Bilharzia, inowanzonzi schistosomiasis, chirwere cheparasitic chinobata nzvimbo dzinopisa nedzinopisa, zvikuru muAfrica. Inokonzerwa nemakonye eparasitic uye inogona kukonzera utachiona hwakanyanya uye kuremara kwakanyanya. Inyaya yehutano hweveruzhinji pasi rose, sezvo iri yechipiri chirwere cheparasitic mushure memarariya.

Bilharzia inouraya vanhu vari pakati pe20 ne000 gore negore, maererano neWorld Health Organization, iyo yakarapa vanhu vanopfuura mamiriyoni 200 mu000. WHO yakabva yafungidzira kuti nhamba yevanhu vanoda kurapwa kwekudzivirira inodarika mamiriyoni makumi matanhatu. Bilharzia inowanikwa kuLatin America, Middle East neAsia, asi kondinendi yeAfrica inobata 60-2014% yezviitiko. (250) Bilharzia inoonekwa sechirwere chisingatarisirwe munzvimbo dzinopisa, kureva kuti chirwere chakapararira uye chinongowanikwa munzvimbo dzichiri kusimukira (dzinowanzonzi NTD Kuregeredzwa Tropical Disease) Izvi zvinogona kuchinja nekuti nyaya dzinoverengeka dzakaitika muEurope kubva 2011, kunyanya muCorsica, zvichisimudza kutya kwekubuda kweparasitosis iyi muEurope. (2)

Zviratidzo zvekutanga zvehutachiona ipundu, rinoteverwa mavhiki mashoma gare gare nefivha, kukosora, uye kurwadziwa kwetsandanyama. Kune 2 nzira huru dzeschistosomiasis:

• Intestinal schistosomiasis: manyoka, ropa muchituru uye kurwadziwa mudumbu zviratidzo zvinowanzoitika. Mune chimiro chayo chisingaperi, matambudziko ari kuwedzera kwekukura kwechiropa uye spleen (hepatomegaly uye splenomegaly).
• Urogenital schistosomiasis: Kuvapo kweropa muweti kunowanzoratidza urogenital schistosomiasis, iyo inogona kukuvadza dundira, urethra uye itsvo.

Kukura uye kunonoka kwekukura kwekuziva kunoonekwa muvana vakabatwa uye vasina kurapwa.

Bilharzia inokonzerwa nemakonye erudzi Schistosoma. Mhando nhatu dzehonye dzinokonzera kutapurirana kwebilharzia kuvanhu: Schistosoma haematobium (bilharziose urogeÌ ?? nitale), Schistosoma mansoni et Schistosoma japonicum (intestinal bilharziose).

Chirwere cheBilharzia chatekeshera muvanhu vari munzvimbo dzinopisa nedzepasi dzinogara dzakasangana nemvura isingayerere. Vabati vehove, vakadzi vanowacha mbatya uye vana vachitamba mitambo vanonyanya kufumurwa.

Mapere eparasite anokura mumvura yakachena gastropods uye anopinda mumuviri wemunhu kuburikidza neganda. Vanosvinwa neropa kumatumbu uye dundira kwavanoburitsa mazai ayo anokuvadza matishu uye kumutsa kuzvimba kwemuviri. Mvura inosvibiswa netsvina yevanhu vakatakura utachiona.

Praziquantel mushonga unoshanda unorwisa marudzi ese echikosoro, wakachengeteka uye usingadhure. Kudzokororwa kwekurapa kwakakura kwevanhu vari panjodzi kunogona kurapa danho rekutanga rechirwere uye kuderedza huwandu hwevanhu vanotapukirwa. Kurwisana nechirwere chetachiona kunosanganisirawo kuchenesa mvura yakamira, kurwisa gastropods ayo ari mavector eparasite, pamwe nekudzivirira pakati pevanhu vari munzvimbo dzine chirwere. Kana vari vafambi munzvimbo dzinopisa uye subtropics, vanofanira kudzivisa kushambira mumadziva, madziva uye nzizi.