Kenza yepleura ibundu rakashata riri mu membrane yakatenderedza mapapu. Gomarara iri rinonyanya kukonzerwa nekugara kwenguva refu kune asbestos, iyo yaishandiswa zvakanyanya isati yarambidzwa kuFrance muna 1997 nekuda kwenjodzi dzehutano.

Tsanangudzo yekenza yepleural

Netsanangudzo, kenza yepleura ibundu rakashata mu pleura. Iyo yekupedzisira inoonekwa sehamvuropu yemapapu. Iyo inoumbwa nemashizha maviri: chivharo che visceral chinonamatira kumapapu uye parietal layer inovhara madziro echipfuva. Pakati pemapepa maviri aya, tinowana iyo pleural fluid inoita kuti zvikwanise kunyanya kudzikamisa kukwesha nekuda kwekufamba kwekufema.

Zvikonzero zvekenza yepleural

Pane zviitiko zviviri:

• kenza yekutanga yepleura, kana kuti yakaipa pleural mesothelioma, iyo kukura kwekenza kunotanga mu pleura;
• kenza yechipiri ye pleura, kana pleural metastases, iyo inokonzerwa nekupararira kwegomarara rakatanga mune imwe nzvimbo yemuviri yakadai sebronchopulmonary cancer kana kenza yemazamu.

Nyaya inowanzoitika, gomarara rekutanga repleura kazhinji mhedzisiro yekugara kwenguva refu kune asbestos. Sechiyeuchidzo, asbestos chinhu chinorambidzwa kushandiswa muFrance nekuda kwehutano hwayo. Izvozvi zvave zvichiratidzwa zvakanyanya kuti inhalation yeasbestos fibers inogona kukonzera hosha dzakakomba dzekufema dzinosanganisira cancer yepleura uye pulmonary fibrosis (asbestosis).

Yakarambidzwa nhasi, asbestos inoramba iri dambudziko guru rehutano hwevanhu. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti matambudziko ekusangana neasbestos anogona kuoneka anopfuura makore makumi maviri gare gare. Mukuwedzera, asbestos ichiripo muzvivako zvakawanda zvakavakwa zvisati zvarambidzwa muna 20.

Vanhu vane hanya

Vanhu vakaratidzirwa kune asbestos vane njodzi yakawedzera yekuva nekenza yepleura. Malignant pleural mesothelioma inoonekwa sekenza isingawanzo. Inomiririra isingasviki 1% yekenza dzese dzakaonekwa. Zvakadaro, chiitiko chemalignant pleural mesothelioma chiri kuwedzera kubva kuma1990 nekuda kwekushandiswa kukuru kweasbestos pakati pe50s ne80s. Dzimwe nyanzvi dziri kunetsekawo nezve kuratidzwa kune zvigadzirwa zveasbestos kubva kunyika dzisina kurambidzwa asbestos, seRussia neChina.

Kuongororwa kwekenza yepleural

Kuongorora kenza yepleura kwakaoma nekuti zviratidzo zvayo zvakafanana nezvimwe zvirwere zvakawanda. bvunzo dzinoverengeka dzinogona kudikanwa:

• kuongororwa kwekiriniki kuti uone zviratidzo zvinogona kuratidza kenza yepleura;
• bvunzo dzekushanda kwemapapu dzinobatsira kuwedzera kuongororwa;
• kuongororwa kwenhoroondo yekuratidzwa kweasbestos;
• x-ray kuongorora mamiriro e pleura;
• pleural puncture kuunganidza sampuli ye pleural fluid uye kuiongorora;
• pleural puncture-biopsy iyo inosanganisira kubvisa uye kuongorora chidimbu chepepa kubva papleura;
• thoracoscopy iyo inosanganisira kuita incision pakati pembabvu mbiri kuitira kuona pleura uchishandisa endoscope (medical optical instrument).

pleural effusion

Mapundu e pleura anogona kuenda asingaoneki mumatanho ekutanga ekukura kwawo. Chiratidzo chekutanga chegomarara repleura ndeye pleural effusion, inova kuunganidza kusiri kujairika kwemvura mu pleural cavity (nzvimbo iri pakati pezvikamu zviviri zvepleura). Inozviratidza ne:

• dyspnea, kupfupika kwekufema kana kufema;
• kurwadziwa muchipfuva mune zvimwe zviitiko.

Zviratidzo zvinobatanidzwa

Kenza yepleura inogonawo kukonzera:

• chikosoro chinowedzera kana chinopfuurira;
• izwi rakashoshoma;
• kuoma kunomedza.

Zvisizvo zviratidzo

Kenza yepleura inogonawo kukonzera:

• husiku hweziya;
• kusanzwisisika kuonda.

Kutarisira kenza yepleura kunoenderana nedanho rekukura uye mamiriro emunhu ane hanya. Kusarudzwa kwekurapa kunogona kusanganisira nyanzvi dzakasiyana.

Kurapwa

Murapirwo wakajairika wegomarara re pleura chemotherapy, iko kushandiswa kwemishonga nemuromo kana nejekiseni kuuraya masero egomarara.

Radiotherapy

Radiation therapy dzimwe nguva inoshandiswa kurapa kutanga uye / kana kenza yemuno yepleura. Iyi nzira inosanganisira kufumura nzvimbo yebundu kune yakakwira-simba maranzi kana zvimedu.

Kuvhiya kwekurapa

Kuvhiya kurapwa kwegomarara repleura kunosanganisira kubvisa zvikamu zvetishu. Kuvhiya kunongotariswa pasi pemamwe mamiriro.

Matekiniki maviri anogona kutariswa:

• pleurectomy, kana pleurectomy-decortication, iyo inosanganisira kubvisa zvakanyanya kana zvishoma chikamu chepleura;
• extrapleural pneumonectomy, kana kuti extra-pleural pleuro-pneumonectomy, iyo inosanganisira kubvisa pleura, mapapu anovhara, chikamu che diaphragm, lymph nodes mu thorax, uye dzimwe nguva pericardium.

Kurapa kuri kudzidza

Tsvagiridzo inoenderera mberi pamusoro pekurapwa kwegomarara repleura nenzira dzinovimbisa senge immunotherapy. Chinangwa chayo ndechekudzoreredza kugona kwe immune system kurwisa cancer maseru.

Kudzivirirwa kwegomarara repleura kunosanganisira kudzikisira kuratidzwa kweasbestos, kunyanya nekuita mabasa ekubvisa asbestos uye kupfeka midziyo yekudzivirira yevashandi vari pachena kune asbestos.