Mukati
Pasinei nekwakabva kwakanaka, howa hwakagadzirira kushivirira nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekukura. Nokudaro, kurimwa kweporcini howa munyika kunowanikwa kune chero murimi ane ruzivo mukurima mycelium yezvimwe zvipo zvemasango. Kana iwe usina hunyanzvi hwakadaro, saka usati wakura porcini howa muchirongwa chako pachako, unofanirwa kunyatso dzidza tekinoroji yekurima, uye kunyangwe zvirinani, tanga kudzidzira kubereka champignons.
White howa, kana boletus, zvinoreva tubular howa. Inomera munzvimbo dzine jecha, asi inogonawo kukura muvhu rakaorera. Inowanzoonekwa pasi pemabhishi, zvishoma pasi pemiouki, inofarira miti yakakura kupfuura makore makumi maviri. Inogara munzvimbo dzakadzikama uye dzepasi pevhu muEurasia yose. Fruiting kubva munaJune kusvika munaOctober.
Verenga chinyorwa ichi uye tarisa vhidhiyo yekukura sei porcini howa munyika muvhu. Mushure maizvozvi, unogona kutanga kurima.
Ko howa huchena hunotaridzika sei?
Iyo kapu ye porcini mushroom inogona kuvezwa mumarudzi akasiyana-siyana: yero, brown, brown, tsvuku, yepepuru, grey-brown. Kuvara kunoenderana nenzvimbo yekukura kwefungus. Zvakare, ngowani inogona kunge isina kuenzana muvara: kazhinji pamipendero yakareruka kupfuura pakati. Iyo ngowani ine tubular, cushion-shaped, inokura kusvika 20 cm muhupamhi.
Iyo tubules ichena pakutanga, yozoita yero-yakasvibira kana yero-muorivhi. Gumbo rakakora, rakakora pazasi, rine mesh pattern. Dzimwe nguva inowanikwa chete muchikamu chepamusoro chegumbo. Kazhinji ruvara rwayo runopindirana neruvara rweheti, inongoreruka zvishoma. Iyo pulp yemuviri wechibereko ichena, yakaonda, haina kunhuhwirira uye ine nutty kuravira. Munzvimbo yekucheka, ruvara harushanduki.
Ona kuti porcini mushroom inotaridzika sei mumifananidzo iyi:
White mushroom inokosheswa kwete chete nekunaka kwayo. Inokwanisawo kukurudzira kuvharwa kwemajisi ekudya. Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti boletus maererano nehuwandu hwekudya inosiyana zvakanyanya kubva kune humwe howa. Pasinei nemhando dzayo dzose dzakanaka, inooneka yakaderera kune boletus maererano nekuvapo kwemapuroteni, uye chanterelle uye morel maererano nezviri mukati mekutsvaga zvinhu zvakadai se phosphorus uye potassium. Inofanirawo kucherechedzwa kuti digestibility yeprotein mushure mekuomesa fungus chena inowedzera ne80%. Howa hwakaomeswa hune kunhuhwirira kwahwo, saka hupfu hwahwo hunowanzo shandiswa semushonga wezvikafu zvakasiyana.
White fungus inewo humwe hunhu hunobatsira: tonic, anti-infective, kuporesa maronda, antitumor. Kutenda kune lecithin iri muhowa, inobatsira kune anemia uye atherosclerosis, chirwere chechiropa neitsvo, uye pathologies yemaziso. Iine simba rakanaka pakudzivirira muviri, inobatsira kuputsa glycogens nemafuta, kubvisa cholesterol yakawandisa kubva mumuviri.
Howa uhu, hunokura pasi pemiti yakasiyana, hune mavara evhavha akasiyana. Ihwo howa hwakasvibira hunomera pasi pespruce, uye avo vanokura pasi pepine vane heti yakaisvonaka tsvuku-tsvuku.
Izvi zvinotevera zvinotsanangura zvakadzama nzira yekurima porcini howa muimba yavo yezhizha.
Nzira yekurima porcini howa: kugadzirira ivhu rakavhurika
Borovik yakagara ichionekwa samambo wehowa dzose. Usati wakura porcini howa munyika, yeuka kuti ndeyeboka re mycorrhizal, kureva, vegetative mu symbiosis nemidzi yemiti. Naizvozvo, mamiriro ekukura porcini howa anofanirwa kunge akafanana nemamiriro avanogara musango.
Howa inokura chete pasi pebirches, aspens, spruces, beeches, oak. Vanoda magirazi ane mwero uye akareruka, asi kwete pasi pemwaranzi yakavhurika yezuva. Boletus haizokura munzvimbo dzine rima. Zvakare, iyo porcini fungus haishiviriri nharaunda nemimwe miriwo, senge fern uye mahwanda. Pakusarudza nzvimbo yekurima howa iyi, zvinhu zvose izvi zvinofanira kuverengwa.
Kana iwe uine miti yakakodzera mumunda wako webindu, saka iwe unogona kutanga nyore kukura porcini fungus pachiyero cheindasitiri. Mumamiriro ezvinhu ekugadzira, pasina miti, hapana munhu asati akwanisa kurima howa uhu.
Kukura porcini howa muvhu rakavhurika, unofanirwa kutarisira kugadzirira kwemabhedha. Kuti uite izvi, gomba 2 m yakafara uye 30 cm yakadzika inocherwa panzvimbo yakasarudzwa. Iyo yakazadzwa nemusanganiswa unokosha, unogadzirirwa mberi. Mashizha emuouki akadonha anokohwewa muchirimo uye anosanganiswa nehuni hwakaora hwemuouki uye tsvina yebhiza yakachena. Zvose matanda omuouki uye manyowa ebhiza zvinofanira kuwedzerwa kumashizha muchiyero che5% yehuwandu hwavo. Kutanga, mashizha akaiswa muhupamhi hwemasendimita makumi maviri, mupfudze webhiza uye huni dzakaora zvinodururwa uye kudiridzwa ne 20% mhinduro yeammonium nitrate. Wobva waisa dhizaini nyowani. Nokudaro, mitsara yakawanda inoitwa. Mushure memazuva 1-7, musanganiswa unofanirwa kudziya kusvika ku10 ° C. Panguva ino, inofanira kusanganiswa kuitira kuti ive homogeneous mass. Kwapera mwedzi, musanganiswa wakagadzirira uye unoradzikwa mugomba nenzira yezvikamu 40-10 cm. Zvinoenderana nehunyanzvi hwekuita tekinoroji yekukura porcini howa, imwe yega yega yemusanganiswa inodururwa nevhu rebindu 12-6 cm gobvu. Ukobvu hwose hwemubhedha hunenge 8 cm. Pakati inokwidziridzwa kuitira kuti mvura ikunguruke kubva pairi.
Izvi zvinotevera zvinotsanangura nzira yekurima mycelium ye porcini howa munyika.
Kudyara mycelium uye kutarisira porcini howa
Pane nzira dzakawanda dzekukura porcini mycelium. Munzira yekutanga, howa dzakaibva dzinounganidzwa uye dzinodururwa nemvura inonaya mundiro yehuni. Musanganiswa uyu unosiiwa kwezuva. Wobva wasanganisa zvakanaka wosefa nekanyama kashoma. Somugumisiro weiyi nzira, akawanda eporcini spores anoramba ari mumvura. Vanonyura pasi. Nokuda kwekumera kwavo, unogona kuwedzera mbiriso yemubiki mumvura. Zvadaro bvisa zvinyoronyoro furo nechipunu uye dhonza chikamu chepamusoro chemvura yakachena, uye isa imwe sarudzo ine spores muchiedza. Unogona kubvisa zvinwiwa zvasara kubva mumidziyo yakasiyana kuita imwe. Mushure mevhiki, chikamu chepamusoro chemvura yakachena yakanyatsodonhedzwa, uye kumira kwakagadzika kunodururwa mumabhodhoro uye kuchengetwa mufiriji. Kumiswa uku kunogona kushandiswa kwegore rose, asi zviri nani kuishandisa mukati memwedzi wekutanga, sezvo iri panguva ino iyo spores inoramba ichishanda. Uyu musanganiswa unodururwa pamusoro pemubhedha wakagadzirirwa, uye chikamu chepamusoro chevhu chinotanga kubviswa. Iwe unogonawo kudurura musanganiswa wakakomberedza miti yakasarudzwa. Usati wakura mycelium ye porcini mushroom, iwe unofanirwa kutanga wanyatsochenjerera, pasina kukuvadza midzi yemiti, kubvisa ivhu revhu. Izvi zvinoitirwa kuburitsa pachena midzi yemiti. Zvadaro uidururire nekumiswa uye uvhare nenyika zvakare. Dururira kumisa pachiyero che 400 g yega yega 30 cm. Mushure maizvozvi, ivhu rinofanira kudururwa zvakanyanya ne 4-5 mabhakiti emvura.
Vhidhiyo iyi inotaura zvakadzama nezve kukura mycelium ye porcini howa munzira yekutanga:
Munzira yechipiri, mycelium inokohwewa munzvimbo dzinokura howa huchena. Sei zvidimbu zvevhu zvichichekwa zvakatenderedza howa zvine zviyero zve20 X 30 cm uye ukobvu hwe10-15 cm. Zvadaro vanochekwa muzvikamu zvakawanda uye vakasimwa pamubhedha kana munzvimbo yakasarudzwa kuitira kuti pane denga revhu 5-7 cm gobvu pamusoro pavo. nyorovesa zvishoma uye uvhare nemashizha nenhovo kuitira kuti zvigare zvakanyorova.
Ceps inofanira kudyarwa pasi pemiti imwechete iyo pasi pekudyara yakatorwa. Zvakaonekwa kuti howa hunokura zviri nani pasi pemiti ine makore 15-25.
Iwe unogona kudyara mycelium neimwe nzira. Sei overripe caps ye porcini mushroom inochekwa kuita zvidimbu zvidiki uye inosanganiswa nehuwandu hwevhu. Zvadaro moisturize iyo zvishoma. Iwe unogonawo kudyara zvishoma zvakaomeswa howa caps. Vanorariswa pamubhedha vodiridzwa. Mushure memazuva 5-6 vanobviswa - spores, pamwe chete nemvura, yakatopinda muvhu. Iwe unogona kuisa zvidimbu zvevhavha pasi pepamusoro pevhu. Zviri nani kudyara mycelium munaSeptember.
Vhidhiyo iyi inoratidza nzira yekukura nayo porcini howa nenzira yechipiri:
Paunenge uchisiya, mycelium haifaniri kudururwa zvakanyanya nemvura, inogona kufa; asi mumatsutso akaoma inofanira kunyoroveswa negaba rekudiridza kana sprayer. Kukura uye kutarisira mycelium inosanganisira kudiridza nguva nenguva munguva yakaoma yezhizha. Mvura zviri nani mangwanani-ngwanani. Hazvina kudikanwa kushandisa mineral fertilizer. Howa humwechete hunoonekwa gore rinotevera mushure mekudyara, uye kukohwa kwakanaka kunotorwa makore maviri mushure mekudyara. Pasi pemuti mumwe unogona kuwana bhakiti rekukohwa. Paunenge uchitora howa, inofanira kunyatsochekwa, ichisiya masara ehunde kuti irege kukuvadza mycelium.