Begonia imba
Begonias ndeimwe yemiti yakakurumbira yemukati. Vanoshamisika nemaumbirwo uye ruvara rwemashizha, mamwe marudzi anotumbuka zvakanaka. Zvisinei, havasi vose vanokwanisa kukura. Nekuti begonias vane zvavanoda

Kusiyana-siyana kwebegonias kunoshamisa: ma botanist anosvika zviuru zana nemakumi matanhatu emarudzi, uye huwandu hwema cultivars aripo iye zvino uye mahybrids haagone kuverengeka (1600). Nzvimbo huru yekugara yeBegonias musango ndiyo inonaya mvura yakawanda yeSouth America neAfrica, pamwe chete nemakomo eAsia.

Vamiriri vekutanga vezvipenyu vakatsanangurwa nemuongorori weFrance Charles Plumier panguva yerwendo kuenda kuzvitsuwa zveAntilles archipelago. Murongi werwendo urwu aiva Michel Begon, mukuru weboka rezvikepe zveFrance muMarseilles, uyo Plumier akatumidza zita rechirimwa chitsva chaakanga awana.

Mutsika, begonia yakakura kubva muzana ramakore rechipiri, kutaridzika kwemhando dzekutanga dzakasanganiswa zvakare ndeyenguva imwe chete. Iko kune kwete yemukati chete, asiwo magadheni emhando dze begonias dzakarimwa muvhu rakavhurika (2).

Mhando dzekamuri begonia

Sezvambotaurwa pamusoro apa, nhamba yemhando, marudzi uye mahybrids e begonia yakakura kwazvo, saka kupatsanurwa kwavo kwakaoma kunyange kune nyanzvi (2). Zvinoenderana nehunhu hwekukura kwechikamu chemuchadenga, begonia mhando dzinogona kukamurwa kuita herbaceous, semi-shrubs uye liana-shaped (ampelous). Zvinoenderana nehunhu hwekuvandudzwa kweiyo midzi - mune rhizomatous uye tuberous. Nekushongedza zvinhu - mumaruva uye mashizha ekushongedza (3). Zviri pachena kuti hazvibviri kunyora marudzi ese emukati begonias pano, saka zvine musoro kutaura chete akajairika.

mashizha ekushongedza

Begonia royal (Begonia rex). Tarisa nemashizha echimiro chisina kujairika chakafanana nemoyo kana chakamonyoroka pachigadziko nenzira ye "snail", yakashama kana zvishoma pubescent. Nehurefu hwechirimwa hunosvika 40 - 50 cm, ndiro yeshizha inogona kusvika kusvika 30 cm kureba uye kusvika 20 cm yakafara, asi mamwe marudzi akaomeswa eiyi begonia anozivikanwa pakati pevarimi vemaruva. Ruvara rwemavara ehumambo begonia mashizha akakura: aya marudzi ese eshanduko yegirinhi, tsvuku, yepepuru, yakashava uye kunyange sirivheri toni, kune begonia marudzi ane anenge matema, ane mavara, ane miganhu mashizha. Kutumbuka kweiyi begonia hakuoneki.

Mhando dzakakurumbira:

  • Kisimusi yakanaka (Kisimusi yakanaka) - neshanduko dzakapfava dzecherry, pink, emerald uye sirivheri toni;
  • Manheru Kupenya (Kupenya kwemanheru) - pakati pemashizha ane ruvara rutsvuku, kumucheto mumvuri unoshanduka kuva sirivha nemuganhu wakasviba mutsvuku;
  • Hozhwa (Escargot) - yakasiyana-siyana isina kujairika ine yakanyatso kutaurwa "snail" chimiro cheshizha, spirally twisted towards the petiole, mumvuri wemashizha unosiyana kubva kune rima rakasvibirira pakati nepakati pemutsara wesirivha wakafara kusvika kugirini-muorivhi pamucheto;
  • Hareruya! (Hareruya) - mashizha echimiro chakanongedza nepakati chinonzi "snail", musimboti uye muganhu weshizha tsvuku-violet, pakati pavo shizha rakasvibirira rine sirivheri splashes;
  • Inka Knight (Inca Night) - yakasiyana-siyana yakajeka nemashizha akajeka eruvara rutsvuku rwakapfuma nemuganhu wakasviba zvikuru.

Begonia Bauera, or ingwe (Begonia bowerae). Compact begonia (kusvika 25 cm) ine mashizha epakati-akakomberedzwa emavara ane mavara, ane pubescence kudivi reshure uye "bvudzi" shoma pamipendero. Miti inokambaira, saka chirimwa chinogona kukura muhari dzakarembera. Maruva haashamisi.

Makoro:

  • Cleopatra (Cleopatra) - ane akanongedza "nyeredzi-yakafanana" mashizha erima rakasvibira ruvara ane inooneka pubescence padivi rekunze, iyo inopa pepa re silvery sheen;
  • ingwe (Tiger) - mashizha akakomberedzwa, ane rima rakasvibira tsinga uye mwenje wakasvibira wakasvibira, chirimwa chacho chakabatana, nhungirwa haawanzo kusvika pakureba kupfuura 15 cm.

Begonia metallic (Begonia metallica). Mashizha akaumbwa nemoyo kana akanongedza eiyi begonia ane ruvara rwakasvibira rwakasvibira ne "metallic" sheen. Iyo yakanyanya compact mhando ye begonia ine nhungirwa dzinenge 10 cm kureba.

Red Begonia, kana Fista (Begonia erythrophylla). "Mbuya's" begonia yechitarisiko chinonyatso zivikanwa ine denderedzwa, yakatsetseka kana zvishoma yakaunyana mashizha anopenya padense petioles. Reverse side remashizha rinopenya, rakasviba pink kana tsvuku. Kureba kwechirimwa kunosvika 25 cm, hupamhi hunowanzo hukuru kupfuura hurefu.

Kutumbuka

coral begonia (Begonia corallina). Iyo yakakura shrub-mhando begonia, inosvika pakureba 90-100 cm. Mashizha ane oval-pointed, green, ane madiki madiki. Rudzi urwu rwebegonia runotumbuka zvinoyevedza nemaruva madiki epingi kana matsvuku mumasumbu anonyura akasimba e inflorescences. Kune marudzi mashoma, kune marudzi eiyi begonia ane jagged mashizha, semuenzaniso, Mutungamiri Carnot.

Begonia, evergreen (Begonia semperflorens). Shrub inosvika 60 cm yakakwirira ine maruva akawanda uye akareba kwazvo, mumamiriro ezvinhu emukamuri inogona kugara rinenge gore rose. Mashizha acho ari pakati nepakati, akakomberedzwa, maruva ari maviri, mumhando dzakasiyana dzepiniki uye tsvuku, dzimwe nguva machena. Kune akawanda emhando uye mahybrids eiyi begonia, kune akaomesesa ane maruva akakura. Zviri nani kusiyanisa marudzi anozivikanwa zvikuru eiyi begonia nekuda kwehukuru hwavo hwakakura; mahybrids matsva anoonekwa chaizvo gore rega rega.

begonia elatior, or chando (Begonia x elatior). Izvi zvinomera dzimwe nguva zvinonzi zvisizvo sezvipenyu zvakasiyana, asi chokwadi Elatior iboka re hybrid begonias yemhando isina kunyatsojeka. Iyi yakasiyana-siyana yemaruva begonias ndeimwe yeanonyanya kufarirwa pakati pevarimi vemaruva uye vapfuri, iyo inosiyanisa chimiro kugona kuputika munguva yechando. Kureba kwechirimwa chevakuru kunosvika masendimita makumi matatu (dzimwe nguva kusvika masendimita makumi mana), inoumba gwenzi rakaomeswa rechimiro che "bouquet". Maruva acho ari pakati nepakati, asi akawanda kwazvo, zvichienderana nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana, anosiyana kubva kune nyore kusvika kune yakapetwa kaviri. Mimvuri yemaruva inopenya uye yakasiyana-siyana, kwete chete begonias nemaruva e toni inotonhora yebhuruu. Unogona kuwana marudzi eElatior begonia ane bicolor kana maruva ane muganhu.

ampelous begonia, or akarembera (Begonia pendula). Kunyatsotaura, iyi haisi mhuka, asi zita reboka reboka re begonias rine nhungirwa dzakarembera, dzakakura muhari uye mabhasikiti akarembera. Kazhinji kazhinji idzi ndidzo begonias ine tuberous midzi system. Ampel begonias anosiyana zvakanyanya muchimiro uye mumvuri wemashizha nemaruva, maruva anowanzo chena, tsvuku, pink uye yero, akanyura, ari kumagumo enhungirwa. Inonakidza siyana series Cascade, iyo inosanganisira miti ine maruva maviri.

Kutarisira kamuri begonia kumba

Kuoma kwekutarisira begonias kunogona kusiyana zvichienderana nemhando. Izvo zviri nyore kukura ndeyeumambo begonia, Bauer begonia, red-leaved begonia, everflowering begonia uye begonia elatior.

Ground

Ivhu reBegonias rinofanira kuva rine hutano, rakasununguka, rine zvishoma acidic reaction uye mvura yakanaka uye mhepo inopera. Vane ruzivo varimi vemaruva vanotenda kuti zvinodiwa zvevhu zvakasiyana mumaruva, zvishongo uye tuberous begonias.

Paunenge uchitenga ivhu rakagadzirirwa-rakagadzirwa remhando yekushongedza uye inodonha, zviri nani kusarudza imwe yakasarudzika yakagadzirirwa yakananga begonias. Miti yemaruva inogonawo kudyarwa mairi, asi zviri nani kutarisa yakakosha kuumbwa kwemaruva begonias kana kune mamwe maruva anomera ane zvinodiwa zvakafanana zvemaitiro evhu. Kune tuberous begonias, ivhu rekudya kune maruva eimba yeimba yakakodzera, uko perlite kana vermiculite inogona kuwedzerwa.

Paunenge uchitenga, teerera kuumbwa kwemusanganiswa wevhu: zvinodikanwa kuti ine biohumus, vermiculite, micro uye macro elements.

Lighting

Begonia inofarira mwenje wakajeka wakajeka pasina zuva rakananga, iro rinogona kupisa mashizha akapfava. Kune inotumbuka begonias uye yekushongedza deciduous marudzi ane mashizha akajeka, mwenje wakajeka unofanirwa. Metallic, redleaf, uye coral begonias inoshivirira mumwe mumvuri. Mamiriro eElatior begonias anonakidza: anotumbuka chete mushure memaawa emasikati akaderedzwa kusvika maawa 9 - ndicho chikonzero ivo vanowanzotumbuka mumwaka unotonhora. Kuti maruva ave akareba, mushure mekugadzirwa kwemashizha zvakakosha zvikuru kuti usafambisa chirimwa - kuchinja kwechiedza (kusvika pakona yezviitiko zvechiedza chechiedza) kunotungamirira pakuora kwemaruva.

unyoro

Begonias inoda mhepo ine hunyoro ine mwero. Mumwaka wekudziya (kana pasina kupisa kwemazuva mazhinji), mwero wekunyorova muimba inofefetera wakakwana kwairi. Munguva yechando, mhepo yemukati inowanzooma nekuda kwekupisa zvishandiso, saka begonias inoda humwe hunyoro. Iyo yakanakisa sarudzo ikamuri humidifier. Kana isingawanikwe, poto yebegonia inogona kuiswa mutireyi ine ivhu rakawedzerwa rakanyorova, hurungudo, moss, jecha, kana zvimwe zvakafanana. Muzviitiko zvakanyanyisa, chigadziko chakakura, chakaderera chemvura chinokodzerawo, icho chinofanira kuiswa pedyo nehari ye begonia.

Chenjerera: kupfapfaidza begonias haina kukurudzirwa, izvi zvinotungamira kune mavara pamashizha.

Kudiridza

Kunyatsogadzirisa kudiridza ndiro dambudziko guru mukutarisira begonias. Ivo vanoda unyoro, asi kudonha kwemvura kunokurumidza kutungamirira mukuora kwemidzi. Overdrying zvakare ine ngozi kwavari, saka kuchengetedza unyoro hwevhu hwakanyanya kwakakosha.

Muzhizha, begonias inodiridzwa zvakanyanya kanenge kaviri pavhiki, mukupisa kwakanyanya vanowedzera kuwanda, asi kwete kuwanda kwekudiridza. Pakati pemvura, ivhu riri muhari rinofanira kuoma, asi kwete kuoma zvachose (izvi zvinogona kuongororwa nekupinza munwe wako muvhu: pakadzika kudzika kunofanira kunge kwatove kunyorova).

Munguva yechando, kuwanda uye kuwanda kwekudiridza kune mazhinji begonias angangoita hafu. Kune Elatior begonias, panguva yekutumbuka, iyo yakajairika mwero wehunyoro hwevhu inochengetedzwa, uye mushure mekutumbuka, kudiridza kunoderedzwa kuitira kuti ivhu riome zvachose, asi harina kuoma zvachose. Tuberous begonias ine nguva yakataurwa yakarara munguva yechando haidiridzwa zvachose kana kupotsa. Paunenge uchidiridza tuberous begonias, ita shuwa kuti mvura haidonhe zvakananga pane tuber.

Mvura yekudiridza begonias inofanira kudziya uye nguva dzose yakagadzikana. Kana mvura yepombi munharaunda yako ine lime yakawanda, izvi zvinogona kutungamirira ku alkalization yevhu mu begonia pots, saka zvinokurudzirwa kuti dzimwe nguva uwedzere madonhwe mashomanana e citric acid kumvura yekudiridza.

Nguva yakanakisisa yekudiridza begonias iri mangwanani. Mumwaka unodziya, vanogona kudiridzwa manheru, asi kwete masikati, mukupisa.

Begonias inobatsirwa kubva panguva nenguva kusunungurwa kwevhu mushure mekudiridza - izvi zvinovandudza kupinda kwemhepo kumidzi. Chero mvura inopinda mupani inodonhedzwa pakarepo.

fertilizer

Zvakanakisisa kushandisa fetiraiza yemvura yakakosha ye begonias - ine chiyero chakaringana chinokodzera chirimwa ichi. Iwe unogona zvakare kushandisa mafetiraiza akagadzirirwa kushongedza mashizha uye maruva emumba.

Fertilizer ine nitrogen yakawanda inokodzera chete begonias ine mashizha ekushongedza, sezvo ichibatsira pakuumbwa kwegirinhi yakawanda. Blooming begonias inoda zvinyorwa zvine huwandu hwakawanda hwe phosphorus uye potassium. Kune maruva begonias, kunyanya Elatior, unogona kushandisa mafetiraiza akareba, akadai semapiritsi kana matanda.

Kudyisa

Begonias inodyiswa panguva yekukura kwekushanda, kubva muna Kubvumbi kusvika pakupera kwaSeptember, kamwe chete pavhiki imwe chete, kushandisa fetiraiza yemvura pamwe nekudiridza. Elatior begonias inogona kudyiswa zvishoma zvishoma kazhinji - 1 nguva muvhiki imwe. Begonias inotumbuka munguva yechando inodyiswa panguva ino nehuwandu hwe2 nguva pamwedzi, mushure memaruva, kudya kunomiswa.

Sezvo kune akawanda marudzi ebegonias, kurudziro yakajairika inogona kusaenderana neruva rako, saka zviri nani kutanga kupfeka pamusoro nedosage ye1/2 yeinokurudzirwa. Nekuwandisa kwenitrogen, maruva begonias anoumba mashizha akawanda, asi buds haana kusungwa.

Kupwanya, blanching uye kudonha kubva pamashizha ane hutano, kudonha munguva yekukura kwekushanda, kufa kwemabuds kunogona kuratidza kushomeka kwekudya. Tarisa zvidyarwa zvako uye gadzirisa madosi uye masheji ekuisa fetereza zvichienderana nemamiriro avo.

Trimming

Mugwenzi begonias, zvinokurudzirwa kupinza misoro yezviputi - izvi zvinokubvumira kuti uite gwenzi rakasvibirira.

Maruva begonias anoda kugurwa mashanga emaruva mushure mekutumbuka. Elatior begonias inopinda munguva yakarara mushure mekutumbuka, uye varimi vazhinji vemaruva vanodzidzira kuchekerera kwakakura kwenhungirwa dzese dzinotangazve mushure mekunge chirimwa chapinda mumwaka wekukura.

Miti yekare yemhando dzakawanda dze begonia inowanzova isina mashizha, kurasikirwa nemashizha, saka zvinokurudzirwa kuvabvisa.

Nezvinangwa zvehutsanana, mashizha akaoma uye akakuvadzwa uye mashizha anobviswa kubva kumarudzi ose e begonias.

Kuberekwa kwekamuri begonias kumba

Ruva rwebegonia rinopararira nyore nyore - nekucheka, nekuparadzanisa makwenzi uye tubers, nekudzura mashizha. Unogona kukura begonias kubva kumbeu, asi mhodzi dzemuunganidzwa wako kazhinji hadzina kukodzera izvi: iyo yakanakisa begonias inowanzova neyakasanganiswa mabviro, uye mumahybrids, zvirimwa zvemwanasikana zvakakura kubva kumbeu hazvigari nhaka yevabereki.

Cuttings. Iyo iri nyore uye iri nyore nzira, kunyanya sezvo iwe uchigona kushandisa marara kubva kune begonia kuchekerera yakagadzirwa muchirimo uye kutanga kwezhizha.

Kucheka kunogona kuwanikwa kubva kune chero chikamu chepfuti, chinhu chikuru ndechokuti vane zvishoma 2 - 3 nodes. Mashizha, kunze kweapamusoro, anobviswa, gunde rinoiswa mugirazi remvura pane tembiricha yekamuri uye rinochengetwa munzvimbo ine mwero inodziya uye ine chiedza chakanaka. Mushure mokunge midzi yaonekwa, begonia inosimwa muvhu.

Iwe unogona kudzura cuttings zvakananga muvhu. Kuti uite izvi, chikamu chezasi chekucheka chakasvibiswa nemidzi yekugadzira stimulator (somuenzaniso, Kornevin), ipapo kucheka kunoiswa mune substrate yakanyorova. Chigadziko chacho chakafukidzwa nebhegi kana plastiki yakajeka uye inochengetwa munzvimbo inodziya, inopenya, nguva nenguva ichifefetera uye, kana zvichidikanwa, kunyorovesa ivhu. Chiratidzo chokuti kucheka kwatora midzi ndiko kuonekwa kwemashizha maduku. Mushure meizvi, chifukidziro chinobviswa, simiti inotarisirwa semazuva ose.

Nezvikamu. Kudzidzira gwenzi uye tuberous begonias, inogona kusanganiswa nechirimo transplant. Kupatsanurwa kunobatsira zvakanyanya kune akakura uye achembera begonia maruva, ayo anobva avandudzwa.

Muti wacho wakanyatsobviswa kubva muhari, midzi inocheneswa kubva pasi kana, kana zvichidiwa, yakashambidzwa zvishoma. Iyo rhizome inochekwa nemudziyo wakapinza wakaita sterilized kuti chikamu chimwe nechimwe ive nenhamba yakaenzana yenhungirwa yakasimba. Iyo yakachekwa inosaswa ne activated carbon kana huni ash. Delenki inodyarwa muhari.

Iyo tekinoroji yekuparadzanisa tekinoroji inenge yakafanana: iyo tuber inochekwa kuitira kuti chikamu chimwe nechimwe ive nemabukira ane hutano, kucheka kunobvumirwa kuoma uye kusaswa nemarasha kana madota. Mushure meizvi, delenki inodyarwa muvhu uye inochengetwa munzvimbo inodziya, yakajeka, yakachengetedzwa kubva kune zuva rakananga.

Shizha. Iyo nzira yakanyatsokodzera begonias ine pfupi kana isina kutaurwa.

Shizha rekuparadzira rinogurwa nechikamu chepetiole uye rinoiswa mugirazi remvura, rinoshandurwa zuva rega rega. Mushure mokunge midzi yaonekwa, shizha rinodyarwa muvhu - richapa kumera kwese.

Sheet zvikamu. Imwe nzira yakaoma uye isingawanzo kubudirira, asi inokutendera iwe kuti uwane akati wandei zvirimwa kubva pashizha rimwe kamwechete.

Shizha rinochekwa uye tsinga dzinochekwa kudivi reshure kana kupatsanurwa kuita zvikamu-zvikamu kuitira kuti chimwe nechimwe chazvo ive nerengi rimwechete uye 2 kana kupfuura tsinga dzakachinjika. Chikamu chezasi chine longitudinal vein chakavigwa mujecha rakanyorova, mudziyo wakafukidzwa nechivharo chakajeka uye unochengetwa munzvimbo inodziya, inopenya, nguva nenguva ichifefetera. Ivhu, kana zvichidikanwa, rakanyoroveswa nebhodhoro respray.

Rooting inogona kutora kusvika kumwedzi mitatu. Miti midiki inowanikwa nenzira iyi inokura zvishoma nezvishoma pakutanga.

Kusimwa imba begonias kumba

Begonias inowanzosimwa mukutanga kwechirimo, zvidyarwa zvevanhu vakuru zvine kushingaira kukura zvinoda kuiswa kamwe pagore. Zvirimwa zvakadyarwa mumapoto makuru kana zvirimwa zvinononoka kukura zvinogona kuisirwa kamwe chete pamakore 1. Elatior begonias inosimwa mushure mekupera kwemaruva, apo simiti inopinda munguva yakarara.

Chiratidzo chekuda kuisirwa midzi inobuda mumakomba emvura yehari. Makwenzi akakura zvakanyanya uye ekare panguva yekudyarwa anokurudzirwa kukamurwa.

Poto itsva yeruva begonia inofanira kuva 2 - 3 cm yakakura kupfuura yapfuura. Midzi yeBegonias yakawanda inonzwisisika, saka zvinokurudzirwa kuendesa zvirimwa kune mudziyo mutsva, uchichengeta chikamu chakakosha chevhu - ivo vanongozunza zvinyoro-nyoro pasi kubva pairi.

Zvine musoro kugeza midzi kana midzi yaora ichifungidzirwa. Iyo yakashambidzwa midzi inoongororwa, midzi yese yakakanganisika uye yakaora inobviswa, yobva yanyoroveswa kweinenge awa mupiniki mhinduro ye potassium permanganate. Usati wadyara mumudziyo mutsva, midzi inoomeswa zvishoma.

Kana uchidyara, hazvibviri kudzika midzi yemutsipa we begonias uye kusimbisa zvakasimba ivhu. Mushure mekudyara, simiti inodzoserwa kunzvimbo yayo yenguva dzose, inopiwa nekudiridza kwakawanda nguva dzose uye kudzivirirwa kubva kuzuva rakananga.

Zvirwere zvekamuri begonia

Root kuora. Ichi chirwere chemukati begonias chinokonzerwa nepathogenic fungi uye muhuwandu hwezviitiko zvinokonzerwa nekudiridza zvakanyanya. Zviratidzo zvechirwere ndeye begonias kumira mukukura uye kufa kwemashizha mumiti yose. Iwe unogona kunyatsoona kuti begonia inorwara nemidzi yakaora, iwe unogona kungoibvisa kubva muhari.

Midzi yakakanganiswa yakasvibiswa, ine usimbe, inoparadzaniswa nyore nyore kubva pachirimwa. Kana chikamu chimwe chete chemidzi chinokanganisa, midzi yose inorwara inobviswa, midzi yemidzi yakanyoroveswa mune fungicide solution: Vitaros, Oksihom, Alirin-B, Ordan (4), etc. Zvadaro simiti inosimwa muvhu idzva.

Nekukundwa kwakasimba, hazvigoneke kuti zvichave zvichiita kuchengetedza begonia, unogona kuedza kudzura midzi kubva pairi.

Grey muforoma. Iyo inonyanya kukanganisa chikamu chemuchadenga chechirimwa, ine njodzi zvakanyanya kana begonia ruva rinochengetwa mumamiriro ekupisa uye hunyoro. Zviratidzo zve grey kuora "mvura" greyish mavara pamashizha uye petioles. Nokufamba kwenguva, mavara anowedzera, anova slimy, zvikamu zvezvirimwa zvinofa.

Pakuonekwa kwegrey kuora, zvikamu zvose zvakakanganiswa zvechirimwa zvinobviswa pakarepo, begonia inorapwa nemhangura-based fungicides: Hom, Oxyhom, Bordeaux musanganiswa 1% (4).

Powdery mildew. Ichi chirwere cheBegonia chinokura muhunyoro hwepamusoro uye kazhinji chinounzwa kubva kune dzimwe zvirimwa. Chiratidzo chechirwere chimiro chakanyanya hunhu hwehupfu pamashizha uye / kana zvimwe zvikamu zvechirimwa.

Kuti urwise powdery mildew, shandisa mhangura-ine fungicides yakataurwa pamusoro apa, kana mhinduro ye colloidal sulfure pamusangano we 0,3 - 0,5%.

Vascular bacteriosis. Chirwere ichi chinozviratidza nekutsvuka uye kusviba kwemashizha, kutanga kubva kumucheto. Chinhu chakanyanya hunhu kusviba uye kufa kwetsinga dzeshizha.

Mukutanga kwechirwere, chirimwa chinogona kuponeswa nekubvisa zvikamu zvakakanganisika uye kurapa chirimwa nefungicides. Nekukuvadza kwakasimba, zviri nani kubvisa begonia inorwara.

ring nzvimbo. Chirwere chakaipisisa chekamuri begonia. Zviratidzo - mavara eyero uye mashava echimiro chakatenderedzwa, kazhinji ane nzvimbo dzenecrosis pakati. Mashizha anogona kutora tint dzvuku.

Chirwere ichi chine hutachiona, saka hapana mushonga wazvo. Chirimwa chine chirwere chinofanira kuraswa nekukurumidza kuti chisatapurira zvimwe.

Room begonia zvipembenene

Aphid. Izvi zvipembenene zvidiki zvisina mapapiro zvakasvibira zvinoonekwa nemeso. Zviratidzo zvekukuvara kwezvipembenene kune begonias blanching uye kufa kwemashizha.

Izvo zvakanyanya nyore kurwisa hove nerubatsiro rweyakakosha sipo yakasvibira, muzviitiko zvakanyanyisa, unogona kushandisa sipo yemumba. Dzimwe nguva infusion yefodya inoshandiswa kumba. Pakati peagrochemical agents yeaphid, Actellik kana Fitoverm inoshandiswa (4).

whitefly. Chipembenene chine mapapiro jena chine muviri kureba kusvika 2 mm. Zviratidzo zvehutachiona zvakafanana nezvema aphids.

Nzira dzekutonga dzakafanana: kushambidza chirimwa nesipo yakasvibirira (2-3 nguva nechinguva chemazuva akawanda) kana kugadzirira kwezvipembenene: Actellik, Fitoverm (4).

Spider mite. Chipembenene chinowanzoitika che begonias uye zvimwe zvirimwa zvemukati, izvo zvinozviratidza nekunetesa mashizha uye hunhu hwedandemutande pamativi akasiyana echirimwa.

Kubva kumadandemutande, mishonga yakafanana inoshandiswa kubva kune hove uye whiteflies, Kleshchevit yakazviratidza zvakanaka (4).

Nhoo yenhema. Zvipembenene zvakakura zvebegonia kusvika ku 4 mm muhukuru zvinoonekwa nyore nyore sezvitsva zvakasvibirira - "nhovo" dzakasungirirwa pamashizha, kazhinji kudivi reshure.

Begonias ine dense mashizha mashoma anogona kubviswa nemuchina kubva kune tupukanana: chirimwa chinogezwa nesipo yakasvibira, kuchenesa zvipembenene nebhurashi rezino rakapfava. Kana chironda chakanyanya kana begonia ine mashizha manyoro inotapukirwa, simiti inofanira kurapwa neAktellik kana Aktara (4) maererano nemirayiridzo.

Thrips. Chipembenene chine njodzi chemukati begonias uye zvimwe zvirimwa ipembenene ine mapapiro inosvika 2 mm kureba. Vanhu vakuru vatema kana kusviba, makonye ane orenji.

Kubva kune thrips, nzira dzakafanana dzinoshandiswa kubva kune zvidzitiro zvenhema, uye ivhu riri muhari rinofanirwa kurapwa. Iine thrips infestation yakasimba, zvine musoro kuisa begonia muvhu nyowani.

Mibvunzo nemhinduro dzakakurumbira

Takakurukura nezvematambudziko ekukura begonias agronomist-breeder Svetlana Mikhailova.

Ungasarudza sei indoor begonia?
Begonias inotengwa zvakanyanya kubva kune zvakakosha zvitoro zvemumba kana nzvimbo dzebindu. Paunenge uchitenga begonia muchitorosi, ita shuwa kuti ivhu riri muhari harina mvura, kuti hapana zviratidzo zvekuora kana zviratidzo zvezvipembenene pane petioles nemashizha.

Zviri nani kusarudza pamusoro pemhando uye zvakasiyana-siyana zve begonia usati watenga uye kubatanidza zvinodikanwa zvechirimwa nekukwanisa kwayo kuzvitarisira.

Nzira yekutarisira kamuri begonia mushure mekutenga?
Pakarepo sarudza nzvimbo isingagumi ye begonia iyo ichakura. Shanduko yenzvimbo inoshungurudza chirimwa, saka pakutanga haufanirwe kuchikanganisa, rega kuidyara zvakare. Chengeta begonias ichidziya zvine mwero pasina dhizaini uye mvura nguva nenguva.
Imhando ipi yehari inodiwa mukamuri begonia?
Kune akawanda marudzi e begonias, unoda compact, poto yakaderera yakagadzirwa kubva kune zvakasikwa zvinhu. Paunenge uchidyara, dhayamita yehari itsva inofanira kuva 2-3 cm yakakura kudarika dhayamita yevhu revhu, uye dhizaini yemvura inofanira kuiswa pasi pehari.
Indoor begonia inotumbuka here?
Kushongedza maruva emhando uye marudzi anorimwa chaizvo nekuda kwekunaka kwemaruva. Mashizha anoshongedza anotumbukawo, asi maruva awo madiki uye haaoneki, kunyangwe vamwe varimi vemaruva vanowana imwe runako mavari.
Sei mukamuri begonia mashizha akaoma?
Kana isu tisingatauri nezvezvipembenene nezvirwere, saka chikonzero chacho hachina kukwana kudiridza, mhepo yakaoma kana hypothermia yemiti.

Kazhinji chikonzero chekufa kwemashizha kupiswa nezuva, kunyanya muzhizha, mukupisa.

Kushaikwa kwekudya kunovaka muviri kunogonawo kuita basa kana begonia isingadyiwi kana kuitwa kashoma. Iwe unogonawo kufungidzira kushayikwa kwezvokudya nekupwanya mashizha.

Sei mukamuri begonia mashizha achishanduka yero?
Kazhinji kazhinji nokuda kwezvikonzero zvakanyorwa pamusoro apa. Dzimwe nguva kuchena kwemashizha kunokonzerwa nekuti begonia inodiridzwa nemvura inotonhora kana yakaoma ine yakawanda yeraimu.
Sei begonia ichitambanudzira?
Kurebesa, nhungirwa dzakatetepa uye dzakacheneruka, zvisingawanzo kuparadzaniswa mashizha chiratidzo chekushaikwa kwakanyanya kwechiedza, kuchekerera zvisina kufanira kana kuchembera kwechirimwa. Begonia inofanira kuchengetwa muchiedza chakajeka chakapararira uye kupinza misoro yenhungirwa. "Kukura" nhungirwa dzinowanzove dzisina uye dzinopa mashizha madiki, saka kutaridzika kwemapfuti akadaro chiratidzo chekuti yave nguva yekuparadzanisa nekudyara begonia.

Zvitubu zve

  1. Catalog of the plant collection of the Central Botanical Garden of the Siberian Branch of the Academy of Sciences http://www.csbg.nsc.ru/catalog/kollektsiya-tropicheskih-i-subtropicheskih-rastenij.html
  2. Tamberg TG, Ovchinnikov Yu. A. Begonia. // L.: Lenizdat, 1989
  3. Hession DG Zvese nezvezvirimwa zvemukati // M .: Kladez-Buks, 2005
  4. State catalog yemishonga yezvipembenene uye agrochemicals inotenderwa kushandiswa munharaunda yeFederation kubva munaChikunguru 6, 2021 // Ministry of Agriculture yeFederation.
  5. https://mcx.gov.ru/ministry/departments/departament-rastenievodstva-mekhanizatsii-khimizatsii-i-zashchity-rasteniy/industry-information/info-gosudarstvennaya-usluga-po-gosudarstvennoy-registratsii-pestitsidov-i-agrokhimikatov/

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