Blue spruce
Zvichida iyi spruce ndeimwe yeakanakisa. Hazvishamisi kuti varimi vakawanda vanoda kuva nemuti wakadaro panzvimbo. Ngationei kuti tingakura sei runako urwu

Spruce blue, zvakare kukwenya (Picea pungens) chizvarwa chekuNorth America. Asi paakasvika kuEurope, akabva awana mukurumbira ikoko uye akakurumidza kuziva expanses. Anodiwa nekuda kwemavara anoshamisa etsono, symmetrical dense korona, kusazvibata, mhepo uye kusanaya kwemvura, uye kugona kurarama muchando chakanyanya. Iyi spruce ndeyechokwadi refu-chiropa, zera rayo rinogona kusvika makore 500, zvisinei, mumamiriro ekunze, mushure memakore makumi mana, spruce inotanga kurasikirwa nekushongedza kwayo.

Blue spruce marudzi

Zvisikwa zvakapa spruce bhuruu nechitarisiko chinoshamisa, asi varimi vakaita budiriro inoshamisa nekudzidza shanduko dzechisikigo nekugadzira mhando dzinoshamisa. Uye nhasi, maspruce ane piramidi uye yakaenzana nekorona, madiki ane denderedzwa uye ovha korona ari pamusika. Uye ruvara rwetsono rwunosiyana kubva pasirivheri kusvika pablue yakadzika (1).

Glouca glauca (Glauca Globosa). Zvichida zvakasiyana-siyana zvakakurumbira pakati pevarimi. Yakawanikwa muna 1937 kubva pamichero, uye kare muna 1955 yakapinda mumisika. Muti weKisimusi wakasviba une korona yakanaka compact dense inokura isingasviki 2 m, asi inosvika 3 m muhupamhi. Mumakore ekutanga ehupenyu, korona inotaridzika zvishoma uye yakapfava, asi ipapo inowana yakaisvonaka yakarebesa elongated oval uye density. Tsono dzakareba, dzakakombama zvishoma, chena-blue. Makoni mahombe, mashava. Izvi zvakasiyana-siyana zvakanyanya kunaka, zvakabatanidzwa pahunde refu.

Glauka globoza inodzivirira chando (inoshivirira kusvika -40 ° C), ine photophilous, asi inogonawo kukura mumumvuri usina kukwana. Ivhu rinofarira loamy, rakaorera, rine acidic zvishoma kana kusarerekera.

Mumagadheni, izvi zvakasiyana-siyana zvinotaridzika zvakanaka munzvimbo yepamberi, mumarockeries uye pamadziro ekuchengetedza.

Hoopsie (Hoopsii). Inoonekwa sebluest yeblue firs. Izvi zvakasiyana-siyana mhedzisiro yemakore mazhinji ebasa nevarimi veGerman kubva kuHoops Nursery nursery. Nekudaro, nhoroondo yekuonekwa uye kusimudzirwa kwemhando iyi ine kupesana kuri pachena. Chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuti pakati pezana ramakore rapfuura, pamusika spruce inoyevedza yebhuruu yakaonekwa, ichikura zvine mwero uye mushure memakore mazhinji, mazhinji anosvika kureba kwema 8 m, ega ega ega anogona kukura kusvika 12 m nekorona. dhayamita kusvika 3 - 5 m. Runako urwu rwakatetepa pakutanga runoratidzika kunge rwakanyungudika zvishoma, asi nekufamba kwemakore hunde yakadzikira, iyo gobvu yakafara korona inova yakaenzana, conical, yakapfuma yebhuruu ruvara rwetsono inotanga kuita sirivheri muzuva rakajeka. Simba uye kusimba kwespruce iyi kunopiwa nematavi akasimudzwa zvishoma (2).

Iyo yakasiyana-siyana inodzivirira chando (inoshivirira kusvika -40 ° C), photophilous, asi inomira nyore nyore nemumvuri muduku. Ivhu rinofarira loamy, rakanyorova uye rakaorera, rakanyoroveswa.

Muminda, izvi zvakasiyana-siyana zvespruce zvinobudirira kuzadzisa basa remuti weKisimusi. Naizvozvo, nzvimbo yaro iri pamberi pebindu kana munzvimbo yakavanzika yakatarisana neseri kwelawn. Hupsi inogona kuve inoshamisa kumashure kune diki uye recumbent coniferous shrubs.

Majestic blue (Majestic Blue). Uyu murimi ndiwo muti wehurumende wekuAmerica nyika dzeColorado neUtah. Hazvisi zvemasanga kuti zita rayo i "majestic". Zvakafanana chaizvo neizvi: muti mutete unosvika 45 m kureba uye unosvika 6 m yakafara, ine inokudzwa greyish trunk bark uye yebhuruu-grey tsono ine tint yebhuruu. Uye tsono hadzisi duku, 3 cm kureba, dzakaoma, tetrahedral. Ruvara rwavo runoshanduka mukati megore: kubva kuchena kuenda ku bluish-blue nekuvhuvhu. Makona makuru anoonekwa pane iyi spruce chete pamiti inopfuura makore makumi matatu.

Iyo yakasiyana-siyana inodzivirira chando, inoshivirira kusvika -40 ° C, zvisinei, mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma kudaro, nezera re40-50, spruce inorasikirwa nehupamhi hwekushongedza kwayo. Chiedza-chinoda, asi chinotsungirira nyore ne shading, zvisinei, kune kukanganisa kwekushongedza. Ivhu rinofarira jecha uye loamy, rakaomeswa zvine mwero uye rakaorera, rakanyoroveswa zvakanaka, rine mhinduro kubva kune acidic kusvika kune zvishoma alkaline.

Mhando iyi yakakura zvekuti inoda nzvimbo yakakura. Muminda mikuru, inogona kushanda semuti weKisimusi, kana kuve kumashure kwezvishongedzo zvekushongedza uye zvirimwa zvidiki coniferous.

Aya marudzi matatu ndiwo anonyanya kufarirwa pakati pevarimi, asi kune mamwe asinganyanyi kunakidza:

  • Glauca pendula (Glauca pendula) - 8 - 10 m kureba, ine korona yakatwasuka kana yakakombama, matavi akarembera uye sirivheri-grey tsono;
  • Glauca procumbens (Glauca procumbens) - chimiro chechidiki 20 cm kureba nekorona isina kupararira inopararira kusvika ku 1,2 m muhupamhi uye sirivha-blue tsono;
  • Glauca prostrata (Glauca prostrata) - chimiro chechidiki chisingasviki 40 cm kureba nekorona yakadzika yakarara pasi, kusvika pamamita maviri muhupamhi;
  • Bonfire (Koster) - 10 - 15 m kureba, ine yenguva dzose conical korona uye bluish-girinhi tsono;
  • Misty Bhuruu - 5 - 7 m kureba ine conical korona uye bluish-girinhi tsono.

Kudyara blue spruce

Kune zvinomera zvine midzi yakavharwa (ZKS), nguva yakanakisisa yekudyara inobva pakati paApril kusvika munaOctober, kune mbesa dzine midzi yakazaruka - kusvika pakati paApril uye hafu yechipiri yaSeptember - kutanga kwaNovember.

Sarudzo yakanakisa mbesa dziri mumudziyo kana nevhu rakazara. Gomba rekumhara rinofanira kugadzirirwa pachine nguva. Fertilizer inokosha, zvichida nekuita kwenguva refu. Hapana manyowa kana manyowa matsva, zvisinei, pamwe chete nechero nitrogen fertilizer, pamwe nemadota. Izvo zvinobatsira kuwedzera mashizha humus, jecha rerwizi uye stale sawdust kana tsono dzakaoma kune ivhu rebindu.

Paunenge uchidyara, zvakakosha kuti usavige mudzi collar, saka simira pamwero wakafanana nekukura kwembeu mumudziyo. Mushure mekudyara, zvakakosha kuti muti udiridzwe zvakanyanya uye kuve nechokwadi chekudiridza nguva dzose uye kushamba panguva yekukura mumamiriro okunze anopisa.

Paunenge uchidyara muchirimo, zvakakosha kuisa mumvuri kubva kuzuva rakajeka.

Zvakakosha kugadzirira michero miduku yekutanga yechando nekuisunga nematavi espruce kana burlap.

blue spruce care

Mhando uye mafomu ebhuruu spruce akasiyana, echando-akasimba, anokwanisa kukura kunyange munzvimbo dzakaoma dzenyika yedu. Kazhinji, ivo havana kuzvikudza, asi ivo vachiri vane yavo yekutarisira nuances.

Ground

Ivhu rekudyara spruce rinofanira kuva jecha kana loamy, rakasununguka, rakanyoroveswa. Mvura inofanira kuiswa mugomba rekudyara, nokuti izvi zvinomera hazvibvumiri mvura inomira. Kana mhinduro yevhu remushonga iine alkaline, ammonium sulfate kana pasi nemarara emasango econiferous anowedzerwa kune ivhu.

Lighting

Iyo yakanaka, yakabatana korona yebhuruu spruce inongove iri munzvimbo yakavhenekerwa. Zvisinei, chirimwa chechidiki kana chakasimwa muchirimo chinoda shading mumavhiki maviri ekutanga, pamwe nekudzivirirwa kubva pakupisa kwezuva muchando chekutanga.

Kudiridza

Muzvisikwa, spruce yebhuruu inokura paivhu rine mwero uye imhando isinganaye mvura. Nekudaro, pakudyara, marudzi ese anoda kudiridza kwemhando yepamusoro mumakore maviri ekutanga mushure mekudyara. Mugore rekudyara, kudiridza kunodiwa kamwe chete pasvondo pamwero we10 - 12 malita emvura pambeu ine hurefu husingapfuuri 0,5 m. Mumamiriro okunze anopisa, manheru kana maawa emangwanani, kushambidzika - kushambidza kunobatsira. Kuti uchengetedze hunyoro, denderedzwa rehunde rinogona kuvharidzirwa nehupamhi hwebark kana sawdust ye conifers.

Mamiriro ezvinhu anonyanya kukosha echando chakanaka chemiti miduku ndeyekudiridza kwemvura. Hazvina mhosva kuti matsutso akanyorova sei, muna Gumiguru, pasi pemuti wega wega coniferous, zvakakosha kudururira zvishoma 20-30 malita emvura pamiti midiki uye 50 malita pamamita ehurefu hwekorona.

fertilizer

Pakudyara, phosphorus-potassium mafetiraiza anoshandiswa uye stale sawdust yemarudzi econiferous inoshandiswa semhepo inofefetera.

Kudyisa

Pavhu rakaorera mumakore 2 - 3 ekutanga mushure mekudyara, spruce haidi kupfeka kwepamusoro. Mune ramangwana, kana muti wacho wakaumbwa nekuchekerera, mafetireza anokosha ekoniferi anoshandiswa pamatanda emiti muchirimo. Mishonga inokura mahara inodyiswa chete kana isina kunyatsogadzirwa.

Kana tsono dzichiita yero uye dzichidonha, uye mugore rekutanga rekudyara, vanodzidzira kupfapfaidza korona nemhinduro dzeEpin uye Ferrovit.

blue spruce kubereka

Blue spruce inoparadzirwa nembeu, yechando cuttings uye grafting. Ndiyo mhando iyi iri nyore kuparadzira nembeu pane nekucheka.

Mbeu. Nemhodzi nzira yekurima, varietal maitiro haana kuchengetedzwa. Zvisinei, nenzira iyi, pane mukana wekuwana zvirimwa zvine ruvara rwetsono yakadzika, se, semuenzaniso, zvakaitika nekuzvarwa kwemhando yeHupsi.

Neiyi nzira yekukura, zvakakosha kuti mhodzi dzive nyowani uye dzifambe nenzira yekumisikidza. Mazuva 2-3 vasati vadyara, mbeu dzinotamirwa kunzvimbo inodziya uye dzakaomeswa. Kudyara kunoitwa pakadzika 1 - 2 cm mumabhokisi kana mugreenhouse, kuwedzera fungicides uye fetiraiza ye conifers kune yakareruka substrate. Mbeu dzinogara dzichidiridzwa uye dzichifefeterwa, mushure memakore 2-3 dzinosimwa kumubhedha wekuberekesa kuti dzikure, uye pazera remakore 6-7 chete dzinodyarwa munzvimbo inogara.

Kucheka. Rooting cuttings inotorwa kubva kumatavi epamusoro emiti yaamai inenge makore 6-8. Vanoita izvi pazuva rine makore munaEpril, June, August kana Gumiguru, kubvarura bazi nechitsitsinho - chidimbu chemuti wemuti. Kucheka kwakanaka kunofanira kuva 7-10 cm kureba.

Pakarepo mushure mekukohwa, tsono dzakaderera dzinobviswa kubva pakucheka uye zvikamu zvakasvibiswa nehupfu hwemudzi wekugadzira stimulator (somuenzaniso, Heteroauxin). Zvadaro kucheka kunodyarwa muhari dzine ivhu rakaorera rakaorera pakona ye30 °, kudzika ne 2-3 cm. Mapoto anoiswa mugreenhouse kana akavharwa nehomwe yepurasitiki. Kamwe chete pazuva rekumhara zvakakosha kuti ventilate.

Iva nemoyo murefu - iyo rooting process inogona kutora kusvika kune rimwe gore. Uye panguva iyi, zvakakosha kugara uchidiridza uye neventilate zvirimwa. Kamwe mavhiki maviri ega ega, unogona kuwedzera mhinduro isina simba yeHeteroauxin kumvura.

Muchirimo, cuttings midzi inodyarwa muchikoro, iyo inorongwa pasi pedenga remiti. Chete mushure memakore matatu kana mana, zvinomera zvakakura zvinogona kudyarwa munzvimbo inogara.

Zvirwere zveblue spruce

Ngura (spruce spinner). Chirwere chefungal chinotanga kuoneka pamakwati muchimiro chediki, orenji kuzvimba nehupamhi hwe 0,5 cm. Ipapo tsono dzinotanga kuita yero nekudonha. Makoni anogonawo kukanganiswa nengura.

Muchikamu chekutanga, zvakakosha kugara uchiunganidza tsono uye makoni, kucheka uye kupisa matavi akabatwa nefungus. Mbeu dzinorwara dzinofanirwa kumwaiwa neHom (copper oxychloride) (3) kana Rakurs. Kudzivirira chirwere muchirimo, kupfapfaidza neBordeaux fluid kunoitwa.

Shutte. Chirwere chechirwere chinonzi pathogenic fungus. Inobata spruce mu autumn, inoshingaira kukura pasi pechando chivharo. Nekuda kweizvozvo, tsono dzebrown dzine jira jena dzinoonekwa pachirimwa chinorwara muchirimo. Sino dzakabatwa dzinogona kugara paspruce kwerimwe gore, dzichiparadzira chirwere. Schutte inokanganisa kukura kwechirimwa, nekukuvara kwakanyanya kunogona kukonzera kufa kwespruce.

Kuti udzivise chirwere, kupfapfaidza kwechirimo neBordeaux liquid kana mhinduro yecolloidal sulfur inoshandiswa. Mumiti inorwara, matavi akabatwa anobviswa uye spruce inoputirwa katatu nemhinduro yeHom kana Angle (3).

Zvipembenene zveBlue spruce

Spruce spider mite. Inorwisa miti yespruce mumwedzi inopisa yakaoma yegore. Iyo mite inokuvadza tsono uye inoita kuti ive panjodzi yezvirwere zvefungal. Nehutachiona hwakasimba, tsono dzinoita shava uye dzinoputsika, cobwebs inoonekwa pamiti.

Nekudzivirira, kugadzika kwekorona yemiti nemvura kunoitwa. Zvinokwanisika kuparadza tiki chete nekorona kurapwa system neActellik, Antiklesh, Fitoverm (3). Zvakakosha kuita kanenge katatu kurapwa kubva munaJune kusvika munaSeptember.

Spruce sawfly. Tupukanana tupembenene tunodya tutsono. Asi tinoona kukuvara uku chete kana tsono diki dzikava tsvuku-tsvuku.

Muchikamu chekutanga chetachiona, kupfapfaidza neActellik kana Fury kunoshanda. Mushonga unoshanda zvakanyanya kubva kune sawfly ndiPinocid. Mushonga unopfapfaidzwa pamuti 2-3 nguva. Panguva imwecheteyo, vanodiridzawo ivhu rehunde dzemiti.

Spruce-fir hermes. Afidhi diki inotapurira chirimwa ichi, ichisiya nhungirwa dzakamonyoroka uye dzakatsvuka. Zvipembenene zvinorara mumakwati.

Hermes inogona kukundwa chete nemaitiro akarongeka. Muchirimo, kupfapfaidza nemhangura sulphate, kutanga kwaMay uye mumakore gumi echitatu aJune - Aktellik, Komandor, Fufanon nekudiridza matanda emiti neAktara's solution. Muchikamu chechipiri chaAugust - kurapwa nemhinduro yemhangura sulfate.

Mibvunzo nemhinduro dzakakurumbira

Takabvunza nezve blue spruce agronomist Oleg Ispolatov - akapindura mibvunzo yakakurumbira yevagari vezhizha.

Yakareba sei spruce yebhuruu?
Mazhinji emhando dzeblue spruce mahofori chaiwo, zvienzaniso zvevakuru zvinosvika 20 - 45 m kureba. Uye izvi zvinofanirwa kuverengerwa kana uchitenga nekudyara chirimwa mubindu rako. Kune madiki mapindu egadheni, ndingakurudzira marudzi ane compact korona uye yakakwana kureba.
Nzira yekushandisa sei blue spruce mune landscape dhizaini?
Mhando dzakareba dzespruce dzakanakira tapeworms (miti imwechete). Asi vanogona kunge vari hwaro hwemixborders yakaoma yekushongedza shrubs uye madiki conifers, hedges. Kumagadheni ari muchimiro chenguva dzose, mhando dzakadai seGlauka globoza dzakanaka.
Ndinofanira kuchekerera blue spruce here?
Kuchekerera kwakachena kwemiti yefir kunodiwa. Asi spruce yebhuruu inobvumirawo kugera bvudzi. Nekubatsira kwayo, haugoni kungoderedza kureba kwemiti, asiwo kuita kuti korona iwedzere. Nekubatsirwa kwebvudzi, mabhora, cubes uye mamwe mapikicha e topiary anoumbwa kubva kwavari. Sezvo mutemo, kucheka kunotanga apo zvinomera zvinosvika pazera remakore masere.

Zvitubu zve

  1. Stupakova OM, Aksyanova T.Yu. Zvinoumbwa zveperennial herbaceous, woody coniferous uye deciduous zvinomera mumaguta landscaping // Conifers of the boreal zone, 2013 https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/kompozitsii-iz-mnogoletnih-travyanistyh-drevesnyh-hvoynyh-i-listvenny rasteniy- v-ozelenenii-gorodov
  2. Gerd Krussman. Mhando dzeConiferous. // M., indasitiri yeTimber, 1986, 257 p.
  3. Katalog yehurumende yemishonga yezvipembenene neagrochemicals yakabvumidzwa kushandiswa munharaunda yeFederation kubva munaChikunguru 6, 2021 // Ministry of Agriculture of the Federation https://mcx.gov.ru/ministry/departments/departament-rastenievodstva-mekhanizatsii-khimizatsii - i-zashchity-rasteniy/industry-information/info-gosudarstvennaya-usluga-po-gosudarstvennoy-registratsii-pestitsidov-i-agrokhimikatov/

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