Kofi yave ichizivikanwa kubvira panguva dzekare; iyo inobva kuEthiopia Kaffa iyo inotangira uye zita rayo. Mukati meguta imomo ndimo makawanikwa tsanga dzemiti yekofi, idzo mbudzi dzemuno dzaida kudya. Zviyo zvakava nesimba rinosimbisa pavari, uye vafudzi vakakurumidza kugadzirisa pfungwa yavo pachavo, vachishandisa kofi kuti vataure. Zviyo zvemagetsi zvaishandiswawo nemadzishe aipfuura nemuEthiopia.
Kofi yakatanga kurimwa muzana ramakore rechinomwe mundima yemazuva ano Yemen. Kutanga, tsanga dzakabikwa, dzakapurwa, dzikawedzerwa kuchikafu semwaka wekurunga. Vakabva vaedza kugadzira tinctures pabhinzi yekofi mbishi, vakabika pulp - chinwiwa chaive geshir, ikozvino nzira iyi inoshandiswa kugadzira kofi Yemeni.
Munguva yenhoroondo, maArabu paakauya kunyika dzeEthiopiya, kodzero yekushandisa michero yemiti yekofi yakapfuudzwa kwavari. Pakutanga, maArabu haana kuuya nechinhu chitsva chekukuya zviyo zvakasvibirira, kuzvisanganisa nebhotoro, kuzvimonera mumabhora uye kuenda nazvo munzira yekuchengetedza simba. Kunyange zvakadaro, chikafu chakadai chakagwinya uye chinonaka, nekuti mbesa dzekofi mbishi dzine hunhu, uye nekuwedzera kune mufaro, chikafu ichi chinogutsa nzara yemufambi.
Mazana emakore gare gare, bhinzi dzekofi dzakapedzisira dzafunga nzira yekugocha, kugaya uye kugadzirira chinwiwa sezvatinochiziva nhasi. Zana ramakore rechi11 rinoonekwa seyakatanga gadziriro yekofi. Kofi yeArabia yakagadzirirwa nemishonga uye zvinonhuwira - ginger, sinamoni, uye mukaka.
Kofi yeTurkey
Pakati pezana ramakore rechi 15, kofi inokunda Turkey. Vanopinda veTurkey havasi kurasikirwa nemukana wekuita bhizimusi pakofi uye kuvhura yekutanga kofi shopu yepasirese. Nekuda kwekuzivikanwa kukuru kwedzimba dzekofi, vakuru vechechi vakatotuka chinwiwa ichi muzita remuporofita, vachitarisira kufunga vatendi nekuvadzosera kutembere dzekunamatira, panzvimbo pekugara kwemaawa pamutambo wekofi.
Muna 1511, kushandiswa kwekofi kwakarambidzwa zvakare muMecca nemutemo. Asi kunyangwe zvairambidzwa uye kutya kurangwa, kofi yakadhakwa yakawanda uye yaigara ichiedza kugadzirira uye nekuvandudza chinwiwa. Nekufamba kwenguva, kereke yakachinja kubva pakutsamwa kuenda kunzwira tsitsi.
Muzana ramakore rechi 16, zviremera zveTurkey zvakare zvakanetsekana nezve craze yekofi. Zvaitaridzika kuti kofi yaive nemhedzisiro kune avo vaiinwa, kutonga kwakashinga uye kwakasununguka, uye vakatanga kunyeya nezvematongerwo enyika kazhinji. Kofi zvitoro zvakavharwa uye kofi yakarambidzwazve, kusvika pakuurayiwa, avo vakauya nezvose zvakanyanyisa uye zvine hunyanzvi. Saka, sekureva kwemasayendisiti, mudikani wekofi aigona kusonwa ari mupenyu muhombodo yekofi ndokukandwa mugungwa.
Zvakangodaro, hunyanzvi hwekofi hwaive kukura, dzimba dzemhando yepamusoro uko zvinwiwa zvakagadzirwa zvakatanga kushanduka kuita hunyanzvi hwezvitoro zvekofi, mabikirwo akachinja, akazova akasiyana siyana, basa rekuwedzera rakaonekwa - nekapu yekofi munhu aigona kuzorora pamasofa akasununguka, kutamba chess , kutamba makasa kana kungotaura moyo-kumoyo. Yekutanga kofi shopu yakaonekwa muna 1530 muDhamasiko, makore maviri gare gare muAlgeria uye makore maviri gare gare muIstanbul.
Imba yekofi yeIstanbul yainzi "Circle yeVafungi", uye nekuda kwayo, pane fungidziro, kuti mutambo wakakurumbira webhiriji wakaonekwa.
Mamiriro edzimba dzekofi, kwaikwanisa kuita misangano, hurukuro dzisina kumhanyisa, kutaurirana, dzakachengetedzwa nanhasi.
Kofi yeTurkey inogadzirirwa mutsika - chiTurk kana cezve; inonaka chaizvo uye inovava. Haana kutora midzi yakadai muRussia. Pano akaonekwa panguva yaPeter I, uyo aifunga kuti kunwa kofi kunobatsira kuita sarudzo dzakakosha uye akamanikidza vese vake kuti vadaro. Nekufamba kwenguva, kunwa kofi kwakatanga kutaridzwa sechiratidzo chekuravira kwakanaka, uye vamwe vaitofanira kutsungirira kuravira kwayo nekuda kwenzvimbo uye kutevedzera fashoni nyowani.
Kofi dzakasiyana
Kune marudzi mana makuru emiti yekofi pasi - Arabica, Robusta, Exelia neLiberica. Miti dzakasiyana Arabic inosvika pakureba kwemamita mashanu kusvika matanhatu, michero inoibva mukati memwedzi misere. Arabica inokura muEthiopia, mamwe anorimwa nevanamuzvinabhizimusi vemuno, uye kumwe kukohwa kunokohwewa kubva kumabindu ari kurima musango.
Yakasimba - kofi ine zvine caffeine yepamusoro, inowedzerwa pamisanganiswa yesimba rakakura, asi panguva imwechete iyo robusta yakaderera mukuravira uye mhando kuArabica. Mukurima, miti ye robusta inonyanya kukosha uye inoda kutarisirwa zvakanaka, zvisinei, gohwo ravo rakanyanya kwazvo.
African liberica inopesana nezvirwere zvakasiyana siyana, uye nekudaro zviri nyore kuti ikure. Zvibereko zveLiberia zvinowanikwawo mukofi yakasanganiswa.
Excelsa kofi - miti inosvika pamamita makumi maviri pakukwirira! Iyo yakanyanya, pamwe, isingazivikanwe uye isingawanzoshandiswa mhando yekofi.
Instant kofi akaonekwa muna 1901 neruoko rwechiedza rweAmerican Japanese Satori Kato. Pakutanga, chinwiwa ichi chaive chinonhuwirira zvishoma uye chisina kana chinonaka, asi chiri nyore kugadzirira, uye nekudaro vanhu vakatanga kujaira kusagadzikana kwayo. Semuenzaniso, mumishandirapamwe yemauto kofi yakadaro yaive nyore kugadzirira, uye caffeine, zvakadaro, yaitamba basa rayo.
Nekufamba kwenguva, iyo yekubheka yekofi ipapo yakachinja, muma30s, kuravira kwekofi kwakazopedzisira kwaunzwa mundangariro muSwitzerland, uye kutanga kwezvose, yakave yakakurumbira zvakare pakati pemasoja airwira.
Pakati pezana ramakore rechi20, nzira nyowani yekugadzira kofi nemuchina wekofi yakaonekwa - espresso. Unyanzvi uhu hwakagadzirwa muMilan pakupera kwezana ramakore rechi19. Nekudaro, iko kugadzirirwa kweinonaka chaiyo uye yakasimba kofi yakave ichiwanikwa kwete chete mudzimba dzekofi, nekuuya kwemamishini ekofi epamba, ichi chinwiwa chinosimbisa chakanyatso gara mudzimba dzese.