“Ndiri munhu asingadyi miriwo, asi ndinodya hove.” Wakambonzwa mutsara uyu here? Ndakamboda kubvunza kune vanotaura kudaro, vanoti kudii nehove? Vanozviona semuriwo wakafanana nekaroti kana kuti cauliflower!
Hove dzine urombo dzagara dzichibatwa zvisina kunaka, uye ndine chokwadi chekuti imhaka yekuti mumwe munhu akawana pfungwa yakanaka yekuti hove hadzinzwe kurwadziwa. Funga nezvazvo. Hove dzine chiropa uye dumbu, ropa, maziso nenzeve - chaizvoizvo, dzakawanda zvenhengo dzomukati, sesu - asi hove hainzwi kurwadziwa? Zvino sei achida tsinga dzepakati dzinoendesa manzwiro kuenda nekubva kuuropi, kusanganisira kunzwa kwemarwadzo. Zvechokwadi, hove inonzwa kurwadziwa, iyo inhengo yehupenyu hwehupenyu. Pasinei nokukwanisa kwehove kunzwa kurwadziwa, hapana mitemo kana kuti mitemo pamusoro penzira yekuuraya nayo. Unogona kuita chero chaunoda naye. Kazhinji, hove idzi dzinourayiwa nekucheka dumbu nebanga uye kusunungura ura, kana kuti dzinokandwa mumabhokisi umo dzinodzipwa. Kuti ndidzidze zvakawanda nezvehove, ndakambofamba rwendo rwekutrawler uye ndakakatyamadzwa nezvandakaona. Ndakadzidza zvinhu zvakawanda zvinotyisa, asi chakanyanya kuipa chaiva chakaitika kuflounder, hove huru, yakati sandara ine manyawi eorenji. Akakandwa mubhokisi raiva nedzimwe hove uye awa imwe gare gare ndakanzwa kufa chaiko. Ndakaudza mumwe wevafambisi vengarava izvi, uyo, asingazezi, akatanga kumurova netsvimbo. Ndakafunga kuti zvaive nani pane kufa nekudzipwa ndikafunga kuti hove yafa. Mushure memaawa matanhatu, ndakaona kuti miromo yavo nemagill zvaive zvichiri kuvhurika nekuvharika nekuda kwekushaikwa kweokisijeni. Kurwadziswa uku kwakatora maawa gumi. Nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzokubata hove dzakagadzirwa. Mungarava yandakanga ndiri, pakanga pane zihombe rinorema trawl net. Zviyereso zvinorema zvakabata mambure pasi pegungwa, zvichirira nokukuya sezvazvaifamba mujecha ndokuuraya mazana ezvipenyu. Kana hove yakabatwa ichisimudzwa kubva mumvura, mukati mayo uye maburi emeso anogona kuputika nekuda kwekusiyana kwekumanikidza. Kazhinji kazhinji hove dzacho “dzinonyura” nemhaka yokuti kune dzakawanda kwazvo dzadzo mumambure zvokuti hove hadzigoni kubatira. Pamusoro pehove, dzimwe mhuka dzakawanda dzinopinda mumambure - dzinosanganisira starfish, magakanje nehove, dzinokandwa kumashure kuti dzife. Kune mimwe mitemo yekuredza - kazhinji ine chekuita nehukuru hwemambure uye ndiani uye kupi angaredza. Iyi mitemo inounzwa nenyika imwe neimwe mumvura yavo yemahombekombe. Kunewo mitemo yekuti ingani uye rudzi rwehove dzaunogona kubata. Vanodanwa quota yehove. Zvinogona kuita sekuti mitemo iyi inodzora huwandu hwehove dzakabatwa, asi chokwadi hapana chakadaro. Uku kuedza kuona kuti ihove ngani dzasara. MuEurope, hove quotas inoshanda seizvi: tora cod uye haddock, semuenzaniso, nekuti vanowanzogara pamwe chete. Kana mambure akakandwa, kana cod yakabatwa, ipapo haddock zvakare. Asi kaputeni dzimwe nguva anovanza kubata kwehaddock zvisiri pamutemo munzvimbo dzakavanda mungarava. Zvingangodaro, hove iyi ichabva yakandwa zvakare mugungwa, asi pane dambudziko rimwe chete, hove iyi inenge yatofa! Sezvingabvira, makumi mana muzana ehove dzakawanda kupfuura dzakatarwa quota dzinofa nenzira iyi. Nehurombo, haingori haddock inotambura nemirairo inopenga, asi chero mhando yehove inobatwa mu quota system. Mumakungwa makuru akazaruka enyika kana kuti munzvimbo dziri mumhenderekedzo yegungwa dzenyika dzine urombo, kubata hove hakudzorwi zvakanaka. Muchokwadi, kune mitemo mishoma yekuti rudzi rwakadaro rwekubata hove rwakaonekwa se BIOMASS HOVE. Neiyi nzira yekubata hove, mambure akatetepa kwazvo anoshandiswa, anobata chisikwa chose chipenyu, hapana kana hove diki kana gakanje inogona kubuda mumambure aya. Anglers muSouth Seas vane nzira itsva uye inonyangadza zvikuru yekubata shark. Zvinoenderana nekuti shark dzakabatwa dzinogurwa zvimbi ichiri mhenyu. Hove dzacho dzinozokandwazve mugungwa kuti dzife nekutya. Izvi zvinoitika kune 100 miriyoni shark gore rega rega, zvese zveshark fin soup inopihwa mumaresitorendi eChinese pasi rese. Imwe nzira yakajairika, iyo inosanganisira kushandiswa purse seine. Iyi seine inofukidza mapoka makuru ehove uye hapana inogona kutiza. Mambure haana kunyanya kukora saka hove diki dzinogona kutsvedza dzichibuda mauri, asi vanhu vakuru vakawanda vanoramba vari mumambure uye avo vanogona kutiza havagoni kubereka nokukurumidza zvakakwana kuti vadzore kurasikirwa. Zvinosuwisa, asi ndiko kuredza uku ndiko uko ma dolphin nedzimwe mhuka dzomugungwa dzinowanzopinda mumambure. Mamwe marudzi ehove, kusanganisira nzira iyo mazana zviredzo yakasungirirwa patambo yokuredza inotambanudzwa kwemakiromita akati kuti. Iyi nzira inoshandiswa pamahombekombe egungwa ane matombo anogona kutyora mambure. Zvinoputika uye zvinhu zvine chepfu, zvakadai semvura inocheneswa, rutivi rworuzivo rwokuredza runouraya mhuka dzakawanda kupfuura hove. Zvichida nzira inoparadza zvikuru yekubata hove iri kushandisa drift network. Mambure akagadzirwa nenaironi nhete asi yakasimba uye anenge asingaonekwe mumvura. Anonzi"rusvingo rworufu“nekuti mhuka dzakawanda kwazvo dzinopinzwa mariri dzofa – ma<em>dolphin, ma<em>whale maduku, seal fur fur, shiri, mwaranzi ne<em>shark. Dzose dzinoraswa nokuti vabati vehove vanongobata tuna. Ma<em>dolphin anoda kusvika miriyoni anofa gore rimwe nerimwe mumambure anokukurwa nemhaka yokuti haakwanisi kukwira pamusoro kuti afeme. Drift mambure ave kushandiswa pasi rese uye, nguva pfupi yadarika, akaonekwa muUK neEurope, uko kureba kwemambure kunofanirwa kunge kusingadarike makiromita maviri neshanu. Munzvimbo dzakavhurika dzePacific neAtlantic Oceans, uko kune kushoma kwekutonga, kureba kwema network kunogona kusvika makumi matatu kana anopfuura makiromita. Dzimwe nguva utava uhwu hunodambuka mukati medutu uye hunoyangarara, huchiuraya nokuremadza mhuka. Pakupedzisira, mambure, achifashukira nezvitunha, anonyura pasi. Mushure mechinguva, miviri inoora uye mambure anokwira kumusoro zvakare kuti aenderere mberi nekuparadzwa nekuparadza kusina musoro. Gore roga roga, zvikepe zvekutengesa hove zvinobata anenge mamiriyoni zana ehove, vazhinji vevanhu vanobatwa havana nguva yekusvika pazera rekukura kwepabonde, saka zviwanikwa zviri mugungwa hazvina nguva yekuzadza. Gore negore mamiriro acho ezvinhu anowedzera kuipa. Nguva iri yose mumwe munhu akaita seUnited Nations Food and Agricultural Organization anoyeuchidzwa nezvokukuvadza kuri kuitwa zvakare, idzi nyevero dzinongofuratirwa. Munhu wose anoziva kuti makungwa ari kufa, asi hapana anoda kuita chero chinhu kuti arege kubata hove, mari yakawandisa inogona kurasikirwa. Kubva pakapera Hondo Yenyika II, nyanza dzakakamurwa kuva 17 nzvimbo dzekuredza. Maererano neSangano Rokurima, mapfumbamwe acho zvino ari mu“kuderera kunoparadza mune mamwe marudzi.” Dzimwe nzvimbo sere dziri mumamiriro ezvinhu akafanana, zvikurukuru nemhaka yokuredza hove. International Council yeChidzidzo cheMakungwa (ICES) - nyanzvi inotungamira pasi rose mumunda wemakungwa nemakungwa - zvakare iri kushushikana zvakanyanya nemamiriro azvino. Iwo mahombe emackerel aigara muNorth Sea iye zvino apera, sekureva kweICES. ICES inonyeverawo kuti mumakore mashanu, imwe yemarudzi akajairika mumakungwa eEurope, cod, ichakurumidza kunyangarika zvachose. Hapana chakaipa pane zvese izvi kana iwe uchida jellyfish, nekuti ivo chete ndivo vanopona. Asi chakatonyanya kuipa ndechekuti kazhinji, mhuka dzinobatwa mugungwa hadzipereri patafura. Anogadzikwa kuita mafetireza kana kugadzirwa bhutsu polish kana makenduru. Anoshandiswawo sechikafu chezvipfuyo zvepapurazi. Unogona kuzvitenda here? Tinobata hove dzakawanda, tinodzigadzira, tinogadzira mapepa uye todzidyisa kune dzimwe hove! Kuti tikure pondo yehove papurazi, tinoda makirogiramu mana ehove dzomusango. Vamwe vanhu vanofunga kuti kurima hove ndiko kugadzirisa dambudziko rekuparara kwemakungwa, asi kunoparadzawo. Mamirioni ehove anovharirwa mumvura dzomumhenderekedzo yegungwa, uye miti yemango inokura mumhenderekedzo yegungwa inotemwa munhamba huru kuti iwane purazi. Munzvimbo dzakadai sePhilippines, Kenya, India neThailand, inopfuura 4 muzana yemasango emango akatotsakatika uye ari kutemwa. Masango eMango anogarwa nemhando dzakasiyana dzehupenyu, zvinopfuura 70 zvirimwa zvakasiyana nemhuka zvinogara mazviri. Ndiko zvakare uko 2000 muzana yehove dzose dzemugungwa dziri panyika dzinoberekera. Mapurazi ehove anoonekwa panzvimbo yeminda yemango anosvibisa mvura, anofukidza pasi pegungwa nemarara ezvokudya netsvina, izvo zvinoparadza upenyu hwose. Hove idzi dzinochengetwa mumatanga akazara vanhu uye dzinobatwa nezvirwere uye dzinopihwa mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene zvakaita se inda dzemugungwa. Makore mashomanana gare gare, mhoteredzo yakasvibiswa zvokuti mapurazi ehove anoendeswa kune imwe nzvimbo, minda yemango inotemwa zvakare. MuNorway neUK, kunyanya mumadziva eFjords neScottish, mapurazi ehove anokura salmon yeAtlantic. Mumamiriro ezvinhu echisikigo, salmon inoshambira yakasununguka kubva kunzizi dzakatetepa dzemakomo kusvika kuAtlantic yakadzika yeGreenland. Hove yacho yakasimba zvokuti inogona kusvetuka mumapopoma kana kushambira ichirwisana nemhepo inomhanya. Vanhu vakaedza kuvharidzira mafungiro aya uye kuchengeta hove idzi dzakawanda zvikuru mumatanga esimbi. Nyaya yekuti makungwa nemakungwa zviri kuderera, vanhu chete ndivo vane mhosva. Chimbofungidzira zvinoitika kushiri, zvisimbiso, ma dolphin nedzimwe mhuka dzinodya hove. Vari kutorwira kurarama, uye remangwana ravo rinoratidzika kuva risina kujeka. Saka pamwe tinofanira kuvasiira hove?