Munguva yose yemazuva ano, chokoti inopisa yaionekwa seimwe yezvinwiwa zvinodhura zvikuru muEurope; iri nechitarisiko chayo iyo tsika yekushandira kapu pane yakakosha saucer yakabatanidzwa, kuitira kuti irege kudurura donho remvura inokosha. Kocoa inogadzirwa kubva kumbeu yemuti wezita rimwe chete, wemhuri yemallow, inozvarwa kune dzinopisa America. MaIndia akashandisa chinwiwa ichi kubva kumireniyumu yekutanga AD, maAztec vaiona sechitsvene, chine zvinhu zvisinganzwisisike. Mukuwedzera kune mbeu yekocoa, chibage, vanilla, yakawanda yepiresi inopisa uye munyu yakawedzerwa kumvura panguva yekubika, kuwedzera, yakadhakwa kutonhora. Yakanga iri mukunyorwa uku kuti veEurope vekutanga, vakunda, vakaravira ichi chinwiwa - "chocolatl".
Mukondinendi yeEurope, cocoa yakasvika pakuravira kwevakuru, Spain yaive nehutongi hwekugovera kwayo kwenguva yakareba, asi munguva pfupi yakaonekwa muFrance, Great Britain nedzimwe nyika. Nokufamba kwenguva, teknolojia yekugadzira cocoa yakachinja zvikuru: panzvimbo yemunyu, pepper uye chibage, vakatanga kuwedzera uchi, sinamoni uye vanilla. Vabiki vaiita basa rekugadzira chokoreti vakakurumidza kusvika pamhedziso yokuti kumuEurope chinwiwa chakadaro chiri muchimiro chinopisa chiri nani pane kutonhora, vakatanga kuwedzera mukaka pairi kana kushumira negirazi remvura. Nekudaro, iyo inonyanya kufadza yakawanikwa yakaitwa pakati pezana ramakore rechi XNUMX, apo muDutchman Konrad van Houten akakwanisa kusvina bota kubva pacocoa poda achishandisa muchina, uye zvakasara zvakanyungudika mumvura. Kuwedzera mafuta aya kuhupfu kwakagadzira bhara rakaoma rechokoreti. Iyi teknolojia inoshandiswa kusvika nhasi pakugadzirwa kwemarudzi ose echokoti yakaoma.
Kana iri yekumwa pachayo, pane mhando mbiri huru:
Chokoreti inopisa… Kana uchibika, sunga chihombe chenguva dzose, wedzera mukaka, sinamoni, vanilla, wozozvirova kusvikira furo funga mumikombe midiki, dzimwe nguva negirazi remvura inotonhora. Chokoreti inowanzo kupihwa mumaresitorendi nemakamuri.
Cocoa chinwiwa yakagadzirwa nehupfu. Sezvo mutemo, inobikwa mumukaka, asi dzimwe nguva inongonyungudutswa sekofi yegranulated mumukaka wakafanana kana mvura inodziya kumba.
Chero chipi nechipi checocoa-based product, ingave chokoreti yakaoma kana chinwiwa chiriporipo, chine musanganiswa wakasiyana wezvinhu zvakakosha kumuviri, kunyanya zvechisikigo antidepressants: serotonin, tryptophan uye phenylethylamine. Zvinhu izvi zvinovandudza mamiriro ehurongwa hwemitsipa, kubvisa kusava nehanya, kunzwa kwekuwedzera kunetseka, uye kuwedzera kushanda kwepfungwa. Mukuwedzera, cocoa ine antioxidants epicatechin uye polyphenols, iyo inodzivirira kukwegura uye kuumbwa kwebundu. Muchikamu chemashoko, 15 magiramu echokoreti ane antioxidants akafanana nemaapuro matanhatu kana matatu malita emuto weorenji. Zvidzidzo zvenguva ichangoburwa neMünster masayendisiti akasimbisa kuvapo kwecocoa yezvinhu zvinodzivirira kuparadzwa kweganda repamusoro uye kukurudzira kuporeswa kwemaronda madiki, kunyorovesa wrinkles. Kocoa yakapfuma zvisina kujairika mu magnesium, ine potassium, calcium, sodium, iron, mavhitaminzi B1, B2, PP, provitamin A, inobatsira kudzoreredza basa remoyo, inowedzera elasticity yetsinga.
Zvinofanira kurangarirwa kuti kuwedzera kune zvinhu zvinobatsira kumuviri, mbeu dzechirimwa ichi dzine mafuta anopfuura 50%, anenge 10% shuga uye saccharides, saka, kunyanya kushandiswa kwechokoti kunogona kukonzera kufutisa. Chinwiwa chinogadzirwa kubva kucocoa powder hachina kukuvadza zvakanyanya: mafuta mazhinji ari mumafuta uye anoenda nekubviswa. Kushandiswa kwecocoa nemukaka wakatsetseka ndiyo hwaro hwekudya kwakawanda, sezvo, kune rumwe rutivi, inozadza zvinodiwa nemuviri zvekutsvaga zvinhu, uye kune rumwe rutivi, inoita kuti ganda nemidziyo yeropa iwedzere elastic, inoponesa munhu kubva. migumisiro isingafadzi yekukurumidza kurasikirwa uremu: tsinga, mapepa, mavara paganda , kuparara kwehutano. Zvirambidzo zvechikafu zvakasanganiswa nekudyiwa zvine mwero kwezvigadzirwa zvecocoa zvinokurudzira kuita kwehuropi.
Mutungamiriri wepasirese mukutengesa cocoa ndiVenezuela, ayo akasarudzika marudzi ari Criolo neForastero. "Cryolo" ndiyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa mhando yechinwiwa, hainzwe kuvava uye acidity, kuravira kwayo kwakapfava kunosanganiswa nekunhuhwirira kwakanaka kwechokoreti. Forastero ndiyo yakapararira kwazvo pasirese, kunyanya nekuda kwegoho rayo rakakura, asi ine kuravira kunorwadza uye kwakasviba, kwakanyanya kana kushomeka zvichienderana nenzira yekugadzirisa.