Beluga hove: chitarisiko, uremu, pekugara, kuchengetedza mamiriro

Beluga ndiyo hove huru inogona kuwanikwa mumvura yepasi redu. Zvinoenderana nedata repamutemo, kureba kwayo kunogona kusvika 4,5 metres uye kurema kusvika 1500 makirogiramu. Kunyangwe, pane humbowo hwekuti vakabata beluga 2 times hombe. Chero zvazvingaitika, data rakadaro rinoratidza kuti beluga ndiye mumiriri mukuru wemhuri yesturgeon.

Munguva yedu, zviyero zvakadaro chimwe chinhu kubva munzvimbo yekufungidzira. Sezvo mutemo, vanhu vanosangana nehuremu husingapfuuri 300 kilograms, izvo zvinoratidza mamwe matambudziko ane chokuita nehupenyu hwehupenyu hwehombe iyi yenzizi nemakungwa.

Tsanangudzo yeBeluga

Habitat

Asati anopfuura makore zana apfuura, hofori iyi yakawanikwa mumabheseni eCaspian, Black, Azov uye Adriatic makungwa. Mazuva ano, inogona kuwanikwa chete muGungwa Dzvuku, kana kuti muRwizi rweDanube, uyewo muGungwa reCaspian, chete muUrals. Mubheseni reGungwa reU100buXNUMXbAzov, uye kunyanya muRwizi rweVolga, imwe yemhando dzebeluga inowanikwa, iyo nhamba inochengetedzwa zvisirizvo.

Sezvo nyika zhinji dziri kuita zvekuberekesa hove, huwandu hwebeluga hahusati hwaderera mumitumbi yemvura yeAzerbaijan, Bulgaria, Serbia neTurkey. Uye izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuti matanho ekudzorera nhamba yehove iyi inotora nzvimbo inokosha mukugadzirisa matambudziko akadaro. Chete padanho rehurumende zvinokwanisika kugadzirisa matambudziko akaoma kudaro.

Kuonekwa

Kuonekwa kwebeluga kunoyeuchidza kufanana kwayo nesturgeon marudzi ehove. Zvinosiyanisa zvinhu zvinosanganisira:

• Muromo wakakura zvakanaka.
• Kwete mhino huru yakagomara.
• Yekutanga spike, iri kumashure, idiki.
• Pakati pemagill pane membrane inoabatanidza.

Beluga inosiyaniswa nehupamhi, muviri unorema wechimiro chakatenderedzwa, icho chakapendwa mugrey-ash hue. Dumbu racho rakachena-ruvara, dzimwe nguva rine ruvara rweyero. Pamuviri muhombe pane musoro muhombe. Ndebvu dziri pasi pemhino dzakafanana nemashizha anenge akabatanidzwa.

Beluga dzimwe nguva inopindirana nehama dzayo, senge sterlet, spike, Russian sturgeon. Nekuda kweizvozvo, mahybrids anowanikwa kunze ane mimwe misiyano ine chekuita nechimiro chemuviri, gill kana ruvara. Zvisinei neizvi, mahybrids haana kusiyana pamaitiro avo kubva kuhama dzavo.

Maitiro

Beluga ihove ine maitiro akasiyana pakati pevamiriri vemhando iyi. Kune mafomu maviri anosiyana panguva yekutama kutama uye nguva yekugara mumvura yakachena. Mugungwa, beluga inofarira kutungamirira mararamiro ega, uye iri murwizi, inounganidza mumapoka akawanda. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuti anouya kunzizi kuzoberekesa, uye mugungwa anodya chete uye anokura.

dhayeti

Beluga ihove inodya uye inotanga kutungamira nzira iyi yehupenyu kare kare. Kudya kunosanganisira hove dzakadai seherring, carp, zander uye gobies. Panguva imwe cheteyo, beluga hairambi kumedza hama yayo kana iri duku uye ichizengurira pane imwe nzvimbo.

Mukuwedzera kune hove, anokwanisa kumedza mollusks, shiri dzemvura uye kunyange zvisimbiso zvecheche kana akasvika pakukura kwakakodzera. Nyanzvi dzakasvika pakugumisa kuti kutama kwebeluga kunobatanidza nekutama kwekudya kwayo.

Kubereka

Imwe ye subspecies inobereka pamberi peimwe. Nguva yekubereka kwayo inopindirana nehuwandu hwemvura yemvura munzizi. Panguva imwecheteyo, tembiricha yemvura inogona kusvika + 8- + 17 degrees. Imwe subspecies inouya kuzobereka kubva kumakungwa kumwe mumwedzi waNyamavhuvhu. Mushure meizvozvo, vanhu vanorara mumakomba akadzika, uye vanotanga kubereka muchirimo. Beluga inotanga kubereka pazera remakore 15-17, mushure mokunge yasvika pahuremu hunenge 50 kg.

Beluga inobereka pakadzika kwemamita gumi. Panguva imwecheteyo, anosarudza nzvimbo dzine dombo rakaoma pasi uye nekukurumidza ikozvino, iyo inopa nzvimbo yekuberekesa neokisijeni.

Hove dzinogara mumakungwa dzinopinda munzizi kuti dzibereke, nokudaro dzinonzi dzinotama. Ari mumvura yakachena, anoramba achidya achishingaira. Mushure mokubereka, pakarepo fry inooneka kubva kumazai, inodzokera kugungwa navo. Beluga inouya kuzobereka kamwe chete makore 2-3. Panguva imwecheteyo, kune mhuka inogara munzizi nguva dzose uye haifambi nekufamba kwenguva refu.

Hove dzekutengesa

Munguva pfupi yapfuura, beluga yaive yekufarira kwemaindasitiri uye yakabatwa nekumhanya kukuru. Nemhaka yeizvi, rudzi rwakafanana rwehove rwakanga rwava pedyo nokutsakatika.

Sezvo hove iyi inganyangarika zvachose, kubata kwayo kwakaganhurirwa zvikuru munyika dzose dzepasi. Mune dzimwe nyika, zvinorambidzwa kuibata zvachose. Beluga yakanyorwa muRed Book serudzi rwuri pedyo nekutsakatika. Mune dzimwe nyika, zvinotenderwa kuibata pasi perezinesi yakakosha uye chete nechinangwa chekutsvaga kwesainzi. Hove iyi inobatwa nemambure akaiswa kana kuti akaiswa rafted.

beluga caviar

Beluga black caviar ndiyo inonyanya kudhura chikafu chigadzirwa nhasi. Mutengo waro unogona kusvika zviuru zveeuro pakirogiramu. Iyo caviar inowanikwa mumisika ingave yekunyepedzera kana kuwanikwa zvisiri pamutemo.

Inonakidza Beluga Chokwadi

1. Beluga inogona kurarama kwemakore anopfuura 100, ndicho chikonzero ichionekwa seimwe yehove dzinogara kwenguva refu pasi rose.
2. Vabereki havana hanya nevana vavo. Uyezve, havana basa nemabiko ehama dzavo.
3. Beluga painobereka, inosvetuka kubva mumvura. Kusvikira ikozvino, ichi ndicho chakavanzika chisina kugadziriswa.
4. Beluga, kufanana neshaki, haina mapfupa, uye skeleton yayo ine cartilage, iyo nekufamba kwemakore inova yakaoma uye yakasimba.
5. Mukadzi anogona kuwana caviar yakawanda. Saka, munhu anorema anenge 1200 kg anogona kusvika 150 kg ye caviar.
6. MuRwizi rweAmur, kune mhando yepedyo - kaluga, inogona kusvika kureba inenge mamita mashanu uye inorema kusvika 5 kg. Kuedza kwemasayendisiti kuyambuka Kaluga neBeluga kwakapera pasina.

Ona nyaya dzekuchengetedza

Sekureva kwemasayendisiti, huwandu hwebeluga hwadzikira ne90% mumakore makumi mashanu apfuura. Nokudaro, zvichibva pamigumisiro yekutsvakurudza kwakadaro, tinogona kufunga kuti izvi hazvisi zvachose mhedzisiro inonyaradza. Kare pakati pezana remakore rapfuura, vanhu vanenge zviuru makumi maviri neshanu vakapinda muVolga kuti vabereke, uye kare pakutanga kwezana remakore rino nhamba iyi yakaderedzwa kusvika 50 zviuru.

Uyezve, maitiro ese aya anoitika zvichipesana nekuedza kukuru kuri kuitwa nevanhu kuitira kuchengetedza huwandu hwemarudzi pamwero mumwe chete. Zvikonzero zvikuru zvekuderedzwa kwenhamba ndezvizvi:

1. Kuvakwa kwemagetsi emagetsi emagetsi. Kuvapo kwemadhamu makuru hakubvumiri hove kuti dzikwire kunzvimbo dzadzo dzekuzvarwa nadzo. Zvivako zvakadaro zvakacheka nzira dzekufamba kwebeluga munzizi dzeAustria, Croatia, Hungary neSlovakia.
2. mabasa evanovhima zvisiri pamutemo. Mitengo yakakwira zvakakwana yenyama yehove iyi necaviar yayo inofarira vanhu vakajaira kuwana mari zvisiri pamutemo. Sezvo vachibata vanhu vakuru vanokwanisa kubereka vana vakawanda, kukuvara kwacho kwakakosha. Somugumisiro wezviito zvakadaro, vanhu veAdriatic vakanyangarika zvachose.
3. Kutyorwa kweecology. Sezvo beluga inogona kurarama kwenguva yakareba, panguva ino zvinhu zvinokuvadza zvinoungana mumuviri wake zvinopinda mumvura semugumisiro wemabasa evanhu, zvakadai semishonga yezvipembenene. Mhando iyi yemakemikari inokanganisa mabasa ekubereka ehove.

Munhu anogona kungotarisira kuti vanhu vachiri kukwanisa kuchengetedza rudzi urwu rwehove, iyo yakakura muhukuru, kune vana vavo.