muviri, anowanzo kunyorerwa senge physiotherapy kana physiotherapy.

Kurapwa. Zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu uye kurwadziwa kunoonekwa nemurwere, painkillers inogona kurongerwa. Anti-inflammatory drugs inogona kurongerwa chete kana kuputika kwetendon kuchizivikanwa.

Kuvhiya kurapa. Kuvhiya kurapwa kunowanzoitwa apo Achilles tendon inoputika, uye inogonawo kurongerwa mune dzimwe nguva tendinopathy uye sprains.

Kuongorora kwepanyama. Kuongororwa kunotanga pane zvese nekuongororwa kwekiriniki kuti ucherechedze chimiro chepamusoro chechimbo, mukana wekufamba kana kusafamba, uye kurwadziwa kunoonekwa nemurwere.

Chiremba imaging bvunzo. Kuti usimbise chirwere, kuongororwa kwehutano hwekufungidzira kunogona kuitwa se-x-ray, ultrasound, scintigraphy kana MRI.

Mune mamwe maitiro akadai sekutamba kana gymnastics, vatambi vanotsvaga kukudziridza hypermobility yemajoini, ayo anogona kuwanikwa kuburikidza nekudzidziswa chaiko. Nekudaro, iyi hypermobility inogona kuve nemhedzisiro yakaipa. Zvichiri kusanzwisiswa uye kunonoka kuongororwa, ligament hyperlaxity inoita kuti majoini asagadzikane, achiita kuti asanyanya kusimba (5).